你本不该看这个视频：英语精读讲义

As humans we have a strong need to feel like the masters of our own fate 習語

作为人类，我们强烈需要感觉自己能主宰自己的命运

and when your freedom of choice is threatened 短語搭配

而当你的选择自由受到威胁时

it creates an arousal in the body and brain

身体和大脑就会进入一种兴奋状态

and the motivation to react

并产生作出反应的动力

ultimately compelling you to do things you're told not to do 語法

最终驱使你去做那些别人不让你做的事

like watching this video.

比如观看这个视频。

Let's try a little thought experiment. 用詞

我们来做个小小的思想实验。

Please don't think about a white bear right now. 文化背景

现在请不要去想一只白熊。

Oops, you're probably thinking about one.

糟糕，你现在可能已经想到它了。

Studies that give participants the same instructions

给参与者同样指示的研究

and have them think out loud for 5 minutes 短語搭配

会让他们连续5分钟把脑中所想说出来

find that on average the white bear appears in their thoughts

结果发现，平均而言，白熊会出现在他们的思绪中

not only at the onset of the experiment 語法

不仅在实验刚开始时会出现

but once every minute.

而且每分钟都会出现一次。

This automatic compulsion manifests in more concrete ways as well 短語搭配

这种不由自主的冲动也会以更具体的方式表现出来

like the literary world

比如在文学界

where the attempted banning of books has often led to them being more successful. 語法

试图封禁书籍，往往反而让这些书取得更大成功。

Seriously, books like The Great Gatsby,

说真的，像《了不起的盖茨比》、

Catcher in the Rye

《麦田里的守望者》

and To Kill a Mockingbird

和《杀死一只知更鸟》这样的书

are some of the most frequently banned books in the world 文化背景

都是世界上最常遭到封禁的书籍之一

yet some of the most successful. 表達脈絡

却也都是最成功的作品之一。

So why can't we help ourselves? 習語

所以，我们为什么就是忍不住呢？

The impulse comes from the perception that we're losing our freedom

这种冲动源于我们觉得自己正在失去自由

and is a psychological behavior called reactance. 用詞

它是一种被称为“心理抗拒”的心理行为。

Have you ever been told you couldn't have something 語法

有没有人曾告诉你，某样东西你不能拥有

only to realize that it made you want it more 語法

结果你发现，这反而让你更想要它

when in the first place you never even really wanted it? 短語搭配

尽管你一开始其实根本就不想要？

A classic example is the limitation of alcohol consumption.

一个经典例子是对饮酒的限制。

In the late '80s when the US increased the legal drinking age to 21 文化背景

20世纪80年代末，美国将法定饮酒年龄提高到21岁时

a study of thousands of people found that those affected by the new law 語法

一项针对数千人的研究发现，受新法律影响的人

had higher than expected alcohol consumption 語法

酒精摄入量比预期更高

compared to their legal age counterparts.

也高于那些已达到法定饮酒年龄的人。

Studies have even found that there is an increased interest in entertainment programming

研究甚至发现，人们对娱乐节目的兴趣会增加

when it begins with a warning

如果节目一开始就出现这样的警告：

viewer discretion is advised. 文化背景

“请观众自行斟酌观看。”

Our curiosity is a powerful force

我们的好奇心是一股强大的力量

which has led to the successful rise of clickbait on the internet.

正是它让网络上的“点击诱饵”迅速走红。

Titles like a wealthy person lost all their money

“一位富豪失去了所有钱财，

you won't believe what happened next 表達脈絡

接下来发生的事你绝对想不到”之类的标题

gives you essential information

会告诉你一些关键信息

but leaves a gap in the knowledge

却故意留下一块信息空白

that you must fulfill.

让你非得把它填上。

Known as the information gap theory 用詞

这就是所谓的“信息缺口理论”

we're primed to want to fill in the blanks. 講解

我们会本能地想填补这些空白。

This taps into our psychological and physiological response. 短語動詞

这正好利用了我们的心理和生理反应。

In fact, studies measuring pupil arousal show that if you're more emotionally aroused from a headline 語法

事实上，通过瞳孔变化测量唤醒程度的研究表明，一个标题越能激起你的情绪

you're more likely to click it

你就越有可能点击它

and we put up with clickbait because well sometimes it works. 短語動詞

而我们之所以容忍点击诱饵，是因为，嗯，它有时确实管用。

Sometimes we get the satisfaction and release of dopamine we wanted

有时，我们会获得想要的满足感，多巴胺也随之释放

by satiating our desire to fill in the information gap 短語搭配

因为我们填补信息空白的欲望得到了满足

which makes your desire to click next time even stronger.

这会让你下一次更想点进去。

In the same way when we disobey rules 表達脈絡

同样，当我们违反规则时

we can also find pleasure and a surge of dopamine 短語搭配

我们也会感到愉悦，并迎来一阵多巴胺激增

which creates positive reinforcement. 用詞

从而形成正强化。

You may also be a genetically predisposed rule breaker. 用詞

你也可能有打破规则的遗传倾向。

Studies on twins and adopted children have shown

对双胞胎和被收养儿童的研究显示

how your genes play a large role in how impulsive you are. 短語搭配

基因在决定你有多冲动方面起着很大作用。

In general, people with lower levels of baseline serotonin 用詞

总体而言，基础血清素水平较低的人

were seen to have increased impulsive behavior 語法

往往表现出更强的冲动行为

which led to breaking the rules.

从而更容易违反规则。

With all that said, 表達脈絡

话虽如此，

don't you dare go watching more AsapSCIENCE videos. 語氣意圖

你可千万别去看 AsapSCIENCE 的更多视频。

You're simply not allowed.

你就是不准看。

I'm putting this playlist right here

我把这个播放列表放在这里

but it's not for you

但它可不是给你看的

and you better not subscribe for more weekly videos every Thursday. 語法

你最好也别订阅，不然每周四都会看到更多新视频。

We won't see you back here then.

那我们到时候就不会在这里再见到你了。

Bye.

拜拜。