种植2000万棵树会带来怎样的真正影响：英语精读讲义

Trees,

树木，

growers of fruits, spices, and nuts,

水果、香料和坚果的孕育者，

generators of shade,

阴凉的制造者，

home to birds, squirrels, koalas, 短語搭配

鸟类、松鼠和考拉的家园，

front-line soldiers in the fight against climate change, 習語

对抗气候变化的前线战士，

you bet. 語氣意圖

绝对如此。

Today, we're doing something a little different

今天，我们要做点与往常不同的事，

and talking about teamtrees.org's mission of planting 20 million new trees by 2020,

来谈谈 teamtrees.org 在2020年前种植2000万棵新树的使命，

where every donation of $1 equals 1 tree.

在那里，每捐赠1美元就等于种下1棵树。

You might be asking yourself, 短語搭配

你可能会问自己，

"What would planting 20 million new trees do for the planet?"

“种2000万棵新树对地球有什么好处？”

Let's take a look at just how huge an impact each donation on Team Trees will make. 短語搭配

让我们来看看，在 Team Trees 上的每一笔捐款会产生多大的影响。

A wide variety of organisms from lichen to bees to possums call trees home. 短語搭配

从地衣到蜜蜂再到负鼠，各种各样的生物都以树木为家。

And just one single mature oak tree can be home to as many as 500 different species. 語法

单单是一棵成熟的橡树，就能成为多达500个不同物种的家园。

The Earth is rapidly losing species.

地球正迅速丧失物种。

We're in the middle of a mass extinction, 短語搭配

我们正处于一场大规模灭绝之中，

and without trees for them to call home,

如果没有树木作为它们的家，

many more animals will be at risk for extinction. 短語搭配

更多的动物将面临灭绝的危险。

Many animals require trees as a place to live,

许多动物需要树木作为居住地、

to feed, and to provide protection.

觅食地，并为它们提供保护。

So, planting just one tree is like building a house,

所以，只种一棵树就等于同时建了一座房子、

feeder, and nursery, all at once. 短語搭配

一个喂食器和一个托儿所。

Donating $20 to plant 20 trees is like building an entire animal city.

捐助20美元种20棵树，就等于建了一座完整的动物城市。

Multiply that by a million,

把这个数字乘上一百万，

and we're talking about a super metropolis of biodiverse animal life.

我们就相当于建起了一个生物多样性的动物超级大都会。

Study after study shows that spending time in a grove of trees or forest can provide emotional rejuvenation. 表達脈絡

一项又一项的研究表明，在树丛或森林中度过一段时间可以让人在情感上恢复活力。

It can improve your mood,

它能改善你的情绪，

create a sense of peace while reducing stress, depression, and anger.

创造一种内心的宁静，同时减轻压力、抑郁和愤怒。

The Japanese even have a word for this,

日本人甚至有一个专门的词来形容它，

shinrin-yoku, or forest bathing. 文化背景

森林浴（shinrin-yoku）。

The effect of trees is not only emotional,

树木的影响不仅在情感上，

but physical.

也在身体上。

Studies have shown that being among trees reduces blood pressure as well as lessens stress-related hormones such as cortisol and adrenaline.

研究表明，置身于树木之中可以降低血压，并减少与压力相关的荷尔蒙，如皮质醇和肾上腺素。

So, basically, trees make you happy.

所以，基本上，树木能让你快乐。

Plenty of scientific research has shown that happier people commit less crimes, 語法

大量的科学研究表明，更快乐的人犯罪率更低，

especially violent ones.

特别是暴力犯罪。

We think a grove of even just a few trees would be pretty nice.

我们认为，即使只有几棵树的小树丛也是非常好的。

20 million new trees would mean potentially thousands of new groves,

2000万棵新树可能意味着数千个新树林，

which means millions of people able to take regular forest baths,

这意味着数以百万计的人能够定期进行森林浴，

increasing happiness and reducing crime.

从而增加幸福感并减少犯罪。

You'd be a regular crime fighter,

你会成为一名打击犯罪的常客，

all thanks to the trees you helped plant. 短語搭配

这都要归功于你帮助种下的树木。

Trees reduce air temperature through blocking sunlight and creating shade.

树木通过阻挡阳光和制造阴凉来降低气温。

Trees also help to cool by reflecting heat upwards from their leaves.

树木还能通过树叶将热量向上反射来帮助降温。

Further cooling occurs when moisture evaporates from the surface of the leaves,

当水分从树叶表面蒸发时，会进一步降温，

just like the way your body cools down by sweating.

就像你的身体通过出汗降温一样。

Trees can cool down an area by a lot, 短語動詞

树木可以让一个地区的温度大幅降低，

and we're not talking just a couple of degrees. 表達脈絡

而且我们说的可不止几度而已。

Urban neighborhoods with mature trees can be up to 11 degrees cooler in summer heat than neighborhoods without trees.

在炎热的夏天，有成熟树木的城市街区可以比没有树木的街区低11度左右。

Just think about the difference between a miserably hot 90-degree day and a warm comfortable 79 degrees. 語法

试想一下，痛苦炎热的90度和温暖舒适的79度之间的区别。

Trees can also cool down buildings,

树木也可以冷却建筑物，

limiting the need for air conditioning, 短語搭配

减少对空调的需求，

which has the added benefit of helping to conserve energy. 短語搭配

这还有助于节约能源的额外好处。

Studies have shown that shade from strategically planted trees can reduce the air conditioning costs of buildings by 20% to 30%.

研究表明，战略性种植树木产生的阴凉可以降低建筑空调成本达20%到30%。

Just think,

试想一下，

if an average home has a cooling power bill of around $100 per month in the summer, 語法

如果一个普通家庭在夏季每月的降温电费约为100美元，

and if 10 trees were planted around that same house,

而如果在同一个房子周围种了10棵树，

then 30% could be saved.

就能节省30%的费用。

And that means 20 million trees planted around homes could save $60 million in energy costs.

这意味着在房屋周围种植2000万棵树可以节省6000万美元的能源成本。

So,

所以，

if you can't donate to this particular cause,

如果你不能向这个特定的活动捐款，

please consider planting a few trees around your house.

请考虑在你的房子周围种几棵树。

Not only will they be a beautiful addition, 語法

它们不仅是一道美丽的风景，

but they might even save your future self some money on your power bill.

甚至可能为你将来省下一些电费。

Trees are ideal for use as sound barriers because they reduce sound in two ways. 短語搭配

树木是理想的隔音屏障，因为它们通过两种方式降低噪音。

First,

首先，

they absorb the sound since thick branches and leaves are great at absorbing high-frequency noise.

它们吸收声音，因为粗壮的枝叶能很好地吸收高频噪音。

Secondly,

其次，

trees deflect sound.

树木能偏转声音。

When a sound hits a rigid material,

当声音击中坚硬的材料时，

it bounces back. 短語動詞

它会反弹回来。

When a sound hits flexible material such as branches,

当声音击中柔性材料（如树枝）时，

the material vibrates and the sound is transformed into other forms of energy. 語法

材料会振动，声音被转化为其他形式的能量。

A thick row of trees can block as much as 15 decibels of sound.

一排茂密的树木可以阻挡多达15分贝的声音。

That's almost like wearing a pair of earplugs,

这几乎就像戴了一副耳塞，

but you have something beautiful to look at instead of uncomfortable foam in your ears.

但你有美丽的东西可以看，而不是耳朵里塞着不舒服的海绵。

The root system of trees holds soil in place during heavy rainstorms, 短語搭配

树木的根系在暴雨期间能够固定土壤，

preventing erosion, flooding, and mudslides,

防止水土流失、洪水和泥石流，

keeping people and buildings safe.

保障人员和建筑的安全。

Trees improve water quality, too,

树木还能改善水质，

as their root systems help to filter impurities and retain water within the soil.

因为它们的根系有助于过滤杂质并保持土壤中的水分。

This allows for water tables to be recharged with less water ultimately ending up in sewers 短語動詞

这使地下水位得到补给，最终流入下水道的水量更少，

and diminishing the amount of storm water carrying pollutants to the ocean.

并减少携带污染物进入海洋的雨水径流量。

A single 100-foot tall tree can take as much as 11,000 gallons of water out of the soil during its growing season,

一棵100英尺高的树在生长季节能从土壤中吸收多达1.1万加仑的水，

releasing the water as healthy oxygen and clean water vapor.

并将其以健康的氧气和清洁的水蒸气形式释放出来。

That means 20 million trees could filter a staggering 220 billion gallons. 用詞

这意味着2000万棵树可以过滤惊人的2200亿加仑水。

That's enough to fill more than 300,000 Olympic swimming pools.

这足以填满超过30万个奥运会标准游泳池。

Humans inhale oxygen and exhale carbon dioxide.

人类吸入氧气，呼出二氧化碳。

Trees do exactly the opposite by absorbing and storing carbon dioxide during photosynthesis, 短語搭配

树木则恰恰相反，它们在光合作用中吸收和储存二氧化碳，

which produces and releases oxygen as a byproduct. 用詞

并产生和释放氧气作为副产品。

Excess carbon dioxide is building up in our atmosphere,

过量的二氧化碳正在我们的大气中积聚，

strengthening the greenhouse effect and contributing to global warming.

加剧温室效应，并导致全球变暖。

The more trees the Earth has, 語法

地球上的树木越多，

the more carbon dioxide is absorbed and mitigated.

吸收和减缓的二氧化碳就越多。

The amount of oxygen produced by a tree depends on several factors, 表達脈絡

一棵树产生的氧气量取决于几个因素，

including the species of tree,

包括树的种类、

its health, and the ambient temperature.

它的健康状况和环境温度。

However,

不过，

some typical calculations are that a single mature tree can absorb carbon dioxide at a rate of 48 pounds per year 短語搭配

一些典型的计算表明，一棵成熟的树每年能以48磅的速度吸收二氧化碳，

and release enough oxygen back into the atmosphere to support two humans.

并向大气中释放足够的氧气来维持两个人类的呼吸。

1 acre of trees annually consumes the same amount of carbon dioxide equivalent to driving an average car for 26,000 miles.

1英亩的树木每年消耗的二氧化碳量，相当于一辆普通汽车行驶2.6万英里排放的量。

If we assume that an acre has roughly 300 trees,

如果我们假设一英亩大约有300棵树，

then 20 million new trees could consume the carbon dioxide equivalent of a new car driving over 1.7 billion miles annually.

那么2000万棵新树每年消耗的二氧化碳量，相当于一辆新车行驶超过17亿英里。

Last but not least, 表達脈絡

最后但同样重要的是，

in addition to carbon dioxide, 短語搭配

除了二氧化碳，

trees absorb other potentially harmful pollutants such as sulfur dioxide and carbon monoxide.

树木还吸收其他潜在的有害污染物，如二氧化硫和一氧化碳。

The canopies of trees act as a physical filter, 短語搭配

树木的树冠充当了物理过滤器，

trapping particulates of dust, pollen, smoke, and smog.

拦截灰尘、花粉、烟雾和雾霾的微粒。

A single mature tree removes up to 2.2 pounds every year,

一棵成熟的树木每年能清除多达2.2磅的微粒，

which means 20 million could remove up to 44 million pounds.

这意味着2000万棵树可以清除多达4400万磅。

And that's not all. 表達脈絡

这还不是全部。

Studies have also shown that the dust level in the air can be as much as 75% lower on the sheltered side of a tree as compared to the windward side. 講解

研究还表明，树木背风面的空气含尘量可以比迎风面低多达75%。

No one,

没有人，

and we mean no one, 表達脈絡

我们是说真的没有人，

likes dust in the air.

喜欢空气中的灰尘。

So,

所以，

do yourself and your neighbors a favor and plant some trees or donate a few dollars to teamtrees.org 短語搭配

帮你自己和邻居一个忙，种几棵树或捐几美元给 teamtrees.org，

and clean the air for yourself and generations to come. 短語搭配

为你自己和子孙后代净化空气。

In July of 2019,

在2019年7月，

a Swiss study stated that if we plant enough trees,

一项瑞士的研究指出，如果我们种植足够多的树木，

we can stop or at least put a serious dent in climate change, 習語

我们就能阻止或者至少大幅削弱气候变化的影响，

which is why we're committed to helping teamtrees.org's mission to plant 20 million new trees by 2020.

这就是为什么我们致力于帮助 teamtrees.org 实现在2020年前种植2000万棵新树的使命。

The Infographics Show is getting involved, 短語搭配

The Infographics Show 已经参与其中，

and you should too.

你也应该参与。

Every donation of $1 equals a new tree planted.

每捐献1美元就等于种下一棵新树。

So,

所以，

become part of something huge with real benefits

加入这个带来实际利益的伟大事业吧，

and show the world that the YouTube community can come together and do something incredible. 短語動詞

向世界展示 YouTube 社区可以团结起来，做一些不可思议的事情。

So, what are you waiting for? 語氣意圖

所以，你还在等什么？

Get out there and be part of the movement to plant 20 million new trees by going to teamtrees.org. 講解

行动起来，访问 teamtrees.org，成为种植2000万棵新树运动的一部分。

And if you can't donate yourself,

如果你无法亲自捐款，

share this and other videos,

那就分享这个视频和其他视频，

and let's get your mom, dad, aunt, best friend, and everyone else involved. 語法

让你的妈妈、爸爸、阿姨、最好的朋友和其他所有人都参与进来吧。