如何使用第三条件句——英语迷你小课堂：英语精读讲义

If only you had watched this video sooner, 語法

要是你早点看这个视频，

you would already have known how to use the third conditional.

你就已经知道怎么用第三条件句了。

Let's talk about the third conditional. 短語搭配

我们来谈谈第三条件句。

The third conditional is used to describe an imaginary past event. 講解

第三条件句用来描述想象中的过去事件。

We often use it for regrets or wishes in the past. 短語搭配

我们经常用它来表达对过去的遗憾或愿望。

So, I'm going to tell you a story about something that happened to me recently. 表達脈絡

所以，我要给你们讲一个我最近发生的故事。

And then afterwards,

然后，

I'll show you how we can use the third conditional to talk about it.

我会向你们展示我们如何使用第三条件句来谈论它。

I woke up a little bit late on the day of a very important exam. 短語動詞

在一个非常重要的考试当天，我起得有点晚了。

Luckily, I wasn't very late.

幸运的是，我没有迟到太多。

So, I just had to rush a bit in the morning 語法

所以，早上我只需稍微赶一下，

and in the end, I managed to leave the house on time. 講解

最后，我按时离开了家。

When I got to the school, 短語搭配

当我到了学校，

I took my seat in the exam room 短語搭配

我在考场坐下，

and the examiner asked to see my passport for ID. 語氣意圖

考官要求看我的护照作为身份证明。

I checked in my bag and the passport wasn't there.

我翻了翻我的包，护照不在那里。

Oh, no.

糟糕。

Luckily, the examiner recognized me

幸运的是，考官认出了我，

because the exam was at my school.

因为考试就在我学校举行。

So, they said I could take the exam anyway, 語氣意圖

所以，他们说我还是可以参加考试，

but with my driving license as ID. 文化背景

但是用我的驾照作为身份证明。

I thought everything was okay,

我以为一切都没问题，

but at the end of the exam, 短語搭配

但在考试结束时，

the big boss came to see me 用詞

大老板来找我，

and said they could only accept my exam 語法

说他们只有在同一天拿到我的护照，

if I gave them my passport on the same day.

才能接受我的考试。

So, I had no choice but to cycle all the way back to my apartment 短語搭配

所以，我别无选择，只好一路骑车回公寓

to look for the passport. 短語搭配

去找护照。

I got there and I searched everywhere,

我到了那里，找遍了所有地方，

but I couldn't find it.

但就是找不到。

And then I thought of something. 短語搭配

就在那时，我想起了一件事。

I went back to my bag

我回到我的包旁，

and I looked in a little secret pocket inside

看了看里面的一个小秘密口袋，

and the passport had been there the whole time. 語法

护照一直都在那里。

So, then I just had to cycle all the way back to school

所以，我只好又一路骑车回学校，

and show the examiners my passport

给考官看我的护照，

so that finally they would accept the exam. 語法

以便他们最终接受我的考试。

So, this is something that I regret

所以，这是一件让我后悔的事，

and I can use the third conditional to talk about it.

我们可以用第三条件句来谈论它。

For example, I could say,

例如，我可以这样说：

"If I hadn't woken up late, 語法

“如果我没有起晚，

I wouldn't have had to rush in the morning." 語法

早上我就不用那么赶了。”

That's a regret.

那是一种遗憾。

But I can also use it for positive things that happened,

但我也可以用它来谈论发生的好事，

like,

比如，

"If the examiner hadn't recognized me,

“如果考官没有认出我，

I wouldn't have been allowed to do the exam." 語法

我就不会被允许参加考试了。”

In both these situations,

在这两种情况下，

we're using the same structure.

我们都在使用相同的结构。

We use if and then the past perfect. 語法

我们使用 if，然后加上过去完成时。

So, that's the subject, 語法

所以，就是主语，

had,

had，

and then the past participle.

然后是过去分词。

And then in the conditional clause,

接着在条件从句里，

you have would have 語法

用 would have

and the past participle.

加上过去分词。

So, subject,

所以，就是主语，

would have,

would have，

past participle.

过去分词。

You can switch these two clauses round 語法

你可以调换这两个从句的顺序，

if you want to.

如果你愿意的话。

For example,

例如，

"I wouldn't have been allowed to do the exam 語法

“我就不会被允许参加考试，

if the examiner hadn't recognized me."

如果考官没有认出我。”

If you want to make a regret stronger,

如果你想让遗憾表达得更强烈，

you can add the word only after if. 語法

你可以在 if 后面加上 only。

For example,

例如，

"If only I had checked my bag properly, 語法

“要是我仔细检查了我的包就好了，

I would have found my passport."

我就能找到我的护照了。”

If only tells you 語氣意圖

If only 告诉你

that this is something I really regret.

这是一件让我非常后悔的事情。

A similar structure that we can use to talk about regrets

我们可以用来谈论遗憾的一个类似结构

is wish plus past perfect. 語法

是 wish 加上过去完成时。

For example,

例如，

"I wish I had taken the bus." 語法

“我真希望我坐了公共汽车。”

And then you can add a consequence.

然后你可以加上一个结果。

"I wish I had taken the bus

“我真希望我坐了公共汽车，

because then I wouldn't have been so tired at the end of the day." 語法

因为那样的话，一天结束时我就不会那么累了。”

So, these are three structures

所以，这三种结构

you can use to talk about imaginary situations

可以用来谈论过去

in the past.

想象中的情况。

The third conditional,

第三条件句，

if only,

if only，

and wish.

以及 wish。

If only you had watched this video sooner,

要是你早点看这个视频，

you would already have known how to use the third conditional.

你就已经知道怎么用第三条件句了。