印度小镇如何传承500年历史的造纸业 | 屹立不倒：英语精读讲义

Paper-making has been the heart of this Indian town's economy 講解

造纸一直是这个印度小镇的经济命脉，

for at least five centuries, and a lot of the work is done by hand, 短語搭配

至少延续了五个世纪，而且许多工序都靠手工完成，

one sheet at a time. 短語搭配

每次只做一张。

This factory can make 10,000 sheets in just a day.

这家工厂一天就能生产10,000张纸。

But in a modern world full of automated paper mills,

但在这个到处都是自动化造纸厂的现代世界，

how is a 500-year-old industry still standing? 習語

一个有500年历史的行业为何依然屹立不倒？

The work at Kalpana Handmade Papers in Sanganer starts with waste.

在Sanganer的Kalpana Handmade Papers，生产流程从废料开始。

The workshop recycles scraps from garment factories

这家作坊回收服装厂的边角料，

that would otherwise be thrown away. 講解

这些废料原本会被直接丢弃。

Nemi Chand Saini is the owner and oversees every step of the process. 短語搭配

Nemi Chand Saini是工厂老板，负责监督整个流程的每一步。

My do dikhra hai aapko ye chali hai.

我现在给你们看的，就是这些碎布料。

Isme koi mitti ke kaan ho

如果里面有泥土颗粒，

ya isme koi kachra ho to kachra hum nikal rahe hai isme se isse.

或是其他垃圾，我们就把它们挑出来。

Bigger pieces go through this shredding machine.

较大的碎料会被送进这台粉碎机。

Within seconds,

只需几秒钟，

a pile of pulverized fabric comes out the other end.

一堆被粉碎的布料就会从另一端出来。

Workers dump over 200 lb of shredded fabric and paper into this tank.

工人把200多磅粉碎后的布料和废纸倒进这个槽里。

One batch takes 1,500 L of water.

每批需要1,500升水。

The mixing used to be done entirely by hand, 語法

过去，混合工作全靠手工完成，

which took triple the amount of time as it does today. 語法

所需时间是现在的三倍。

Now, the machine can churn out pulp in under 2 hours. 短語動詞

如今，这台机器不到2小时就能制出纸浆。

Then it's time for the most crucial step,

接下来就是最关键的一步，

turning the pulp into paper. 語法

把纸浆变成纸。

The skill requires years of training.

掌握这门技术需要多年的训练。

Isi ka jo sabse main ye cheez

这是整道工序中最关键的地方，

sikhe hue karigar hote hai,

只有学过这门手艺的工匠才懂，

unko sikhaya jata hai.

他们都需要接受培训。

Sikhane ke baad mein hi kar pate hai ye.

学会以后，才能做这项工作。

Main ye jo hai bilkul inko har aadmi ke liye mushkil hai.

这真的很难，不是每个人都能做到。

It takes two people to spread the pulp evenly onto the sieve. 語法

需要两个人把纸浆均匀铺在滤网上。

The amount varies depending on how thick the paper will be. 語法

纸浆用量取决于纸张所需的厚度。

Sabse bada mushkil kaam yahi hai.

最难的就是这一步。

Isko jo bilkul apne is tarah rakhna.

要把它像这样准确地铺好。

Ye per sheet weight ke hisab se hoti hai.

这是按每张纸的重量来定的。

To is pulp ke naap se ye daal rahe hai.

所以，他们会量好纸浆再倒进去，

According uske ki jitni thickness humko chahie.

具体用量取决于我们想要的厚度。

A piece of cloth goes on top of the pulp so that the sheets don't stick together. 語法

纸浆上要铺一块布，防止纸张粘在一起。

For specialty paper,

制作特种纸时，

workers add extra decorations like these rose petals.

工人还会加入这些玫瑰花瓣之类的额外装饰。

They do this 1,000 times until the batch is complete.

他们要重复这一过程1,000次，才算完成一批。

Then the stack goes into the hydraulic press.

接着，整摞纸会被送进液压机。

Pehle sir is pe kya hota tha ki hum iske upar kuch lakdi ka fanta laga karke

以前，我们会在上面放几块木板，

is pe kuch weight rakh karke aur us fir pani nikalne ke baad mein

再压上重物；等水挤出去后，

fir kya hota tha ki isko hum diwaron ko chipka ke paper ko.

就把纸贴到墙上晾干。

Now, they use heavy machinery to press the stack

现在，他们用重型机械压紧整摞纸，

and send it to the upper level where there's sunlight.

再把它送到有阳光的上层。

They remove each piece of cloth one by one 短語搭配

他们把布一块一块揭下来，

so it can be reused in another batch.

这样就能在下一批生产中重复使用。

Ye phad karke kharab nahi ho jayega tab tak hum isko use karte rahenge.

只要布还没破损，我们就会一直用下去。

The sheets hang out to dry for 2 days. 短語搭配

这些纸张要挂起来晾2天。

Then a machine called a calender smooths out each piece. 講解

然后，一台叫作压光机的机器会把每张纸压得平滑。

Ye chadar hai lohe ki.

这是一块铁板。

Iske beech mein ye dono roll ke beech mein jayega ek machine mein.

它会从机器的两个滚筒之间穿过。

Workers say that the paper's texture changes drastically after this process.

工人说，经过这道工序后，纸张的质感会发生巨大变化。

Finally, with the help of a giant paper cutter,

最后，在一台大型切纸机的帮助下，

a worker slices stacks of paper down to size. 短語搭配

工人把一摞摞纸裁成规定尺寸。

The scraps will make their way back into the process from the beginning. 習語

裁下来的边角料会重新回到流程起点。

Paper-making communities called Kagzis came to India around the 16th century 文化背景

大约在16世纪，被称为Kagzis的造纸族群来到印度，

and eventually settled in the town of Sanganer.

最终在Sanganer镇定居下来。

A nearby river made it the perfect place for making paper. 語法

附近的一条河让这里成为造纸的理想之地。

But when the British came to power in the 1800s, 短語搭配

但到了19世纪，英国人掌权后，

they started importing paper from mills abroad.

开始从海外的造纸厂进口纸张。

The local workshops that made paper by hand

当地这些手工造纸作坊

couldn't compete and many closed down. 短語動詞

无法与之竞争，许多都关门了。

Mahatma Gandhi stepped in during the 1940s 講解

20世纪40年代，圣雄甘地出手相助，

during his fight for Indian independence.

当时他正为印度独立而奋斗。

He advocated for local handicrafts 用詞

他大力倡导本地手工艺，

and is credited today with saving the handmade paper industry. 語法

如今，人们认为是他挽救了手工造纸业。

Even though this factory's process has modernized with some machines, 語法

尽管这家工厂引入了一些机器，实现了流程现代化，

the sheet-by-sheet technique sets it apart from most mass-produced paper. 短語動詞

但逐张制作的技法让这种纸有别于大多数批量生产的纸张。

Haath se jo banaya wo paper hai.

这是手工制成的纸。

Usme ek alag looking,

它的外观很独特，

alag uski jo ek design us paper ki ek alag hi dekhne ko milti hai.

纸张的纹样也别具一格，

Jo ki mill made se alag hat karke hai.

和造纸厂批量生产的纸截然不同。

They ship all over the world

他们把纸张销往世界各地，

and use the paper to make hundreds of different products.

并用这种纸制作数百种不同的产品。

About 40 employees has designed things like calendars,

由大约40名员工设计制作的产品包括日历、

jewelry boxes,

首饰盒，

To aap is box ko jaise dekhenge to

你们看这个盒子，

isme jo bahar hum cardboard use kar rahe hai

我们外面使用的纸板

wo that is a recycled cardboard.

是再生纸板。

Aur andar jo aap paper dekh rahe hai it is a handmade paper.

而你们看到里面的纸是手工纸。

And ornaments.

还有装饰品。

Christmas tree pe jaise decorate kare,

例如，可以用它来装饰圣诞树，

to ye pura eco friendly product hai.

所以这是完全环保的产品。

The workers here take pride in their craft. 短語搭配

这里的工人为自己的手艺感到自豪。

Is sabse badi baat ye hai

最重要的是，

ki ye ek waste cheez se hum is paper ko tyaar kar rahe hai.

我们在用废弃物制作这种纸。

Koi bahut humko garv mehsoos hota hai

这让我们感到非常自豪，

ki hum apne haath se jo hai na

因为我们能亲手

ek haath ki koi cheez bana karke

做出一件手工制品，

aur hum usko market mein utaar rahe hai.

再把它推向市场。

And as long as people need paper, 語法

只要人们还需要纸，

Nemi is confident his business will thrive. 語法

Nemi就相信自己的生意会一直兴旺。