Penyiksaan Keelhauling Bajak Laut - Hukuman Terburuk dalam Sejarah Umat Manusia: catatan belajar bahasa Inggris

Back during the ancient world and the Middle Ages, the ship represented the pinnacle of the military. Idiom

Pada zaman kuno dan Abad Pertengahan, kapal mewakili puncak kekuatan militer.

The ship was a sacred thing,

Kapal dianggap sebagai sesuatu yang sakral,

and as time went by, Frasa

dan seiring berjalannya waktu,

it was those who ruled the waves that became the most powerful nations. Tata bahasa

bangsa yang menguasai lautan menjadi bangsa terkuat.

But during the Age of Discovery, Budaya

Namun, pada Zaman Penjelajahan,

when ships were discovering new worlds and crossing vast oceans,

ketika kapal-kapal menemukan dunia baru dan menyeberangi samudra luas,

life was tough for sailors.

kehidupan para pelaut sangat berat.

The Age of Discovery was also an era of mutiny.

Zaman Penjelajahan juga merupakan era pemberontakan di kapal.

When an aggrieved crew turned against their captain, Phrasal verb

Ketika awak yang merasa dirugikan berbalik melawan kaptennya,

all hell could break loose, Idiom

kekacauan besar bisa pecah,

and there was nowhere to hide.

dan tidak ada tempat untuk bersembunyi.

That's why some particularly horrifying punishments were reserved for out-of-control sailors. Frasa

Itulah sebabnya hukuman yang sangat mengerikan disiapkan bagi pelaut yang tak terkendali.

Welcome to keelhauling.

Selamat datang di hukuman tarik lunas.

Our viewers have likely seen the movies that depict mutinies on ships

Para penonton kami mungkin pernah menyaksikan film yang menggambarkan pemberontakan di kapal

or sailors that no longer follow commands.

atau pelaut yang tak lagi mematuhi perintah.

For their transgression,

Atas pelanggaran mereka,

the punishment had to be quite severe,

hukumannya harus cukup berat,

because when you're in the middle of the ocean,

sebab ketika berada di tengah samudra,

you just can't afford to let things slide. Idiom

Anda tidak bisa membiarkan masalah begitu saja.

On the other hand, Alur pesan

Di sisi lain,

if a captain is too stern,

jika kapten terlalu keras,

this might create a conspiracy to take him out, Phrasal verb

hal ini dapat memicu persekongkolan untuk menyingkirkannya,

and that's what we call mutiny.

dan itulah yang disebut pemberontakan.

Maybe the most well-known of those was the mutiny on the Bounty. Budaya

Mungkin yang paling terkenal adalah pemberontakan di Bounty.

A captain had to be hard, but fair,

Seorang kapten harus keras, tetapi adil,

lest he lose the respect of his crew. Tata bahasa

agar tidak kehilangan rasa hormat awaknya.

The most common types of punishment then were not keelhauling,

Hukuman yang paling umum saat itu bukanlah tarik lunas,

which could be said to be the most severe form.

yang dapat disebut sebagai bentuk hukuman paling berat.

It was most likely that the offending sailor would receive some strokes of the cane,

Pelaut yang bersalah lebih mungkin menerima beberapa pukulan tongkat,

or worse, the whip.

atau lebih buruk lagi, cambukan.

He might simply be tied to the mast and left to think about what he'd done.

Ia mungkin hanya diikat ke tiang kapal dan dibiarkan memikirkan perbuatannya.

But let's say a sailor had been part of a mutiny,

Namun, katakanlah seorang pelaut ikut dalam pemberontakan

and that mutiny had failed.

dan pemberontakan itu gagal.

Or what if the villains of the seas, the pirates,

Atau bagaimana jika para penjahat lautan, yaitu bajak laut,

had wanted to come down hard on someone? Idiom

ingin menghukum seseorang dengan sangat keras?

What was the worst thing they could do?

Apa hal terburuk yang bisa mereka lakukan?

Well,

Nah,

they might be hanged,

orang itu mungkin digantung,

but it was a particularly painful type of hanging,

tetapi cara menggantungnya sangat menyakitkan,

because rather than being dropped, Tata bahasa

sebab alih-alih dijatuhkan,

the person would be pulled up while his head was on the noose.

orang itu ditarik naik dengan leher terjerat tali.

He would be run up something called the yardarm, Catatan

Ia akan ditarik ke bagian yang disebut yardarm,

which was part of the timber cross section of the mast

yang merupakan bagian dari palang kayu pada tiang kapal

from where the sails are set.

tempat layar dipasang.

There was a case of hanging by the yardarm in 1860

Pada 1860, pernah terjadi hukuman gantung di yardarm

that happened to the Royal Marine John Dalinger on the HMS Leven.

terhadap Royal Marine John Dalinger di atas HMS Leven.

There was also cases where men were thrown overboard,

Ada pula kasus orang dilemparkan ke laut,

but in one infamous instance of this happening,

tetapi dalam satu peristiwa terkenal yang keji,

the men hadn't committed a crime.

orang-orang itu tidak melakukan kejahatan.

The crime was against them.

Justru merekalah yang menjadi korban kejahatan.

It's now known as the Zong Massacre, Budaya

Peristiwa itu kini dikenal sebagai Pembantaian Zong,

and 130 slaves were thrown overboard a British ship.

dan 130 budak dilemparkan dari kapal Inggris ke laut.

And then there's the punishment you might have all heard of from reading books or watching movies about pirates,

Ada pula hukuman yang mungkin pernah Anda dengar dari buku atau film tentang bajak laut,

and that's the ghastly treatment that involved having a man to walk the plank and into the ocean. Idiom

yaitu perlakuan mengerikan berupa memaksa seseorang berjalan di papan hingga jatuh ke laut.

Despite this being the most recognizable punishment in the era of pirates, Tata bahasa

Walaupun ini hukuman paling terkenal dari zaman bajak laut,

it's mostly a thing of fiction.

sebagian besar kisahnya hanyalah fiksi.

There have been some recorded instances,

Ada beberapa kejadian yang tercatat,

such as a mutineer in the 18th century confessing that he had made his officers walk the plank while blindfolded,

misalnya seorang pemberontak abad ke-18 mengaku telah memaksa para perwiranya berjalan di papan dengan mata tertutup,

but the details are sketchy on this, Pilihan kata

tetapi perinciannya tidak jelas,

and many believe that it never happened.

dan banyak orang percaya itu tidak pernah terjadi.

There are some instances that sound true and were reported in the newspapers of the day, Pilihan kata

Ada beberapa kisah yang terdengar nyata dan diberitakan surat kabar saat itu,

but walking the plank was certainly a rare thing to happen.

tetapi hukuman berjalan di papan jelas sangat jarang terjadi.

So now we come to keelhauling, Alur pesan

Sekarang kita sampai pada hukuman tarik lunas,

which definitely did happen,

yang benar-benar pernah dilakukan,

and you might argue was a worse punishment than any of the above.

dan bisa dibilang lebih buruk daripada semua hukuman di atas.

The keel of the ship is like the backbone of the ship. Idiom

Lunas kapal ibarat tulang punggung kapal.

It's the bottom part.

Itulah bagian terbawah kapal.

When someone is hauled under the keel, Budaya

Ketika seseorang ditarik melewati bawah lunas,

this is called keelhauling.

hal ini disebut hukuman tarik lunas.

That person might have been hauled with ropes from one side of the ship to the other,

Orang itu bisa ditarik dengan tali dari satu sisi kapal ke sisi lainnya,

or even worse,

atau lebih buruk lagi,

dragged the entire length of the ship

diseret sepanjang kapal,

from what are called the bow and the stern. Pilihan kata

dari bagian yang disebut haluan hingga buritan.

As you can imagine, Alur pesan

Seperti yang bisa Anda bayangkan,

this would be rather unpleasant,

hal itu pasti sangat tidak menyenangkan,

to say the least. Idiom

kalau mau diperhalus.

You might think,

Anda mungkin berpikir:

well, if the operation was short enough,

kalau prosesnya cukup singkat,

at least you could hold your breath and make it to the other side. Frasa

setidaknya Anda bisa menahan napas dan mencapai sisi lain.

You might then dry yourself off,

Setelah itu, Anda bisa mengeringkan tubuh,

issue some apologies,

meminta maaf,

and be back to work.

dan kembali bekerja.

That wasn't really the case, Alur pesan

Namun, kenyataannya tidak sesederhana itu,

though,

tentu saja,

because being bashed up against the ship was a painful affair.

sebab terbentur keras pada badan kapal sangatlah menyakitkan.

There was a good chance bones would be broken,

Tulang sangat mungkin patah,

or a head injury could mean the person was pulled up dead.

atau cedera kepala bisa membuat orang itu ditarik naik dalam keadaan tewas.

It was actually quite an extreme form of punishment,

Ini sebenarnya bentuk hukuman yang sangat ekstrem,

because the ships are generally not smooth on the surface of the hull,

sebab permukaan lambung kapal umumnya tidak mulus,

the part of the ship that floats in the water.

yaitu bagian kapal yang terapung di air.

These wooden ships' hulls were covered in barnacles,

Lambung kapal kayu tersebut dipenuhi teritip,

which are those ultra sharp crustaceans that stick to things.

krustasea sangat tajam yang menempel pada berbagai permukaan.

We are sure some of you have experienced slipping on a rock and being cut by these razor sharp things.

Kami yakin beberapa dari Anda pernah terpeleset di batu dan terluka oleh benda setajam pisau cukur ini.

Now imagine your body being hauled against them with pressure. Tata bahasa

Sekarang bayangkan tubuh Anda ditarik kuat-kuat melewati benda-benda itu.

The keelhauled man would be shredded all over his body,

Tubuh orang yang menjalani hukuman tarik lunas akan tercabik-cabik,

and he might come out looking like a victim of Freddy Krueger. Catatan

dan ketika keluar, ia mungkin tampak seperti korban Freddy Krueger.

It was a fate worse than marooning, Catatan

Nasib itu lebih buruk daripada ditinggalkan di pulau terpencil,

which is when pirates just left people to die on a deserted island.

yaitu ketika bajak laut membiarkan seseorang mati di pulau tak berpenghuni.

Jokingly, some pirates called this making someone the governor of an island. Idiom

Sebagai lelucon, sebagian bajak laut menyebutnya mengangkat seseorang menjadi gubernur sebuah pulau.

Back to keelhauling.

Kembali ke hukuman tarik lunas.

Sometimes weight was placed on the man,

Terkadang, beban dipasang pada tubuh orang itu,

so the people pulling him had more control of the movement of his body.

agar orang yang menariknya lebih mampu mengendalikan gerakan tubuhnya.

There was an upside and a downside to this. Frasa

Hal ini memiliki sisi baik dan sisi buruk.

He might have actually missed all those sharp barnacles if he went low enough, Tata bahasa

Jika tenggelam cukup dalam, ia mungkin berhasil menghindari semua teritip tajam itu,

but he might also have drowned.

tetapi ia juga bisa tenggelam dan tewas.

This punishment was rare,

Hukuman ini jarang dilakukan,

to say the least,

kalau mau diperhalus,

but there have been depictions of it in paintings going back to ancient times and the Middle Ages. Phrasal verb

tetapi penggambarannya ada dalam lukisan sejak zaman kuno dan Abad Pertengahan.

There is this picture that was sketched sometime in the 15th or 16th century England.

Ada gambar yang dibuat di Inggris sekitar abad ke-15 atau ke-16.

It was discussed in 1880 in British Parliament,

Gambar itu dibahas di Parlemen Inggris pada 1880,

when one politician asked the secretary to Admiralty about an instance of keelhauling that had been reported in Italian newspapers.

ketika seorang politikus bertanya kepada sekretaris Angkatan Laut mengenai kasus tarik lunas yang diberitakan surat kabar Italia.

It allegedly happened on the HMS Alexandra, Pilihan kata

Konon, peristiwa itu terjadi di HMS Alexandra,

but the Navy denied it had ever happened.

tetapi Angkatan Laut menyangkal bahwa hal tersebut pernah terjadi.

There is also a well-known painting that's called The Keelhauling of the Ship's Surgeon of Admiral Jan van Nyssen.

Ada pula lukisan terkenal berjudul Hukuman Tarik Lunas terhadap Dokter Bedah Kapal Laksamana Jan van Nyssen.

The event happened on a stationary ship in front of many spectators,

Peristiwa itu terjadi di kapal yang diam di hadapan banyak penonton,

but it seems the punishment was never supposed to kill the offender, Tata bahasa

tetapi tampaknya hukuman tersebut tidak pernah dimaksudkan untuk membunuh pelanggar,

but only act as a warning to others who thought about not towing the line, Catatan

melainkan hanya memperingatkan orang lain yang berniat tidak mengikuti garis,

pun intended.

permainan kata itu disengaja.

That expression is a reference from the Navy.

Ungkapan tersebut berasal dari Angkatan Laut.

Historians have written that keelhauling did happen in the Dutch Navy.

Sejarawan menulis bahwa hukuman tarik lunas memang dilakukan di Angkatan Laut Belanda.

They described as we have,

Mereka menggambarkannya seperti yang telah kami jelaskan,

saying that the man was lowered on pulleys and ropes into the water, Frasa

yakni orang itu diturunkan ke air dengan katrol dan tali,

and weights were attached to him.

lalu beban dipasang pada tubuhnya.

He was then pulled back up the other side of the ship.

Kemudian ia ditarik naik dari sisi lain kapal.

Although it's also written that he might have been given some time to get his breath back, Frasa

Ada pula catatan bahwa ia mungkin diberi waktu untuk mengatur napas,

and then it started again.

lalu hukuman dimulai lagi.

This was apparently much more severe in the winter

Hukuman ini tampaknya jauh lebih berat pada musim dingin,

when the water was freezing cold,

ketika air terasa membekukan,

and severe injury could happen due to the man hitting his head.

dan orang itu bisa terluka parah akibat kepalanya terbentur.

It wasn't supposed to be a death sentence,

Hukuman itu tidak dimaksudkan sebagai hukuman mati,

though.

meskipun demikian.

In the case of this keelhauling,

Dalam kasus tarik lunas ini,

it was under the command of a 17th century Dutch admiral named Jan van Nyssen. Frasa

perintahnya datang dari laksamana Belanda abad ke-17 bernama Jan van Nyssen.

We just can't find any resource

Kami sama sekali tidak dapat menemukan sumber

that tells us what the guilty surgeon had done to deserve this wicked treatment.

yang menjelaskan kesalahan dokter bedah itu hingga pantas menerima perlakuan sekeji ini.

Keelhauling is described in a book called A Relation of Two Several Voyages made into the East Indies,

Hukuman tarik lunas dijelaskan dalam buku berjudul A Relation of Two Several Voyages made into the East Indies,

that was published in 1700.

yang diterbitkan pada 1700.

Again,

Sekali lagi,

it's the Dutch that did

orang Belandalah yang melakukan

it. Here's an excerpt from that book.

hal itu. Berikut kutipan dari buku tersebut.

He that strikes an officer or master of the ship Tata bahasa

Orang yang memukul perwira atau nakhoda kapal

is without hopes of pardon Pilihan kata

tidak memiliki harapan untuk diampuni

to be thrown into the sea,

dan akan dilemparkan ke laut,

fastened by a rope,

dengan tubuh terikat tali,

with which he is thrown in on one side of the ship,

yang digunakan untuk melemparkannya dari satu sisi kapal

and drawn up again on the other. Phrasal verb

dan menariknya kembali dari sisi lainnya.

And so three times together he is drawn round the keel of the ship.

Dengan demikian, ia ditarik mengelilingi lunas kapal tiga kali berturut-turut.

In the doing of which,

Saat melakukannya,

if they should chance not to allow rope enough to let him sink below the keel, Tata bahasa

jika kebetulan tali yang diberikan tidak cukup panjang untuk membuatnya tenggelam di bawah lunas,

the malefactor might have his brains knocked out. Pilihan kata

kepala penjahat itu bisa remuk.

It sounds like the lower the man sank, Tata bahasa

Tampaknya semakin dalam orang itu tenggelam,

the better his chances were of keeping his head intact and not being sliced by barnacles.

semakin besar peluangnya menjaga kepala tetap utuh dan tidak teriris teritip.

There are other cases of keelhauling that were described in the journal of Dutch admiral named Maarten Harpertszoon Tromp.

Kasus tarik lunas lainnya dijelaskan dalam jurnal Laksamana Belanda Maarten Harpertszoon Tromp.

In 1639,

Pada 1639,

he described something similar to the above.

ia menggambarkan kejadian yang mirip dengan penjelasan di atas.

In the 18th century,

Pada abad ke-18,

a piece of writing by an Englishman said,

sebuah tulisan karya orang Inggris menyebutkan:

"The English don't do it,

«Orang Inggris tidak melakukannya,

but the French do.

tetapi orang Prancis melakukannya.

One instance is described when a French sailor went around the ship five times."

Ada satu kasus ketika seorang pelaut Prancis ditarik mengelilingi kapal sebanyak lima kali.»

It was published in November of 1869,

Tulisan itu diterbitkan pada November 1869,

in a publication called Onward Magazine.

dalam terbitan bernama Onward Magazine.

The person who witnessed this and wrote about it

Orang yang menyaksikan dan menuliskan kejadian tersebut

said the sailor had injuries of the most serious nature, Pilihan kata

mengatakan bahwa pelaut itu pasti mengalami cedera paling serius,

or death itself,

atau bahkan kematian,

certain of being the result.

sebagai akibatnya.

Ah, matey. Pilihan kata

Ah, kawan.

Now that you've gotten through this video,

Sekarang setelah Anda menuntaskan video ini,

let's stick together and watch another.

mari tetap bersama dan menonton video lainnya.

We've picked two for you,

Kami sudah memilihkan dua untuk Anda,

so choose this one over here

jadi pilih yang di sebelah sini

or this video here.

atau video yang ini.

Pick now,

Pilih sekarang,

or you might end up keelhauling yourself. Phrasal verb

atau Anda mungkin harus menghukum diri sendiri dengan tarik lunas.

Just kidding. Maksud

Hanya bercanda.

Or are we?

Atau jangan-jangan tidak?