发生核爆炸时该怎么办？！：英语精读讲义

This episode is brought to you by Dashlane. 短語搭配

本期节目由 Dashlane 赞助播出。

Never forget another password and keep all your credentials

永远不再忘记密码，并保护你所有的凭据

secure by signing up for a free account today. 短語動詞

只需今天注册一个免费账号即可确保安全。

Imagine this, 表達脈絡

想象一下，

a sudden bright light followed by the sounds of the heavens opening. 習語

一道突如其来的强光，紧接着传来震耳欲聋的巨响。

An intense heat blast smashes through the city

一股强烈的热浪猛烈冲击着城市，

and a gigantic mushroom cloud slowly rises.

一朵巨大的蘑菇云缓缓升起。

Cars swerve from the roads

汽车在道路上失控转向，

amid the screams of fear, panic, and pain.

伴随着恐惧、惊慌和痛苦的尖叫声。

And that's only if you have enough time to see the spectacle 語法

那还是在你被彻底从地球表面抹去之前，

before being blasted off the face of the Earth. 習語

有足够时间目睹这一惨状的情况。

It's an apocalyptic image all right.

这确实是一幅末日景象。

But would a nuclear blast really spell the end of the world? 用詞

但核爆真的意味着世界末日吗？

Are there any steps that we could take in advance

我们能否提前采取一些措施，

to avoid frying as the nuclear device is detonated in our home city?

以避免在核装置于我们所在的城市被引爆时化为灰烬？

That's what we'll find out in this episode of The Infographics Show,

这就是我们要在本期《The Infographics Show》中探讨的内容：

How to Survive Nuclear Fallout.

《如何从核沉降物中幸存》。

The debate on whether or not we could survive a nuclear war 語法

关于我们是否能在核战争中幸存的争论

is still wide open. 習語

仍然悬而未决。

But one thing is for sure, 表達脈絡

但有一件事是肯定的，

the weapons are getting darn right nastier.

武器正变得越来越可怕。

The nuclear warheads that the world has at its disposal right now 短語搭配

世界目前所掌握的核弹头

are hundreds of times more deadly 語法

其致命程度是

than the bombs dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki at the end of the Second World War.

二战末期投在广岛和长崎的原子弹的数百倍。

We have no clear picture of the catastrophic effect

如果所有这些武器同时引爆，

of all of these weapons being detonated at the same time.

我们将无法清晰地想象出那灾难性的后果。

And that's what is likely to happen in the event of a nuclear conflict. 短語搭配

而在发生核冲突的情况下，这很可能发生。

One thing that's for sure is that those who are able to survive a massive nuclear attack

唯一可以确定的是，那些能在发生大规模核袭击中幸存下来的人，

would be those who have mentally and logistically prepared for such an event. 短語搭配

将会是那些在心理和后勤上都为此类事件做好准备的人。

So grab a pencil and a notebook

所以，拿起铅笔和笔记本，

and jot down how to best survive should this tragic event ever occur. 講解

记下如果这场悲剧发生，如何才能最好地生存下来。

When the blast happens, you want to be indoors

当爆炸发生时，你需要待在室内，

or preferably in the depths of a nuclear fallout bunker for at least 48 hours.

或者最好是在核辐射避难所深处待上至少 48 小时。

But in reality, it will only be the president, the very rich,

但现实中，能够安全躲在地下掩体里的，

and the political elite who will be safely tucked away underground. 短語動詞

只有总统、超级富豪和政治精英。

You can fully supply your premises

你可以为你的住所储备充足的物资，

to make sure you won't be having to pop out to the shops 短語動詞

以确保在关键的 48 小时沉降期内，

for a loaf of bread during that critical 48-hour fallout period.

你不必为了买一块面包而跑去商店。

Be smart by supplying your home with lots of canned food. 短語搭配

聪明点，在家里储备大量罐头食品。

A good supply of fresh bottled water is also essential.

充足的新鲜瓶装水也必不可少。

You'll need 1 gallon of fresh water per person per day.

你需要每人每天 1 加仑的新鲜水。

You will do well to have an old wireless radio 短語搭配

最好准备一台旧式无线电收音机，

powered by batteries to keep up to date with events. 短語搭配

由电池供电，以便随时了解最新事件。

A whistle for communicating across distance is super handy

用于远距离通讯的哨子非常方便，

and a cell phone with a solar charger is brilliant.

带太阳能充电器的手机也很绝妙。

For those of you planning ahead,

对于那些未雨绸缪的人，

you'll want to keep in stock a basic first aid kit, 短語搭配

你需要储备一个基础急救箱、

a medical instruction book, and a supply of required prescription medications.

一本医疗指南，以及必需的处方药。

You'll also need a flashlight with batteries

你还需要一个带电池的手电筒，

and a map and compass for navigating your escape.

以及用于逃生导航的地图和指南针。

If you happen to be within a few miles of the initial detonation, 短語搭配

如果你碰巧在最初爆炸的几英里范围内，

the chances are you're already dusted. 講解

你很可能已经灰飞烟灭了。

The heat would rise to about 540,000 °F

温度会升至大约 540,000 °F，

and at the epicenter of the blast,

在爆炸的震中，

almost everything would be totally flattened.

几乎所有东西都会被夷为平地。

The area 1 to 4 miles outside of the epicenter would be dangerous.

震中外 1 到 4 英里的区域也会很危险。

You'd probably have burnt skin from the blast.

你可能会因为爆炸而皮肤灼伤。

Housing would be damaged,

房屋会被毁坏，

windows would shatter,

窗户会粉碎，

and paint would peel from the buildings.

建筑物的油漆会剥落。

That means shelter is the main consideration.

这意味着避难所是首要考虑的因素。

Find somewhere safe.

找一个安全的地方。

If you were looking in the direction of the blast, 語法

如果你当时正看向爆炸的方向，

you would probably suffer some form of temporary blindness

你可能会遭受某种形式的暂时性失明，

and the fallout would remain hazardous up to 20 miles from detonation.

并且在距离爆炸中心 20 英里内，放射性沉降物仍然具有危险性。

Once a nuclear device is detonated,

一旦核装置被引爆，

radioactive material are blasted up into the atmosphere

放射性物质会被炸入大气层，

before raining back down to Earth.

然后再像下雨一样落回地球。

This hazardous material literally falls out of the sky 用詞

这些危险物质真的是从天上掉下来的，

and that's why we use the term fallout.

这就是为什么我们用“沉降物（fallout）”这个词。

The material can travel for hundreds of miles

这种物质可以随风飘散数百英里，

adapting to wind patterns and human exposure to this fallout is extremely hazardous.

人体暴露在这些沉降物中极度危险。

If contact is made with the fallout,

如果接触到沉降物，

you will suffer acute radiation sickness,

你会遭受急性辐射病、

cellular degradation, and radiation syndrome.

细胞退化和辐射综合征。

This could kill you up to 30 days after initial exposure.

这可能会在最初接触后长达 30 天内致命。

Fallout does, however, decay at night.

然而，沉降物的放射性在夜间会衰减。

So areas that are contaminated by day

所以白天被污染的区域，

may be safer to patrol at night.

可能在夜间巡查会更安全。

If you survived the blast and have taken cover during the day, 短語搭配

如果你在爆炸中幸存并在白天隐蔽起来，

your goal is to do whatever scavenging that may be required

你的目标是在夜间进行任何必要的物资搜寻，

at night while hatching an escape plan. 習語

同时制定逃生计划。

But first up, 表達脈絡

但首先，

you will need to evaluate the extent of your immediate danger.

你需要评估你面临的直接危险程度。

A literal rule of thumb comes into play here. 習語

字面意义上的“拇指法则”在这里派上用场了。

Find the position where you can observe that mushroom cloud of doom.

找一个能观察到那朵末日蘑菇云的位置。

Hold out your arm and extend your thumb.

伸出你的手臂并竖起拇指。

Close one eye

闭上一只眼睛，

and compare the size of your thumb to the size of the mushroom cloud.

将你拇指的大小与蘑菇云的大小进行比较。

If that mushroom cloud is bigger than your thumb,

如果蘑菇云比你的拇指大，

then you are in the radiation zone

那么你就在辐射区内，

and you have 15 minutes to escape.

你有 15 分钟的时间逃生。

If, however,

但是，如果

the cloud is smaller than your thumb,

蘑菇云比你的拇指小，

then you should be in a safe zone,

那么你应该在安全区内，

but you will probably want to be heading away from the cloud

但如果安全的话，

if it is safe to do so. 語法

你可能还是想远离蘑菇云。

The more distance you can put between yourself and the fallout, 語法

你与沉降物之间的距离越远，

the better for your health.

对你的健康就越好。

But remember to stay under cover for those first 48 hours.

但请记住，在最初的 48 小时内要保持隐蔽。

Areas such as office basements are safer than a first floor building.

像办公室地下室这样的区域比一楼建筑更安全。

The heavier and denser the exterior of your shelter,

你避难所的外部结构越重越密实，

the better.

越好。

So you're looking for thick walls built from concrete or bricks.

所以你要找由混凝土或砖块建成的厚墙。

The greatest threat from fallout is during the first 48 hours

沉降物最大的威胁是在最初的 48 小时内，

and then the next 2 weeks.

然后是接下来的两周。

After this initial period,

在这个初始阶段之后，

the fallout will lose its toxicity quite rapidly.

沉降物的毒性会迅速降低。

So if you happen to have food and more importantly a water supply in your shelter,

所以，如果你碰巧在避难所有食物，更重要的是有供水，

you may be able to sit it out 短語動詞

你也许能熬过去，

and perhaps catch up on a TV series or two. 短語動詞

也许还能追一两部电视剧。

But remember,

但请记住，

if you see a cloud of debris moving towards you,

如果你看到一团碎片云朝你移动，

you may need to up sticks pretty fast. 習語

你可能需要非常快地拔腿就跑。

You should only consider jumping in a vehicle

你只有在有办法启动车辆，

if you have the means to start it 短語搭配

并在那至关重要的 15 分钟内开车逃离时，

and drive away within that crucial 15-minute time frame.

才应该考虑跳进车里。

Once you've established a base,

一旦你建立了一个基地，

you will need to get clean.

你需要保持清洁。

Failure to clean away all that radioactive material 語法

未能清除掉所有那些放射性物质

could result in deadly levels of radiation on the skin.

可能会导致皮肤上出现致命水平的辐射。

If you are with a group,

如果你和一群人在一起，

instruct everyone who was exposed to remove their clothing,

指示每个接触过辐射的人脱掉衣服，

put the radioactive garments in a plastic bag,

把受辐射的衣物放进塑料袋里，

tie the end,

系紧袋口，

and place it as far away as possible. 語法

并把它放在尽可能远的地方。

Use running water to wash the body with lots of soap and water,

用大量肥皂和流水清洗身体，

blow your nose,

擤鼻涕，

and make sure you clean behind those ears.

并确保你清洗了耳朵后面。

You will need to find new clothing for you and your party. 用詞

你需要为你和你的同伴找到新衣服。

You will also need to attend to those radiation 短語動詞

你还需要处理那些辐射，

and thermal burns known as beta burns.

以及被称为“贝塔灼伤”的热灼伤。

If the skin has blistered,

如果皮肤起泡，

immerse yourself in cold water

将自己浸泡在冷水中，

and then cover the area with a sterile compress or Vaseline.

然后用无菌敷料或 Vaseline 覆盖该区域。

After you have managed all this,

在你处理完所有这些之后，

you should be critically aware of subsequent attacks.

你应该对随后的攻击保持高度警惕。

Yep,

是的，

most probably that nuclear blast

极有可能那次核爆

won't be the only rocket in this firework party. 習語

不会是这场烟火派对中唯一的火箭。

Keep your shelter intact,

保持你的避难所完好无损，

but be prepared to move and take supplies with you.

但要准备好随时移动并带上物资。

You will generally be safer out of the cities,

通常在城市之外你会更安全，

but make sure you aren't heading to any out of town military bases

但要确保你不是在前往城外的任何军事基地，

that could well be the next target site. 語法

那些很可能是下一个目标地点。

Maybe heading to a network of deep underground caves

也许前往一个深层地下洞穴网络

would be the best strategy

会是最好的策略，

seeing that the world is dead set 講解

既然这个世界铁了心

on blasting their way back to the Stone Age. 習語

要把自己炸回石器时代。

And let's pretend for a second

让我们假设一下，

you're in a shelter and you still have internet.

你在一个避难所里，而且你还有网络。

That means others have internet as well

这意味着其他人也有网络，

and you still have to worry about keeping your password safe and secure.

你仍然需要担心保持你密码的安全。

Both in this scenario and in real life,

无论是在这种情况下还是在现实生活中，

you should totally use Dashlane.

你绝对应该使用 Dashlane。

Dashlane is a password manager

Dashlane 是一款密码管理器，

that makes it easy for you to control your digital identity. 語法

让你能轻松控制你的数字身份。

Try Dashlane completely free for 30 days

完全免费试用 Dashlane 30 天，

and discover how much easier your password life can be.

发现你的密码生活可以变得多么轻松。

Anytime you have to come up with a new password, 短語動詞

每当你需要想出一个新密码时，

you can use Dashlane to generate a super secure one.

你可以使用 Dashlane 生成一个超级安全的密码。

You'll never have to log into another website again.

你再也不用手动登录另一个网站了。

Dashlane does it automatically for you.

Dashlane 会为你自动完成。

And if you use Dashlane Premium,

如果你使用 Dashlane Premium，

you can sync your passwords

你可以在你的所有设备上

and secure login details across all your devices.

同步你的密码和安全登录详细信息。

Become more secure

变得更加安全，

and support The Infographics Show at the same time

同时支持《The Infographics Show》，

by using the code Infographics

只需使用代码 Infographics，

and get 10% off Dashlane Premium from the get-go 習語

一上来即可享受 Dashlane Premium 10% 的折扣，

by going to dashlane.com/infographicshow

只需前往 dashlane.com/infographicshow

or clicking the link in the description.

或点击简介中的链接。

So, do you think you could survive nuclear fallout?

那么，你认为你能从核辐射沉降物中幸存下来吗？

Let us know your thoughts in the comments.

在评论区告诉我们你的想法。

Also, be sure to watch our other video called

此外，一定要观看我们的另一部视频，名为

How Long Do You Remain Conscious If Your Head Is Chopped Off.

《如果你的头被砍掉，你能保持多久的意识》。

Thanks for watching

感谢观看，

and as always,

像往常一样，

don't forget to like, share, and subscribe.

别忘了点赞、分享和订阅。

See you next time.

下次见。