为什么埃隆·马斯克要在自己家里办学校？：英语精读讲义

This is exclusive video of Elon giving a lecture at the home he used to own in Bel Air. 語法

这段独家视频展示了马斯克在曾拥有的贝莱尔豪宅里讲课。

Is everybody listening?

大家都在听吗？

He didn't think regular schools were doing a good enough job of preparing kids. 短語搭配

他认为普通学校在培养孩子方面做得不够好。

Does anybody have any experience with first principles analysis? 文化背景

有人了解过第一性原理分析吗？

Do you know what it means?

你们知道这是什么意思吗？

Did you read about it or anything?

你们有读过相关的资料吗？

He's a big proponent of teaching people to think based on first principles, 短語搭配

他极力提倡教人基于第一性原理去思考，

which is figuring out how things work by boiling them down to the basics. 短語動詞

也就是把事物回归到最基本的层面，去探究其运作方式。

For example,

比如，

it used to be that people thought a radical improvement in rocketry was impossible. 語法

过去人们认为要在火箭技术上取得根本性突破是不可能的。

Space agencies and private companies tried to build reusable rockets,

航天机构和私营企业曾尝试制造可重复使用的火箭，

but failed.

但都失败了。

The only one that kind of worked was NASA's space shuttle, 語氣意圖

唯一算得上成功的只有美国宇航局的航天飞机，

but the cost of refurbishing the boosters by fishing them out of the ocean was so great 語法

但从海里打捞助推器并翻新的成本太高了，

that it didn't make sense.

以至于这根本不划算。

You look at what others are doing,

你看看别人是怎么做的，

say well others didn't make it work,

说，既然别人没做成，

therefore it doesn't work.

所以这就行不通。

But that has no basis in reality. 短語搭配

但这种说法完全脱离现实。

Um A first principles of a foundational approach would be to say,

呃，第一性原理这一基础方法的思路应该是，

let's look at the physics and economics um of a rocket

让我们来看看火箭的物理学和经济学原理，

and say,

然后问，

if we analyze the physics um of the rocket,

如果我们分析一下火箭的物理原理，

is it physically possible?

它在物理上是可行的吗？

First principles thinking would break down the cost of the rocket's materials 短語動詞

第一性原理思维会将火箭材料的成本拆解，

and figure out how to reassemble the materials to produce a more affordable rocket,

弄清楚如何重新组装这些材料，从而制造出更实惠的火箭，

which is SpaceX's mission.

这正是 SpaceX 的使命。

Ad Astra school originally began at SpaceX's rocket factory in Hawthorne, California,

Ad Astra 学校最初是在加利福尼亚州霍桑市的 SpaceX 火箭工厂里创办的，

to teach Elon's children and the kids of some employees.

专门为马斯克的孩子和部分员工的孩子提供教育。

Then it moved to his house for a couple of years,

后来它搬到了马斯克的家里，办了几年，

the one that formerly belonged to Gene Wilder.

这座房子以前属于吉恩·怀尔德 (Gene Wilder)。

Elon was a guest lecturer.

马斯克在里面担任客座讲师。

The teacher who helped create the curriculum was Josh Dahn.

协助设计课程的老师名叫乔什·达恩 (Josh Dahn)。

Hey Josh.

嗨，乔什。

Hey Cindy.

嗨，辛迪。

Dahn taught one of Elon's sons at a private school for gifted children in LA.

达恩曾在洛杉矶一所针对天才儿童的私立学校教过马斯克的一个儿子。

The SpaceX CEO then approached him to start an experimental school at his rocket factory.

这位 SpaceX 首席执行官后来找到他，让他在自己的火箭工厂里创办一所实验学校。

So if Elon's directive was to make it great,

所以，如果马斯克的指示是“把它办好”，

then okay, well what does great look like? 語氣意圖

那么，究竟什么样的才算“好”呢？

It looked like a totally different experience than a typical school.

它看起来与典型的学校体验截然不同。

Instead of classes in languages, music, or sports,

孩子们不学语言、音乐或体育，

kids focused on critical thinking,

而是专注于培养批判性思维，

solving the types of problems SpaceX employees tackle.

解决 SpaceX 员工们正在攻克的那类问题。

Like imagine how the grid fin can be redesigned. 文化背景

比如，想象一下如何重新设计栅格翼。

He's referring to the fins that come down when the Falcon 9 lands.

他指的是猎鹰 9 号着陆时展开的那些鳍片。

could you imagine other designs?

你们能想象出其他的设计吗？

And how would you have known if those designs would be more efficacious than a design that's currently being used? 用詞

而且你怎么知道这些设计会比目前使用的更有效呢？

The lesson of first principles is to not be bound by what's already been done. 短語搭配

第一性原理的要义就是不受既往经验的束缚。

You don't have to create grid fins of the same design, size, or material.

你们不必制造相同设计、尺寸或材质的栅格翼。

You can even go back to the drawing board completely and imagine something totally different that could direct a descending rocket. 習語

你们甚至可以完全推翻重来，想象一种完全不同的东西，用来引导下降的火箭。

Can something other than grid fins be better for the successor to the Falcon 9, Starship? 短語搭配

对于猎鹰 9 号的继任者星舰来说，有没有比栅格翼更好的东西？

There were also questions related to Tesla,

其中也有和特斯拉相关的问题，

as students had exposure to Tesla's design studio within SpaceX's Hawthorne factory. 短語搭配

因为学生们有机会接触设在 SpaceX 霍桑工厂内的特斯拉设计工作室。

For example, Like what could the Supercharger network look like in a country where it doesn't yet exist?

比如，在一个还没有超充网络的国家，它建起来会是什么样？

So, what if you created the Supercharger network in Argentina? 語法

那么，如果你要在阿根廷建立超级充电站网络呢？

There are many different ways to answer this question.

这个问题有很多种不同的解答方式。

What Josh was looking for was the ability to reason. 語法

乔什看重的是推理能力。

Centering Superchargers around dense populations is a start.

以人口密集的地区为中心建设超充站是个开始。

And then the next question is like, well where do we go next?

那么接下来的问题就是，我们下一步该去哪儿？

And the way that they have reasoned through that is really interesting because then they're seeing these like multiple pathways that they could approach. 短語動詞

他们推理这个问题的方式非常有趣，因为随后他们会看到多种可以尝试的路径。

And one of the ways that you can help them is to limit the number of Superchargers that they can build. 語法

你可以帮助他们的一种方法是，限制他们能够建造的超充站数量。

So if you can only build,

所以，如果你只能建造，

you know, 50 Superchargers in the country of Argentina for that first year,

比如第一年在阿根廷只能建 50 个超充站，

where would those 50 be?

这 50 个站要建在哪里？

And this is high-level thinking at a really young age.

这种高级别的思维训练从很小的时候就开始了。

It's remarkable what kids are capable of when you give them opportunities where they have decisions to make. 語法

当你给孩子们做决定的机会时，他们展现出的能力是惊人的。

Josh now runs Synthesis,

乔什现在运营着 Synthesis，

an online program applying the same type of thinking at Elon's school.

这是一个将马斯克学校中的同类思维方式应用到线上的项目。

Oh my gosh, this is the best place for

天哪，这是最适合的地方……

Oh, we're going really fast.

哇，我们速度好快。

Yes.

是的。

Students from around the world strategize in teams as a way to mirror collaboration in real life. 用詞

来自世界各地的学生分组制定策略，以模拟现实生活中的团队合作。

Have fun.

玩得开心。

We'll start the first game in about 5 minutes.

我们大概在 5 分钟后开始第一局游戏。

Although the students are as young as eight, 語法

尽管这些学生只有八岁，

the problems they have to answer are difficult even for adults.

他们要解答的问题即使对成年人来说也很困难。

For example, imagine that rocket travel is as normal as plane travel.

比如，想象一下火箭旅行变得像坐飞机一样寻常。

If you had to choose one future, 語法

如果你必须选择一个未来，

which would it be?

会是哪一个？

Traveling to anywhere on Earth within an hour,

一小时内到达地球上的任何地方，

going sightseeing on the moon,

去月球观光，

or three, starting a city on Mars.

或者是第三项，在火星上建立一座城市。

Again, there's no right or wrong answer. 短語搭配

同样，这没有对错之分。

But the idea is to start wondering like, well, which will come first and which one will change human life here on Earth most?

但这个想法是开始让人思考，究竟哪一个会最先实现，哪一个又会对我们在地球上的人类生活改变最大？

It's about figuring out what the future will look like and then building that future. 短語動詞

这关乎弄清楚未来会是什么样子，然后去建设那个未来。

In the way that Tesla is looking to disrupt transportation and SpaceX the rocket industry,

就像特斯拉试图颠覆交通领域，SpaceX 试图颠覆火箭产业一样，

Elon is reimagining the future of education.

马斯克正在重新构想教育的未来。

Although his original private school is no longer running,

尽管他最初的那所私立学校已经停止运营，

he's opened up another Ad Astra school at SpaceX's Starbase in Texas with a few dozen students. 短語動詞

但他在德克萨斯州 SpaceX 的星基地又开设了一所 Ad Astra 学校，招收了几十名学生。

Will this type of education produce the next great entrepreneur?

这种类型的教育会培养出下一位伟大的企业家吗？

There are many ways to learn that can be more effective than sitting in a classroom.

学习的方式有很多，比坐在教室里更有效的也有很多。

My sponsor Brilliant is a website and app where you can improve your science, math, and computer science skills by learning interactively.

我的赞助商 Brilliant 是一个网站和应用，你能通过互动学习来提升科学、数学和计算机科学技能。

Their puzzles are for people of all ages and experiences,

他们的难题适合所有年龄段和不同经验的人，

whether you're studying or if you're already working. 語法

无论你是在上学还是已经工作。

I use Brilliant to improve my critical thinking skills by going through their logic courses. 短語動詞

我通过学习 Brilliant 的逻辑课程来提高我的批判性思维能力。

Brilliant has sponsored my videos since I started Newsthink in 2020, 語法

自从我 2020 年创办 Newsthink 以来，Brilliant 一直在赞助我的视频，

and I've noticed my viewers especially love their computer science fundamentals course,

我发现我的观众特别喜欢他们的计算机科学基础课程，

where you can wrap your mind around computational thinking and no coding is required. 習語

在那里你可以轻松理解计算思维，而且不需要编程基础。

Their scientific thinking course is also really popular with my viewers.

他们的科学思维课程也非常受我的观众欢迎。

You can explore the laws of physics and principles of engineering and learn the rules as you play.

你可以在边玩边学中探索物理定律和工程原理。

If you're ever stuck,

如果你卡住了，

you can view the explanation to understand where you went wrong. 短語搭配

可以查看解析，了解自己错在哪里。

Brilliant is free for you to try out by going to the custom link in my description,

点击我简介里的专属链接，你就能免费试用 Brilliant，

brilliant.org/newsthink.

链接是 brilliant.org/newsthink。

And the first 200 people to sign up with my link will get 20% off the annual premium subscription,

前 200 名通过我的链接注册的人，还能获得年度高级订阅 20% 的折扣，

which unlocks all of the courses on Brilliant.

从而解锁 Brilliant 上的所有课程。