英语回顾 - 6分钟英语：职场礼仪与正式程度：英语精读讲义

Hello.

你好。

The program you're about to listen to 語法

你即将收听的节目

was first broadcast in June 2009

首播于 2009 年 6 月，

on the BBC Learning English website.

播出平台是 BBC Learning English 网站。

For more English language learning programs and podcasts,

想获取更多英语学习节目和播客，

search for BBC Learning English.

请搜索 BBC Learning English。

Hello, this is 6-Minute English.

大家好，这里是《6-Minute English》。

I'm Jackie Dalton and with me today is Neil Edgeller.

我是 Jackie Dalton，今天和我在一起的是 Neil Edgeller。

Hello, sir.

您好，先生。

Sir?

先生？

Very unusual.

这太不寻常了。

You don't usually call me sir, Jackie. 語氣意圖

Jackie，你平时可不叫我先生的。

Uh no, I don't usually.

嗯，对，我平时不这么叫。

I usually call you Neil, don't I? 語法

我通常直接叫你 Neil，不是吗？

Yes, you do.

是的，没错。

And that's because we're colleagues and the way we interact in the office 語法

那是因为我们是同事，而且我们在办公室的交流方式

is pretty informal, really.

真的很随意。

It's quite relaxed.

相当轻松。

We just use each other's first names.

我们只叫对方的名字。

And the reason I called you sir is because the topic of today's program 語法

我之所以叫你先生，是因为今天节目的主题

is formality or lack of formality at work. 用詞

就是工作场所中的正式与非正式礼仪。

So, do you work somewhere where you can behave in a relaxed way around colleagues 短語搭配

那么，你的工作环境是可以和同事轻松相处，

or do you have to be very polite and maybe a bit distant? 用詞

还是必须保持非常礼貌，甚至有一点距离感呢？

Is there a dress code?

有关于着装的要求吗？

Yes, a dress code is the rules for what you should wear in a certain situation. 用詞

有的，着装要求就是规定你在特定场合该穿什么衣服的准则。

So, if a restaurant has a no jeans policy or dress code, 短語搭配

所以，如果一家餐厅有“禁止穿牛仔裤”的规定或着装要求，

it means you have to wear smart trousers. 用詞

那就意味着你必须穿体面的长裤。

You're not allowed in if you wear jeans. 語法

如果你穿牛仔裤就不允许进去。

Well, in a moment we'll be talking a bit about things have changed for us here.

好了，过会儿我们会聊聊这里的变化。

But first, I have a question for you.

但首先，我有个问题要问你。

Mhm.

嗯哼。

A survey was carried out in Britain into dress codes at work. 短語動詞

英国进行了一项关于职场着装要求的调查。

And I'd like you to guess what percentage of people 語氣意圖

我想请你猜猜，有多大比例的人

said they'd prefer to be given a precise dress code. 語法

表示他们更希望有明确的着装要求。

In other words, 表達脈絡

换句话说，

would prefer to be told what kind of clothes they should wear.

也就是更希望被告知他们应该穿什么样的衣服。

Was it 5%, 23%, or 85%?

是 5%、23% 还是 85%？

Well, I don't think people like being told what to wear, 語法

我觉得人们不喜欢被规定穿什么，

so I'm going to say 5%.

所以我猜是 5%。

Okay, well we'll find out at the end of the program 短語動詞

好的，我们在节目最后将会揭晓

whether your answer was correct.

你的答案是否正确。

Would you say the BBC World Service is a fairly formal place to work?

你认为 BBC 国际频道是一个工作氛围相当正式的地方吗？

It's quite a serious place, 用詞

这是一个相当严谨的地方，

but it's certainly not formal.

但绝对不算正式。

People wear pretty much what they want to wear. 短語搭配

人们基本上想穿什么就穿什么。

And most people are on first name terms, aren't they? 短語搭配

而且大多数人都是直呼其名，对吧？

Yes, they are.

对，没错。

That means that they don't call each other Mr. Smith or Mrs. Jones.

意思是他们不会互称史密斯先生或琼斯女士。

They call each other Brian and Keith.

他们互称 Brian 和 Keith。

Walking around here most of the time,

在这一带走动时，大多数时候

people you see look pretty casual, don't they? 用詞

你会看到人们打扮得相当随意，不是吗？

Yes, casual means the opposite of formal.

是的，“casual”的意思就是正式的相反面。

It's another way of saying informal.

它是表达非正式的另一种说法。

Well, it wasn't always so. 表達脈絡

其实，事情并不总是这样的。

Carrie has been around the BBC for nearly 30 years 用詞

Carrie 在 BBC 待了近 30 年，

and things used to be quite different when she joined. 語法

当她刚加入时，情况相当不同。

How would she have to address her boss? 用詞

那时她必须怎么称呼她的老板呢？

When I started in the BBC, my boss was very formal.

我刚开始在 BBC 工作时，我的老板非常正式。

Um he wore a suit and tie every day to work 短語搭配

嗯，他每天都穿西装打领带上班，

and you had to call him Mr. 語氣意圖

而且你必须称呼他为某某先生。

So, he was Mr. Bowman.

所以，他就是 Bowman 先生。

I wouldn't have dreamt of calling him Eric, which was his first name. 習語

我做梦也不会叫他 Eric，这是他的名。

On the other hand, he didn't actually call us um by Miss or Mrs. 講解

另一方面，他也并没有称呼我们为某某小姐或某某女士。

We were called by our first name because we were his underlings. 用詞

我们被直呼其名，因为我们是他的下属。

We were his staff.

我们是他的员工。

But the boss was always called Mr. or Mrs.

但老板总是被称为先生或女士。

But on actually most occasions,

不过实际上在大多数情况下，

it would have been Mr.

都会被称为先生。

Did you get that?

你听懂了吗？

She had to call her boss Mr.

她必须称呼她的老板先生。

So, they certainly weren't on first name terms.

所以他们绝对不是直呼其名的关系。

Well, Carrie also had to face even stricter rules after that.

然而，在那之后 Carrie 还面临过更严格的规定。

What did she have to do?

她必须做什么？

A couple of years after I started at the BBC,

我在 BBC 开始工作几年后，

I moved to a different department

转到了另一个部门，

and there was a lady in that department who ran an office 用詞

那个部门有位女士管理着一间办公室，

with about six or seven staff in it

里面大约有六七名员工，

and the staff had to ask permission if they wanted to go to the toilet. 短語搭配

员工如果要上厕所，必须请求许可。

They weren't allowed to just leave the office. 語法

他们不被允许随意离开办公室。

And in fact, she timed them sometimes, too, 用詞

事实上，她有时还会给他们计时，

and decided if they were too long in the toilet.

并判断他们上厕所的时间是否太长。

Carrie had to ask permission to go to the toilet?

Carrie 上厕所还要请求许可？

Yeah, to ask permission means to ask if you can do something,

对，请求许可意味着询问你是否可以做某事，

if it's allowed.

是否被允许。

Yes.

没错。

And in our office, we don't have that kind of regime anymore, do we? 用詞

而在我们的办公室里，早就没有那样的制度了，对吧？

We don't have to ask permission if we want to leave the room for a while. 語法

如果我们想离开房间一会儿，并不需要请求许可。

No, we can do pretty much what we want to do

不需要，我们基本上可以做想做的事，

as long as we finish our work. 語法

只要完成工作就行。

Exactly.

完全正确。

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Well, we're quite lucky sitting here in our jeans or corduroys

我们能穿着牛仔裤或灯芯绒裤坐在这里真的很幸运，

because there was a time when that would have been out of the question. 講解

因为曾有一段时间这简直是不可想象的。

Listen to Carrie again.

再听听 Carrie 的话。

What did newsreaders at the BBC used to have to wear 用詞

以前 BBC 的新闻播音员在播音时

while they were presenting?

必须穿什么呢？

Long, long before I joined,

在我加入的很久很久以前，

the newsreaders, which at those stations at that stage would have been on radio

那时各大电台的新闻播音员还在做广播节目，

rather than on television, 表達脈絡

而不是在电视上，

had to wear dinner jackets to read the news 用詞

他们必须穿着无尾晚礼服播报新闻，

even though nobody could see them other than the other people in the studio. 講解

尽管除了演播室里的其他人，没人能看见他们。

Neil, they had to wear dinner jackets

Neil，他们必须穿无尾晚礼服，

even when they were on radio and no one could see them.

即使他们在做广播，没人能看到他们。

Yes, a dinner jacket is that very formal style of suit

是的，“dinner jacket”就是那种非常正式的西装款式，

that people wear when they go out to a formal event,

人们在出席正式活动时穿的，

for example, at the Oscars or something like that.

比如奥斯卡颁奖典礼之类的地方。

It's that black jacket, uh black trousers and a bow tie,

它是那种黑色夹克、呃黑色长裤，搭配一个领结，

not a normal tie, a very small bow tie.

不是普通的领带，是一个很小的领结。

Uh this kind of suit is often called a tuxedo as well. 用詞

呃，这种西装通常也被称为“tuxedo”。

A few decades ago in some workplaces in Britain,

几十年前，在英国的一些工作场所，

this concept of dress down Fridays was introduced. 文化背景

引入了“休闲星期五”的概念。

Dress down Friday means that

休闲星期五的意思是，

during the rest of the week,

在一周的其余时间里，

you wear quite smart clothes,

你要穿相当正式考究的衣服，

maybe a shirt and tie, possibly a suit.

比如衬衫加领带，或者可能是西装。

Uh and on a Friday, you can come in 短語搭配

呃，而在星期五，你就可以

in your jeans, T-shirt, whatever you want.

穿牛仔裤、T恤或任何你想穿的衣服来上班。

You dress down. 短語動詞

你穿得比较随意。

It's less formal.

也就是没那么正式了。

Well, let's have a quick reminder of some of the vocabulary that we've looked at.

好了，让我们快速复习一下我们看过的词汇。

We've had casual, which also means the same as informal.

我们提到了“casual”，和“informal”意思一样。

We've had formal, which means the opposite.

我们提到了“formal”，意思是相反的。

First name terms, which means being able to call somebody by their first name

“First name terms”，意思是能够直呼某人的名字

and not Mr. something.

而不是叫某某先生。

We have dress codes, which is the rules about what you should wear.

我们提到了“dress codes”，也就是关于你该穿什么的规定。

We've had dinner jacket, which Neil, you just explained,

我们提到了“dinner jacket”，Neil 你刚刚解释过的，

a certain formal suit.

某种正式西装。

And we had to ask permission, which means to ask if you can do something,

还有“to ask permission”，意思就是询问你是否可以做某事，

if it's allowed.

是否被允许。

And finally, the answer to this week's tricky question.

最后，揭晓本周难题的答案。

I asked what percentage of people in Britain

我问过，英国有多大比例的人

said they would prefer to have a precise dress code

表示他们更希望有明确的着装要求，

and you said 5%, Neil.

Neil，你说的是 5%。

Mhm.

嗯哼。

Uh and you're absolutely wrong.

呃，你完全错了。

It's 85%, believe it or not, 語氣意圖

信不信由你，是 85%，

which I find shocking. 語法

这让我感到非常震惊。

That's really disappointing.

真让人失望。

People have got no imagination. 用詞

大家真是毫无想象力。

Exactly.

没错。

So, I can take it from that, Neil, 短語搭配

所以由此我可以推断，Neil，

that you prefer to work in a fairly informal environment.

你更喜欢在一个相当非正式的环境中工作。

Exactly.

正是如此。

I mean, what I'm wearing at the moment 語氣意圖

我是说，我现在的穿着

is what I wore in bed.

就是我睡觉时穿的。

Well, that's all for this week.

好了，本周节目就到这里。

But do join us again soon 語法

但请务必尽快再次加入我们，

for more 6-Minute English.

收听更多《6-Minute English》。

Goodbye.

再见。

Bye.

拜拜。

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