朝鲜人如何看待美国？：英语精读讲义

With a closed media and a fierce propaganda program, 語法

凭借封闭的媒体和猛烈的宣传计划，

North Korea might be considered to be a nation gripped in fear of the outside world. 語法

朝鲜可能会被认为是一个被对外部世界的恐惧所笼罩的国家。

But what do these people think about the outside world

但是，这些人怎么看待外部世界，

and in particular the USA?

特别是美国呢？

Relations have been tense between the two nations since the ceasefire of the Korean War in 1953. 語法

自1953年朝鲜战争停火以来，两国之间的关系一直很紧张。

But does this historic tension filter down to the common man and woman on the streets in North Korea? 講解

但这种历史性的紧张关系，是否也渗透到了朝鲜街头的普通民众中？

This is what we will be exploring as we look at the history between the two decades-long enemies

这就是我们将要探索的内容，我们将回顾这两个几十年宿敌的历史，

and how current events might change the course the political future seems to be heading in.

以及时事如何可能改变看似已定的政治未来走向。

In today's episode of the Infographics Show,

在今天这一期的 Infographics Show 中，

we look at what do North Koreans think of America?

我们来看看朝鲜人怎么看待美国？

While most of those who live in Eastern civilization live in a collective society,

生活在东方文明中的人大多处于一个集体主义社会，

those from the West live in an individual society.

而来自西方的人则生活在一个个人主义社会。

Perhaps nowhere on the planet can we witness the extremes of collective and individual society 語法

也许在地球上，再没有哪个地方能像

as in the People's Republic of North Korea and the United States of America.

朝鲜人民共和国和美利坚合众国这样，让我们看到集体和个人社会的极端对比。

Collectivism puts an emphasis on the cohesiveness among individuals 短語搭配

集体主义强调个人之间的凝聚力，

to the extent that the group is more important than the individual. 語法

甚至认为群体比个人更重要。

Collective societies work together towards a common understood aim.

集体主义社会为着一个公认的共同目标而共同努力。

Individualism, on the other hand, 表達脈絡

另一方面，个人主义

puts the worth on the individual.

则把价值放在个人身上。

This ideology believes that the individual's rights and beliefs should come before the rights of the state or social group. 短語動詞

这种意识形态认为，个人的权利和信仰应该凌驾于国家或社会群体的权利之上。

When understanding Eastern and Western civilization,

在理解东西方文明时，

it is important to make this distinction first and foremost. 短語搭配

首要的就是做出这种区分。

In 1910, Korea was annexed by Japan. 用詞

1910年，朝鲜半岛被日本吞并。

After the Japanese surrendered towards the end of the Second World War,

在二战末期日本投降后，

Korea was divided into the North occupied by the Soviet Union

朝鲜半岛被划分为由苏联占领的北部

and the South occupied by the USA.

和由美国占领的南部。

The two sides were unable to rejoin as a nation

双方无法重新统一为一个国家，

and in 1948, separate governments were assembled.

并于1948年组建了各自的政府。

North Korea invaded the South in 1950

朝鲜在1950年入侵韩国，

and a 3-year war followed until both sides agreed on a ceasefire. 文化背景

随后爆发了长达三年的战争，直到双方同意停火。

North Korea calls itself a self-reliant socialist state and has formal elections.

朝鲜称自己是一个自力更生的社会主义国家，并举行正式选举。

State-run enterprises and collectivized farms are the means of the country's production.

国有企业和集体农庄是该国的生产方式。

Healthcare, education, housing, and food production are state-funded.

医疗、教育、住房和粮食生产都是国家资助的。

Following the election of President George W. Bush in 2001, the US considered North Korea a rogue state 用詞

2001年乔治·W·布什总统当选后，美国将朝鲜视为流氓国家，

as the North Koreans worked hard at acquiring nuclear weapons.

因为朝鲜人正努力获取核武器。

By the first term of President Barack Obama,

到了巴拉克·奥巴马总统的第一任期，

a policy of strategic patience was adopted. 文化背景

美国采取了“战略耐心”政策。

North Korea's supreme leader Kim Jong-il died of a heart attack

朝鲜最高领导人金正日死于心脏病发作，

on December 17th, 2011

时间是2011年12月17日，

and was swiftly succeeded by his youngest son Kim Jong-un. 用詞

他的小儿子金正恩迅速继任。

On June 12th, 2018,

2018年6月12日，

Kim Jong-un met with US President Donald Trump in Singapore.

金正恩在新加坡会见了美国总统唐纳德·特朗普。

This summit, along with an earlier meeting

这次峰会，连同早些时候

between North and South Korean premiers on the militarized border,

朝韩两国领导人在军事边界上的会晤，

was considered internationally as a firm step towards peace 習語

在国际上被视为朝着和平迈出了坚实的一步，

between North Korea, South Korea, and the USA.

在朝鲜、韩国和美国之间。

The North Korean government censors art and media,

朝鲜政府审查艺术和媒体，

but Western films are available at private showings

但在私下放映时，西方电影是向

to high-ranking party members

高级党员开放的，

and certain Western films are allowed to be viewed.

而且某些西方电影是允许被观看的。

Titanic, for example,

比如《泰坦尼克号》，

is often viewed by university students as an example of Western culture.

常常被大学生作为西方文化的范例来观看。

Also, it is key to note that many more Western films 表達脈絡

此外，值得注意的是，更多的西方电影

are smuggled through as DVDs or aired by border TV and radio stations.

是通过DVD走私进来，或是通过边境电视台和广播电台播出的。

So much of what North Koreans think about America comes from three sources. 表達脈絡

所以，朝鲜人对美国的看法很大程度上来自三个渠道。

One, from what the government tells and teaches them.

一，来自政府告诉和教导他们的东西。

Two, from what they see on television and hear on radio.

二，来自他们在电视上看到和收音机里听到的东西。

And three, from what they experienced themselves from the 1950s

三，来自他们自己在20世纪50年代的亲身经历，

or what the elder generations tell them about Americans during the conflict.

或者老一辈人在冲突期间告诉他们关于美国人的事情。

So what do most North Koreans think about the West

那么大多数朝鲜人是如何看待西方，

and in particular the United States?

特别是美国的呢？

Well, many North Koreans assume North Americans have lots of guns,

嗯，很多朝鲜人认为北美有很多枪，

probably owing to the smuggled television shows and movies they get to see. 短語搭配

这可能归功于他们看到的那些走私进来的电视节目和电影。

Many think Americans are all gun owners.

很多人认为美国人人手一把枪。

Many North Koreans also assume that all Americans are rich,

许多朝鲜人还认为所有的美国人都有钱，

live in big houses, and drive expensive cars.

住大房子，开名贵汽车。

Americans will hold hands and kiss on a first date,

美国人会在初次约会时牵手和接吻，

which is not the done thing in a collective Asian society. 習語

这在传统的亚洲集体社会中是不可思议的。

And Americans are so individual that families might split the bill at a restaurant, 短語搭配

而且美国人非常注重个人主义，甚至一家人在餐馆吃饭也会分开结账，

unheard of in the collective East. 用詞

这在崇尚集体的东方是闻所未闻的。

How much of all this is put together from watching TV shows, 短語動詞

这其中有多少是因为看电视节目而拼凑出来的印象，

we'll let you decide. 語氣意圖

我们留给你来判断。

Although in the past the North Korean government had declared that the USA is one of the country's enemies,

尽管过去朝鲜政府曾宣布美国是该国的敌人之一，

many of North Korea's citizens don't feel that way nowadays.

但如今许多朝鲜公民并不这么认为。

According to an article first published in the North Korea News,

根据首发于《朝鲜新闻》的一篇文章，

many people in North Korea's towns despise the Japanese,

朝鲜城镇的许多人鄙视日本人，

but don't really hate Americans.

但并不是真正讨厌美国人。

The North Korean regime lectures the people about its chosen ideologies,

朝鲜政权向民众灌输其选择的意识形态，

but doesn't succeed in totally brainwashing its people when it comes to the USA. 短語搭配

但在涉及美国的问题上，并没有成功地对民众进行完全洗脑。

The elder generations who experienced the Korean War

经历过朝鲜战争的老一辈

are aware that the US didn't commit the terrible war crimes 短語搭配

清楚美国并没有犯下那些可怕的战争罪行，

that the current North Korean regime claims they did.

那些现今朝鲜政权声称他们犯下的罪行。

Some of the propaganda stories are horrific.

一些宣传故事令人毛骨悚然。

There are stories of US soldiers tearing off the limbs of North Koreans. 短語動詞

有故事说美国士兵撕裂朝鲜人的四肢。

They would cut out the eyes, rip off the noses,

他们会挖出眼睛，割掉鼻子，

and routinely hang North Koreans naked on trees.

还会经常把朝鲜人赤身裸体地挂在树上。

These older North Koreans who were there at the time

而当时在场的那些年长的朝鲜人

recall American soldiers treating the women and children well

回忆说，美国士兵对妇女和儿童很好，

and even gifting the children with chocolate and snacks, 短語搭配

甚至会给孩子们赠送巧克力和零食，

according to one news source.

这是根据一家新闻来源的说法。

And then there is the unbeatable power of television. 表達脈絡

再有就是电视那无与伦比的力量。

As mentioned before, American action movies are popular,

如前所述，美国动作片很受欢迎，

although illegal in North Korea. 語法

尽管这在朝鲜是非法的。

When was the last time you saw the Americans playing the bad guys in an international thriller? 用詞

你上一次看到美国人在国际惊悚片中扮演坏人是什么时候？

Some of the most popular movie franchises in the People's Republic are the James Bond series,

在朝鲜人民共和国最受欢迎的一些系列电影是《007》系列、

Mission Impossible, and Home Alone.

《碟中谍》和《小鬼当家》。

North Koreans love to watch the adventures of American heroes.

朝鲜人喜欢看美国英雄的冒险故事。

They also dig all the high-tech pageantry 用詞

他们也很喜欢所有那些高科技的华丽场面，

as these are beyond the normal reach of the average North Korean. 習語

因为这些是普通朝鲜人平时接触不到的。

North Korean schools teach that those who saved their country are true heroes

朝鲜的学校教导说，拯救他们国家的人是真正的英雄，

and are taught about the importance of the everyday hero.

并教导他们日常英雄的重要性。

However, such dreams can never be realized in their patriarchal, collective, and communist society.

然而，这样的梦想在他们父权制、集体主义和共产主义的社会中是永远无法实现的。

The individual overcoming repression as an entertainment medium

个人克服压迫作为一种娱乐媒介，

is a concept people understand and enjoy all across the world,

是全世界人民都能理解和喜欢的一个概念，

no matter what society they have been brought up in. 講解

无论他们在什么样的社会中长大。

Although most North Korean kids have never laid eyes on an American in person, 習語

尽管大多数朝鲜孩子从未亲眼见过美国人，

there is a museum in the town of Sinchon

但在信川镇有一个博物馆，

that focuses on North Korean/American history.

专门展示朝鲜与美国的历史。

The Sinchon Museum of American War Atrocities shows Americans as sinister missionaries,

信川美国战争罪行博物馆将美国人展示为阴险的传教士、

vicious soldiers, and experts of evil torture.

邪恶的士兵和残忍酷刑的专家。

This temple of anti-Americanism is open all spring and summer 習語

这座反美主义的殿堂在春夏两季全天开放，

when school children are escorted on field trips

届时学童们会被护送去进行实地考察，

to receive a healthy dose of hatred for the good old USA. 講解

让他们饱尝对“老好美国”的仇恨。

The 1950 to 1953 Korean War ended with a ceasefire,

1950至1953年的朝鲜战争以停火告终，

but the war still has a place firmly in the hearts of many of the North Koreans.

但这场战争在许多朝鲜人心中仍牢牢占据着一席之地。

Many Americans refer to the conflict as the forgotten war, 文化背景

许多美国人将这场冲突称为被遗忘的战争，

but the war figures deeply in the propaganda and identity of North Korea as a nation. 用詞

但这场战争在朝鲜作为一个国家的宣传和身份认同中扮演着深远的角色。

It is thought and hoped that as new recent international relations 語法

人们认为也希望，随着近期新的国际关系，

between the North and South are strengthened,

也就是朝韩关系得到加强，

these sentiments will change.

这些情绪将会改变。

During the 2018 Winter Olympics opening ceremony,

在2018年冬奥会开幕式上，

both North and South Koreans marched under a united flag.

朝鲜和韩国在统一旗帜下行进。

And later in the year,

而在当年的晚些时候，

North Korean leader Kim Jong-un and the South Korean president Moon Jae-in

朝鲜领导人金正恩和韩国总统文在寅

shook hands after 65 years of animosity.

在长达65年的敌对之后握手。

The two met at the militarized border

两人在军事边界会面，

and the photographs of the event spread around the world,

该事件的照片传遍了世界，

offering new hope for better relations between the two nations.

为两国间更好的关系提供了新的希望。

So, how do you think this newfound relationship with North Korea

那么，你认为这种与朝鲜和世界

and the world will work out? 短語動詞

新建立的关系将如何发展？

Was Donald Trump right to meet with Kim Jong-un in Singapore?

唐纳德·特朗普在新加坡会见金正恩是正确的吗？

And how do you think the average North Korean sees America in light of these new events? 短語搭配

鉴于这些新事件，你认为普通的朝鲜人是如何看待美国的呢？

Let us know your thoughts in the comments.

请在评论区告诉我们你的想法。

Also, be sure to check out our other video called USA versus North Korea,

另外，一定要去看看我们的另一个视频，叫做《美国对朝鲜，

who would win.

谁会赢》。

Thanks for watching.

感谢观看。

And as always, don't forget to like, share, and subscribe.

像往常一样，别忘了点赞、分享和订阅。

See you next time.

下次见。