尼采：命运之爱 (Amor Fati)：英语精读讲义

One of the strangest yet most intriguing aspects of Friedrich Nietzsche's ideas 語法

弗里德里希·尼采思想中最奇怪却又最引人入胜的方面之一，

is his repeated enthusiasm for a concept that he called amor fati, 文化背景

就是他多次对一个叫“amor fati”的概念表现出极大的热情，

translated from the Latin as a love of one's fate,

这个词从拉丁文翻译过来是“对命运的爱”，

or as we might put it, 表達脈絡

或者用我们的话来说，

a resolute enthusiastic acceptance of everything that has happened in one's life.

就是对自己生命中发生的一切，都表现出坚定且充满热情的接受。

The person of amor fati doesn't seek to erase anything of their past, 語法

奉行“amor fati”的人不会试图抹去他们过去的任何东西，

but rather accepts what has occurred,

而是接受已经发生的事情，

the good and the bad,

无论是好的还是坏的，

the mistaken and the wise,

是错误的还是明智的，

with strength and an all-embracing gratitude

用坚韧和包容一切的感激之情，

that borders on a kind of enthusiastic affection. 短語動詞

这近乎是一种狂热的爱慕。

This refusal to regret and retouch the past 習語

这种拒绝后悔和修饰过去的态度，

is heralded as a virtue at many points in Nietzsche's work. 短語搭配

在尼采著作的许多地方都被誉为一种美德。

In his book The Gay Science,

在他的著作《快乐的科学》中，

written during a period of great personal hardship for the philosopher,

这部书写于这位哲学家个人生活极为艰难的时期，

Nietzsche writes,

尼采写道：

"I want to learn more and more

“我想越来越多地学习

to see as beautiful what is necessary in things. 語法

把事物中必然的东西看作美的。

Then I shall be one of those who makes things beautiful.

这样我就会成为使事物变得美丽的人之一。

Amor fati.

Amor fati（热爱命运）。

Let that be my love henceforth.

愿它从今往后成为我的爱。

I don't want to wage war against what is ugly. 習語

我不想向丑陋的事物宣战。

I don't want to accuse.

我不想指责。

I don't even want to accuse those who accuse.

我甚至不想指责那些指责的人。

Looking away shall be my only negation.

移开视线将是我唯一的否定。

And all in all, and on the whole, 短語搭配

归根结底，总而言之，

someday I wish to be only a yes-sayer." 用詞

某一天我希望能仅仅成为一个说‘是’的人。”

And a few years later, in Ecce Homo,

几年后，在《瞧！这个人》中，

Nietzsche writes, "My formula for greatness in a human being is amor fati.

尼采写道：“我衡量人类伟大之处的公式就是amor fati。

That one wants nothing to be different,

一个人不希望任何事情变得不同，

not forward, not backwards,

无论向未来，向过去，

not in all eternity.

还是在整个永恒中。

Not merely bear what is necessary, 語法

不仅仅是承受那些必然的事物，

still less conceal it, but love it."

更不是掩盖它，而是去爱它。”

In most areas of life, most of the time, we do the very opposite.

在生活的大多数领域，大多数时候，我们所做的恰恰相反。

We spend a huge amount of time taking stock of our errors, 習語

我们花费大量时间盘点自己的错误，

regretting and lamenting the unfortunate twists of fate 習語

为不幸的命运波折感到后悔和哀叹，

and wishing that things could have gone differently. 語法

并希望事情能有所不同。

We are typically mighty opponents of anything that smacks of resignation or fatalism. 短語動詞

我们通常是任何带有听天由命或宿命论色彩的事物的强大反对者。

We want to alter and improve things,

我们想要改变和改善事物，

ourselves, politics, the economy, the course of history.

我们自己、政治、经济、历史的进程。

And part of this means refusing to be passive

而这部分意味着拒绝被动地

about the errors, injustices, and ugliness

对待错误、不公和丑陋，

of our own and the collective past.

无论是我们自己的还是集体的过去。

Nietzsche himself in some moods knows this defiance full well. 短語搭配

尼采本人在某些情绪下也非常清楚这种反抗。

There is much emphasis in his work on action, initiative, and self-assertion.

他的著作中有很多强调行动、主动性和自我主张的内容。

His concept of the Wille zur Macht, 文化背景

他提出的‘Wille zur Macht’，

or will to power,

或‘权力意志’的概念，

embodies just this attitude of vitality and conquest of obstacles.

恰恰体现了这种充满活力和克服障碍的态度。

However, he's aware that in order to lead a good life,

然而，他意识到，为了过上美好的生活，

we need to keep in mind plenty of opposing ideas

我们需要在脑海中保留许多对立的思想，

and marshal them as and when they become relevant. 短語搭配

并在它们变得相关时将它们组织起来。

We don't, in Nietzsche's eyes, need to be consistent.

在尼采看来，我们不需要保持一致。

We need to have the ideas to hand that can salve our wounds. 講解

我们需要手头上有能治愈我们创伤的思想。

Nietzsche isn't, therefore, asking us to choose

因此，尼采并不是要求我们

between glorious fatalism on the one hand 表達脈絡

在光荣的宿命论

or a vigorous willing on the other.

和充满活力的意志之间做出选择。

He is allowing us to have recourse to either intellectual move, 短語搭配

他允许我们在适当的场合下，

depending on the occasion.

求助于这两种思想倾向中的任何一种。

He wishes our mental toolkit to have more than one set of ideas, 習語

他希望我们的精神工具箱里有不止一套思想，

to have, as it were, both a hammer and a saw.

可以说，既有锤子也有锯子。

Certain occasions particularly need the wisdom of a will-driven philosophy.

某些场合特别需要由意志驱动的哲学智慧。

Others demand that we know how to accept, embrace, and stop fighting the inevitable. 語法

另一些场合则要求我们懂得如何接受、拥抱并停止与不可避免的事物作斗争。

In Nietzsche's own life, there was much that he had tried to change and overcome.

在尼采自己的生活中，有很多他曾试图改变和克服的事情。

He had fled his restrictive family in Germany and escaped to the Swiss Alps.

他逃离了德国那管束严格的家庭，逃到了瑞士阿尔卑斯山。

He had tried to get away from the narrowness of academia and become a freelance writer.

他试图摆脱学术界的狭隘，成为一名自由撰稿人。

He had tried to find a wife who could be both a lover and an intellectual soulmate.

他试图找到一个既是情人又是精神灵魂伴侣的妻子。

But a lot in this project of self-creation and self-overcoming

但是在这个自我创造和自我克服的计划中，有很多事情

had gone terribly wrong. 短語搭配

出现了可怕的差错。

He couldn't get his parents, especially his mother and sister, out of his head. 習語

他无法把他的父母，特别是他的母亲和妹妹，从脑海中抹去。

Nietzsche's books sold dismally,

尼采的书销量惨淡，

and he was forced more or less to beg from friends and family

他差不多被迫向朋友和家人乞讨

in order to keep going.

才能维持生活。

Meanwhile, his halting gauche attempts to seduce women

同时，他笨拙地试图诱惑女人的尝试，

were met by ridicule and rejection. 短語搭配

遭到了嘲笑和拒绝。

There must have been so many lamentations and regrets 語法

当他漫步走过上恩加丁时，

running through his mind in his walks across the Upper Engadine 習語

以及在锡尔斯玛利亚那座简陋的小木屋里度过一个个夜晚时，

and his nights in his modest wooden chalet in Sils Maria.

一定有无数的哀叹和悔恨在他的脑海中闪过。

"If only I'd stuck with an academic career.

“要是我坚持在学术界发展就好了。

If only I'd been more confident around certain women. 語法

要是我在某些女人面前能自信点就好了。

If only I'd written in a more popular style.

要是我写得更通俗易懂点就好了。

If only I'd been born in France."

要是我出生在法国就好了。”

It was because such thoughts,

正是因为这样的想法，

and every one of us has our own distinct variety of them,

而我们每个人都有自己独特的类似想法，

can ultimately be so destructive and so soul-sapping

最终可能会如此具有破坏性并且让人心力交瘁，

that the idea of amor fati grew compelling to Nietzsche.

使得“amor fati”的想法对尼采来说变得极具吸引力。

Amor fati was the idea that he needed

“Amor fati”正是他所需要的想法，

in order to regain sanity after hours of self-recrimination and criticism.

以便在经历了数小时的自责和批评之后恢复理智。

It's the idea we ourselves may need at 4:00 a.m.

这也是我们在凌晨4点时可能需要的想法，

finally to quieten a mind that has started gnawing into itself 習語

为了最终让午夜后不久就开始陷入内耗的头脑平息下来。

shortly after midnight.

这一切开始于午夜过后不久。

It's an idea with which a troubled spirit can greet the first signs of dawn.

借助这个想法，一个烦躁不安的灵魂可以迎接黎明的第一缕曙光。

At the height of the mood of amor fati, 短語搭配

在达到“amor fati”情感的顶点时，

we recognize that things really could not have been otherwise, 語法

我们认识到事情真的不可能有其他结果，

because everything we are and have done

因为我们是谁以及我们所做的一切，

is bound closely together in a web of consequences 習語

都紧密地交织在一张因果网络中，

that began with our birth

这张网从我们出生时就开始编织，

and which we are powerless to alter at will. 短語搭配

而我们无力随心所欲地改变它。

We see that what went right and what went horribly wrong are as one, 表達脈絡

我们看到一切顺利的与极其糟糕的事情是一体的，

and we commit ourselves to accepting both, 短語搭配

我们承诺接受两者，

to no longer destructively hoping that things could have been otherwise.

不再破坏性地希望事情能有所不同。

We were headed to a degree of catastrophe from the start.

从一开始我们就注定要走向某种程度的灾难。

We end up saying, with tears in which there mingle grief and a sort of ecstasy, 語法

我们最终会流着悲伤与一种狂喜交织的眼泪说，

a large yes to the whole of life 習語

对整个生命大声说“是”，

in its absolute horror and occasional moments of awesome beauty.

无论是在它绝对恐怖的时刻，还是在它偶尔展现出令人敬畏的美丽的时刻。

In a letter to a friend written in the summer of 1882,

在1882年夏天写给朋友的一封信中，

Nietzsche tried to sum up the new spirit of acceptance 短語動詞

尼采试图总结这种新的接受精神，

that he had learned to lean on 短語動詞

他已经学会了依靠它

to protect him from the agony of regret.

来保护自己免受后悔带来的痛苦。

"I am in a mood of fatalistic surrender to God.

“我正处于一种宿命般向上帝臣服的心境中。

I call it amor fati.

我称之为amor fati。

So much so that I would be willing to rush into a lion's jaws." 講解

甚至到了我愿意冲进狮子嘴里的地步。”

And that is where, after a bit too much regret,

而这就是在经历了一些太多的遗憾之后，

we should learn, sometimes, to join him.

我们有时应该学会加入他的地方。

Thank you for watching.

感谢收看。

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如果你想了解更多关于我们视频中思想家的信息，

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请查看我们的《伟大思想家》一书，

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全球发售，现在还有电子书版本。