礼貌有多重要？ ⏲️ 6分钟英语：英语精读讲义

Six Minute English from bbclearningenglish.com.

来自 bbclearningenglish.com 的《六分钟英语》。

Hello, this is Six Minute English from BBC Learning English.

大家好，这里是 BBC Learning English 的《六分钟英语》。

I'm Neil.

我是 Neil。

And I'm Beth.

我是 Beth。

In this program, we're talking about politeness. 表達脈絡

在本期节目中，我们将讨论礼貌。

Britain has a reputation for being a polite place 短語搭配

英国素来以讲究礼貌而闻名，

where children are told to say please and thank you. 語法

在这里，孩子们被教导要说“请”和“谢谢”。

But in real life, that isn't always true. 短語搭配

但在现实生活中，情况并非总是如此。

You, give me that pen. 語氣意圖

你，把那支笔给我。

I'm sorry.

不好意思。

That was a bit rude. 語氣意圖

那有点粗鲁了。

Well, what should I have said? 語法

好吧，那我应该怎么说？

How about 語氣意圖

这样如何：

Neil, please, could you pass me the pen? 語氣意圖

Neil，能请你把笔递给我吗？

Fine.

好的。

Neil, could you please pass me the pen?

Neil，能请你把笔递给我吗？

There you go. 短語搭配

给你。

That's much better.

这样好多了。

Now, listen as BBC Radio 4 presenter Michael Rosen,

现在，请听 BBC Radio 4 的主持人 Michael Rosen——

who is a well-known poet and children's author in Britain,

他是英国著名的诗人和儿童作家——

describes what happened to him one day.

描述某天发生在他身上的一件事。

Recently, this is how it went. 表達脈絡

最近，事情是这样的。

A boy was walking past me in the street,

一个男孩在街上从我身旁走过，

stopped and said,

停下来说：

"Hey, you're thingy, innit! 講解

“嘿，你是那个谁，对吧！

Now, that one seems to break all the rules. 習語

那么，这句话似乎打破了所有的规则。

And because it broke the rules,

而且因为它打破了规则，

it gave me a problem.

这给我出了个难题。

How do I answer it?

我该如何回答呢？

A boy saw Michael Rosen and said,

一个男孩看到了 Michael Rosen 并说：

"Hey, you're innit!

“嘿，你是……对吧！

He used the word thingy because,

他用了 thingy（那个谁）这个词，因为

although he recognised Michael,

尽管他认出了 Michael，

he couldn't remember his name.

却不记得他的名字了。

He also said,

他还说，

innit,

innit，

which is short for "isn't it," 短語搭配

这是 isn't it 的缩写，

to emphasise what he'd said.

用来强调他所说的话。

So, was the boy being impolite

那么，这个男孩是不礼貌呢，

or was he just happy meeting a famous person in the street?

还是仅仅因为在街上遇到名人而感到高兴？

And why do we teach kids to be polite in the first place? 短語搭配

以及我们一开始为什么要教孩子懂礼貌？

That's what we'll be discussing in this program, 表達脈絡

这就是我们将要在本期节目中探讨的内容，

using some useful new vocabulary.

同时还会学习一些有用的新词汇。

But first,

但首先，

I have a question for you, Neil.

Neil，我有一个问题要问你。

The British are well known for being polite, as we've said,

正如我们所说，英国人以礼貌著称，

and there's even an idiom we use in certain situations

我们甚至在某些特定场合下使用一个习语，

to remind someone to be especially polite.

来提醒某人要格外讲礼貌。

But what is it?

但它是什么呢？

Is it A, mind your A's and B's?

是 A，mind your A's and B's 吗？

B, mind your P's and Q's?

是 B，mind your P's and Q's 吗？

Or C, mind your X's and Y's?

还是 C，mind your X's and Y's 吗？

Well, I know the answer to this,

好的，我知道答案，

but I'm going to say C, mind your X's and Y's,

但我选 C，mind your X's and Y's，

because I think it's brilliant.

因为我觉得它很绝妙。

Okay, interesting.

好的，有意思。

Well, we'll find out the correct answer later in the program. 短語動詞

好吧，我们将在节目的后半部分揭晓正确答案。

So, let's return to the boy who said, 表達脈絡

那么，让我们回到那个男孩，他对

"Hey, you're thingy, innit!

著名诗人 Michael Rosen 说：

to famous poet Michael Rosen.

“嘿，你是那个谁，对吧！

Was that impolite or not?

那是不礼貌吗？

Professor Louise Mullany, who studies the language of politeness,

研究礼貌语言的 Louise Mullany 教授

has an answer.

给出了答案。

She thinks that politeness is as much to do with the person being spoken to 語法

她认为礼貌在很大程度上既与听话者有关，

as the person speaking, as she explained to BBC Radio 4 program Word of Mouth.

也与说话者有关，正如她在 BBC Radio 4 节目《Word of Mouth》中所解释的那样。

I think the crucial thing there is in how you've perceived it. 用詞

我认为其中的关键在于你是如何看待它的。

So, obviously, he's not giving us the conventional, 用詞

所以很明显，他没有给出常规的

"Oh, good afternoon, Mr. Rosen,"

“哦，下午好，Rosen 先生”，

or a more formal approach.

或者更正式的打招呼方式。

It's very, very informal.

这是非常非常不正式的。

And he can't remember your name,

他不记得你的名字，

and he's saying innit!

然后他说 innit！

Now, that has been interpreted by you as non-threatening to you. 語法

那么，你把这解释为对你没有威胁。

You don't see him as insulting you, 語法

你不认为他是在侮辱你，

and you're actually quite kindly disposed to that person.

实际上你对那个人相当有好感。

So, you haven't interpreted it as offensive or aggressive.

所以你并没有把它理解为冒犯或具有攻击性的。

You've said, I think you described it as being quite civil, actually. 用詞

你说过，我想你是把它描述为相当客气的。

Michael Rosen didn't feel that the boy was insulting him.

Michael Rosen 并没有觉得男孩在侮辱他。

To insult someone means to be rude or offensive to them. 用詞

侮辱（insult）某人意味着对他们粗鲁或无礼。

Although his speech was very informal, 語法

尽管他的话语非常不正式，

Michael thought the boy was actually pleased to see him,

Michael 认为男孩其实见到他很高兴，

not rude at all.

一点也不粗鲁。

Michael was well disposed to the boy. 用詞

Michael 对男孩抱有好感（well disposed）。

He liked and approved of him.

他喜欢并认可他。

So, you could say that politeness is subjective. 用詞

所以你可以说礼貌是主观的。

If Michael doesn't feel offended, 表達脈絡

如果 Michael 没有觉得被冒犯，

then where is the offense?

那冒犯又从何谈起呢？

Then why do we teach children to be polite at all?

那我们到底为什么要教孩子讲礼貌呢？

Well, according to Professor Mulaney,

那么，根据 Mullany 教授的说法，

it's to do with the rules of society. 短語搭配

这与社会规则有关。

That's right.

没错。

Louise thinks that by teaching our kids politeness, 語法

Louise 认为，通过教导我们的孩子懂礼貌，

they enjoy the benefits of being accepted in society. 短語搭配

他们能享受到被社会接纳的好处。

So, imagine how embarrassed she felt 表達脈絡

所以想象一下，她感到多么尴尬，

when her 2-year-old daughter repeatedly ignored the cook at her nursery school

当她两岁的女儿在幼儿园多次无视厨师，

and refused to say hello. 短語搭配

并且拒绝问好时。

Here's Louise Melanie telling the story to BBC Radio 4's Word of Mouth.

以下是 Louise Mullany 在 BBC Radio 4 的《Word of Mouth》讲述这个故事。

The cook looked so disappointed.

厨师看起来非常失望。

And as I mentioned in the book,

正如我在书中所提到的，

it felt to me like there were lots of other children 語法

我感觉好像有许多其他的孩子

skipping and skipping and jumping past going, "Hello." 表達脈絡

蹦蹦跳跳地走过去说：“你好。”

Being really friendly children.

他们是非常友好的孩子。

And my daughter was just there,

而我女儿就呆在那里，

and we started to make excuses for her, 短語搭配

我们开始为她找借口，

like, "Oh, she's tired.

比如，“哦，她累了。

Oh, she's teething. 用詞

哦，她在长牙。

She's this and she's that."

她这呀那的。”

Because the embarrassment was so strong, 語法

因为这种尴尬太过强烈，

and I felt awful walking back past the kitchen on my way out. 講解

当我出去时再次走过厨房，我感觉糟透了。

I was almost trying to hide my face going, 習語

我几乎是想把脸藏起来，心想，

"I'm the one with the really rude child."

“我就是那个带着特别没礼貌孩子的人。”

When her daughter didn't say hello to an adult,

当她的女儿没有向一个成年人问好时，

Louise made excuses for her.

Louise 为她找借口（make excuses）了。

If you make excuses for someone,

如果你为某人找借口，

you try to explain the reasons for their behavior.

你就是在试图解释他们这么做的原因。

For example, Louise said her daughter was tired.

例如，Louise 说她女儿累了。

She was growing new teeth.

她正在长新牙。

She was this and that.

她这呀那的。

The idiom this and that can be used to describe various unspecified things.

this and that 这个习语可用来描述各种未具体说明的事情。

For example, if someone asks what you did this afternoon,

例如，如果有人问你今天下午做了什么，

you might reply,

你可以回答，

"Oh, not much.

“哦，没做什么。

I stayed at home.

我待在家里。

I watched TV.

我看了电视。

I did this and that." 習語

我忙了点这个和那个（this and that）。”

Politeness means different things to different people, 短語搭配

礼貌对不同的人意味着不同的事情，

but we still like it when people are polite to us.

但当人们对我们有礼貌时，我们仍然会很受用。

And I think the polite thing to do now is reveal the answer to my question, 語法

而且我认为现在讲礼貌的做法就是揭晓我问题的答案，

Neil. So, the idiom that we use to remind someone to be polite

Neil。所以，我们用来提醒某人要有礼貌的习语

is not mind your X's and Y's.

并不是 mind your X's and Y's。

I'm sorry, Neil.

抱歉，Neil。

It's mind your P's and Q's. 習語

而是 mind your P's and Q's。

That's a shame. 語氣意圖

真遗憾。

X's and Y's is much better.

X's and Y's 明明更好。

Okay, now let's recap the vocabulary we've learnt, 表達脈絡

好了，现在让我们来复习一下所学的词汇，

starting with thingy,

首先是 thingy，

an informal word that's used if you can't remember someone's or something's name.

这是一个非正式词语，用于你不记得某人或某物的名字时。

People also use the slang words what's-his-name or what's-her-name for the same reason. 用詞

人们也出于同样的原因使用俚语 what's-his-name 或 what's-her-name。

In it is a short form of the tag question isn't it? 用詞

In it 是附加疑问句 isn't it 的缩写。

It's used to add emphasis to a statement.

它被用来给陈述句增加强调语气。

The adjective insulting means rude or offensive.

形容词 insulting 意味着粗鲁的或冒犯的。

If you are well disposed to someone,

如果你对某人 well disposed，

you like and approve of them.

说明你喜欢并认可他们。

When you make excuses for someone,

当你为某人 make excuses，

you explain the reasons for their bad behavior.

你就是在为他们的不良行为解释原因。

And finally, the idiom this and that describes various unspecified things.

最后，习语 this and that 描述的是各种未指明的事物。

Once again,

再一次，

our Six minutes are up,

我们的六分钟时间到了，

but why not test yourself with the program quiz and worksheet available now on our website, 語氣意圖

不过何不拿我们网站上现有的节目测试和小练习来考考自己呢？

bbclearningenglish.com.

网址是 bbclearningenglish.com。

Goodbye for now.

先说到这里了。

Bye.

再见。

Six Minute English from bbclearningenglish.com.

来自 bbclearningenglish.com 的《六分钟英语》。