美国惧怕华为，这有道理吗？：英语精读讲义

Huawei is very dangerous.

华为非常危险。

Rarely does a country go to war with a private company. 語法

很少有国家会与一家私营公司开战。

We have met the enemy and it is Huawei. 文化背景

我们遇到了敌人，它就是华为。

But America has done just that. 短語搭配

但美国正是这么做的。

We're not going to do business with Huawei.

我们不会和华为做生意。

Uh Huawei represents a national security risk.

呃，华为代表着国家安全风险。

But is this really about Huawei or is it something bigger than that? 表達脈絡

但这到底真的是关于华为，还是有更深层的原因？

It's not can you trust Huawei, 表達脈絡

这不是你能不能信任华为的问题，

it's can you trust the Chinese government.

而是你能不能信任中国政府的问题。

And what is the threat?

那么威胁到底是什么？

This is exactly what China wants.

这正是中国想要的。

They want to divide Western alliances through bits and bytes, 表達脈絡

他们想通过比特和字节来分裂西方联盟，

not bullets and bombs.

而不是子弹和炸弹。

So what is this war really about?

那么这场战争到底是为了什么？

And why is Huawei in the middle of it?

为什么华为会身处其中？

Founded in China in 1987, 語法

华为于1987年在中国成立，

Huawei is now the world's largest maker of telecoms equipment.

如今是全球最大的电信设备制造商。

With revenues exceeding 103 billion dollars. 語法

收入超过1030亿美元。

When you think about Huawei,

当你想到华为时，

you might think about the handset.

你可能会想到手机。

That makes sense since it sold 200 million of them in 2018 alone.

这很正常，因为仅在2018年，它就售出了2亿部手机。

But close to half of its revenue comes from selling network equipment.

但其近一半的收入来自销售网络设备。

And it's this infrastructure side of the company 語法

正是该公司的这部分基础设施业务

that worries governments much more than the sort of consumer handset side.

让各国政府比对消费者手机业务更为担忧。

With Ericsson and Nokia,

与爱立信（Ericsson）和诺基亚（Nokia）一起，

it's one of the three biggest manufacturers of this equipment.

它是此类设备的三大制造商之一。

In fact,

事实上，

since 2014,

自2014年以来，

it's outgrown all its competitors, 語法

它的增长速度超过了所有竞争对手，

reaching over 3 billion people.

覆盖了超过30亿人。

This is how networks function. 表達脈絡

这就是网络的运作方式。

Your phone sends a signal to a nearby tower using radio waves.

你的手机利用无线电波向附近的信号塔发送信号。

Voice and data are passed over an internal network run by your phone company,

语音和数据通过你的电话公司运营的内部网络传递，

which connects your handset to other phone users and the wider internet.

将你的手机与其他电话用户和更广泛的互联网连接起来。

In other words, 表達脈絡

换句话说，

these antennas connect us all.

这些天线把我们所有人都连接在了一起。

But now,

但现在，

there's a new kind of network.

出现了一种新型网络。

The race to 5G is moving forward at full speed. 習語

通往5G的竞赛正在全速推进。

From TV ads to presidential tweets, 語法

从电视广告到总统的推文，

you've probably heard debates about the revolutionary 5G.

你可能已经听过关于革命性5G的争论。

Although 5G is massively overhyped, 語法

尽管5G被严重夸大了，

it is coming

但它确实正在到来，

and Huawei is a leading force in this innovation.

而华为是这项创新中的主导力量。

It will be a sort of big change,

这将是一次巨大的变革，

maybe not quite so enormous as people like to tell you. 語法

也许并不像人们告诉你的那么庞大。

The other thing that people like to say that 5G will enable is this idea of

人们喜欢说的5G将实现的另一件事是这个概念——

the Internet of Things.

物联网（Internet of Things）。

If you want things like self-driving cars that download detailed maps where they're about to be, 語法

如果你想要像自动驾驶汽车这样能够下载它们即将到达的地点的详细地图的东西，

you need 5G to do that.

你需要5G来实现这一点。

If you want Internet connected door locks or CCTV cameras,

如果你想要联网的门锁或闭路电视摄像头，

maybe 5G is a way to connect those.

也许5G是连接它们的一种方式。

But though this computerised, smart future opens up new possibilities, 語法

但是，尽管这种计算机化的智能未来开辟了新的可能性，

it comes with a health warning. 習語

它也伴随着一种健康警告。

We're moving to a world where everything will be connected to the Internet,

我们正在走向一个万物互联的世界，

but we haven't thought enough about security.

但我们在安全方面考虑得还不够。

That's the big fear about having a hostile power control your 5G network.

这就是让敌对势力控制你的5G网络的最大隐患。

Because if entire networks are vulnerable,

因为如果整个网络都很脆弱，

this opens the door to countries spying on one another. 習語

这就为国家间的互相监视打开了大门。

5G networks must be secure,

5G网络必须是安全的，

they must be strong.

它们必须是强大的。

They have to be guarded from the enemy.

它们必须严防敌人的破坏。

In a rare interview with The Economist, 短語搭配

在一次罕见的接受《经济学人》（The Economist）采访时，

Ren Zhengfei,

任正非，

Huawei's founder and CEO,

华为的创始人兼首席执行官，

talked about the political storm surrounding his company. 習語

谈到了围绕他的公司的政治风暴。

As the argument rages over the security of Huawei's products, 短語搭配

随着关于华为产品安全性的争论愈演愈烈，

the effects can be seen in some unexpected places. 語法

其影响在一些意想不到的地方显现出来。

The biggest issue, I think,

我认为最大的问题，

with all of this political turmoil surrounding the Huawei name is uncertainty. 用詞

就是围绕华为这个名字的所有这些政治动荡带来的不确定性。

Joe Franell runs Eastern Oregon Telecom,

Joe Franell 经营着 Eastern Oregon Telecom，

a small network serving the people of this rural area.

这是一家服务于这个农村地区人民的小型网络公司。

In rural remote areas,

在偏远农村地区，

it's hard to connect with people.

与人取得联系很困难。

And so the Internet becomes this really important way to connect back with community. 短語搭配

因此，互联网成为重新与社区连接的一个非常重要的方式。

Herb, how are you doing?

Herb，你最近怎么样？

How are you, Joe?

你好吗，Joe？

The problem is that the network here relies on Huawei technology.

问题是，这里的网络依赖于华为的技术。

You see,

你看，

you're using the Internet from Eastern Oregon Telecom to be able to run,

你正在使用 Eastern Oregon Telecom 的互联网来运行、

monitor, control all of these pivot irrigation systems.

监控和控制所有这些枢轴灌溉系统。

I have no idea how we'd do without it. 短語動詞

我不知道如果没有它我们会怎么办。

The Huawei equipment was 30 to 40% less than everything else on the market 語法

华为的设备比市场上其他所有设备便宜30%到40%，

and it's more capable and more reliable.

而且它功能更强，更可靠。

This economic boom that's out here,

这里出现的这种经济繁荣，

all of this effective agriculture that's going on out here

这里正在进行的所有这些高效农业，

would not be effective or even possible without Internet connectivity.

如果没有互联网连接，就不会产生效果，甚至不可能实现。

It's a similar story around the world. 表達脈絡

世界各地都有类似的情况。

Mobile phone users in developing countries have benefited from Huawei's attractive deals.

发展中国家的手机用户已经从华为极具吸引力的交易中获益。

But how is Huawei undercutting its competitors? 用詞

但是，华为是如何以低价抢占竞争对手市场的呢？

Huawei can offer cheaper prices because they're heavily subsidised by the Chinese government.

华为能够提供更便宜的价格，因为他们得到了中国政府的大量补贴。

These are allegations that are strenuously denied by Huawei. 短語搭配

华为极力否认这些指控。

Whether or how Huawei is connected to and subsidised by the Chinese government is unclear. 語法

华为是否与中国政府有关联并接受其补贴，目前尚不清楚。

But what is clear is this.

但有一点是明确的。

China is the kind of country where

中国是这样一个国家：

if the party says jump, 習語

如果党说跳，

all you can say is well, how high.

你只能说，好的，跳多高。

Loyalty to the state is actually enshrined in China's intelligence law. 用詞

对国家的忠诚实际上已被写入了中国的《情报法》。

Article 7, a 2017 addition,

第7条是2017年新增的内容，

states that any organisation or citizen shall support, assist, and co-operate with the state intelligence work. 用詞

规定任何组织或公民都应当支持、协助和配合国家情报工作。

Critics say this law means that when you buy Huawei equipment,

批评人士称，这项法律意味着当你购买华为设备时，

you may be exposing yourself to surveillance by the Chinese intelligence services. 短語搭配

你可能正在将自己暴露在中国情报机构的监视之下。

And this makes governments very uncomfortable.

这让各国政府感到非常不安。

Huawei is just a tool of the Chinese government.

华为只是中国政府的一个工具。

China is a difficult country for any company to be independent in.

对任何公司来说，在中国都很难保持独立。

And when you look at that,

当你看到那个，

the new intelligence law,

新的《情报法》，

you've got to have some concerns. 語氣意圖

你难免会产生一些担忧。

This has made a lot of people worried that Huawei,

这让很多人担心华为，

given its close relationship to the Communist Party, 語法

考虑到它与共产党的密切关系，

and given the Communist Party's willingness to wield hard power,

以及考虑到共产党运用硬实力的意愿，

you could then end up in a situation where they can use that effectively as a weapon. 短語動詞

你可能会陷入这样一种情况：他们可以有效地将其用作武器。

The fear is that Huawei will leave backdoor vulnerabilities in its networks

人们担心华为会在其网络中留下后门漏洞，

that would provide China with an opportunity to spy on its competitors and enemies. 短語搭配

这将为中国提供一个监视其竞争对手和敌人的机会。

To counter this mistrust,

为了消除这种不信任，

Huawei has shared its code and allowed the likes of Britain's National Cyber Security Centre to scan it for back doors.

华为分享了其代码，并允许像英国国家网络安全中心这样的机构扫描后门。

We do have researchers that have been going through it with a fine-tooth comb looking for exactly these. 習語

我们确实有研究人员对它进行了细致入微的检查，以寻找这些后门。

They've never found anything like that.

他们从未发现过类似的东西。

Even so, 表達脈絡

尽管如此，

the Trump administration remains suspicious.

特朗普政府依然持怀疑态度。

Huawei is something that's very dangerous.

华为是非常危险的东西。

President Trump's escalating trade war with China.

特朗普总统不断升级与中国的贸易战。

So if there's no solid security threat,

因此，如果没有确凿的安全威胁，

why is America making an enemy out of Huawei? 短語搭配

为什么美国要把华为当作敌人呢？

We cannot allow any other country to outcompete the United States in this powerful industry of the future.

在这个强大的未来产业中，我们不能允许任何其他国家在竞争中超越美国。

At least part of this is motivated by a desire to slow China's rise

这至少部分是出于减缓中国崛起的愿望，

and to keep a world in which America is the dominant power for as long as possible.

并尽可能长时间地维持一个由美国主导的世界。

It seems as though the concern over Huawei is not only about America's security, 表達脈絡

似乎对华为的担忧不仅关乎美国的安全，

but also its insecurity.

还关乎其不安全感。

And it's causing collateral damage at home as well as abroad. 習語

这在国内外造成了附带损害。

In May 2019,

2019年5月，

the Trump administration issued an executive order 文化背景

特朗普政府发布了一项行政命令，

which not only forbade American companies from supplying Huawei with components,

不仅禁止美国公司向华为供应零部件，

but restricted domestic networks from using its equipment.

还限制国内网络使用其设备。

It's a move that feels like an own goal to Americans like Joe Franell. 習語

对于像 Joe Franell 这样的美国人来说，此举感觉像是在进乌龙球。

Worst-case scenario is there's an all-out ban. 短語搭配

最坏的情况是全面禁令。

That means that three to six communities that are struggling,

这意味着那些正在苦苦挣扎的、

desperate for broadband connectivity,

迫切需要宽带连接的、

missing out on economic development opportunities,

错失经济发展机会的、

having young people flee their community and never come back,

年轻人逃离社区再也没有回来的三到六个社区，

it would be a huge hit.

将受到巨大打击。

And there's another uncomfortable truth that America can't ignore. 短語搭配

而且还有一个美国无法忽视的令人不安的事实。

Smartphone technology relies on a truly global supply chain. 用詞

智能手机技术依赖于一条真正的全球供应链。

Take an average smartphone. 表達脈絡

以一部普通的智能手机为例。

Some contain components from more than 200 international suppliers.

有些包含来自200多家国际供应商的零部件。

Screens might be made by Samsung in South Korea.

屏幕可能是由韩国的三星（Samsung）制造的。

The camera lens engineered in Germany.

相机镜头在德国进行工程设计。

The chip could be designed by a California-based company

芯片可能是由一家总部位于加利福尼亚的公司设计的，

and manufactured in Taiwan.

并在台湾制造。

The battery could come from Japan and the audio chip from China.

电池可能来自日本，音频芯片来自中国。

But increasingly,

但敌意和缺乏信任，

hostility and lack of trust threaten to fracture these supply chains. 習語

正日益威胁到这些供应链的断裂。

This goes beyond Huawei. 短語動詞

这已经超越了华为本身。

We are entering a period of increased vulnerability

我们正在进入一个漏洞越来越多的时期，

when it comes to cybersecurity on the Internet. 短語搭配

当涉及到互联网上的网络安全时。

America's concerns about Huawei are understandable,

美国对华为的担忧是可以理解的，

but the risks can be managed by limiting the use of Huawei equipment to less sensitive parts of 5G networks. 語法

但风险是可以被控制的，只要将华为设备的使用限制在5G网络中不太敏感的部位。

That way, 表達脈絡

通过这种方式，

it is possible to benefit from the low cost of Huawei's equipment 語法

可以利用华为设备的低成本获益，

while minimising security concerns.

同时将安全隐患降至最低。

You know,

你要知道，

when we start talking about withdrawing and only doing business with companies that are really close allies or companies that are in the United States,

当我们开始谈论撤退，只与真正亲密的盟友公司或美国国内的公司做生意时，

that damages the global economy and the way that we function as a world.

这会破坏全球经济以及我们作为一个世界的运作方式。

Billions of people around the world have benefited from increased connectivity made possible by global standards and global supply chains. 短語搭配

全世界数十亿人受益于全球标准和全球供应链带来的更高互联性。

But if political mistrust divides the telecoms industry into rival camps,

但如果政治不信任将电信行业分裂为对立的阵营，

everybody stands to lose. 短語搭配

每个人都将蒙受损失。

If you want to learn more about Huawei,

如果你想了解更多关于华为的信息，

you can click on the link opposite where you'll find further Economist coverage and some research,

你可以点击对面的链接，在那里你会找到《经济学人》的进一步报道以及一些研究、

data, and studies used to make this film.

数据和用来制作这部影片的研究报告。

Thanks for watching.

感谢观看。

If you want to see more films like this,

如果你想观看更多这样的影片，

then hit the subscribe button in the link below.

请点击下面链接中的订阅按钮。