戒掉大麻后会发生什么？：英语精读讲义

Right now, 55 million Americans use marijuana.

目前，有5500万美国人使用大麻。

And in Canada, marijuana dispensaries are popping up everywhere like they're Tim Hortons for weed. 講解

而在加拿大，大麻专卖店正像“大麻版 Tim Hortons”一样遍地开花。

And I in Toronto can even order these little THC drinks delivered to my front door from the Canadian government.

而我在多伦多，甚至可以从加拿大政府那里下单，让人把这些小瓶装 THC 饮料送到我家门口。

Thanks, Justin.

谢了，Justin。

Weed is being pitched to us as kind of amazing, right? 短語搭配

现在大麻被宣传得好像特别神奇，对吧？

Well, a recent survey found that 4.3% of Americans have tried to quit marijuana at least six times and failed.

最近一项调查发现，4.3%的美国人至少尝试过六次戒大麻，却都失败了。

Plus, now withdrawal symptoms are being fully understood.

而且，如今人们也开始全面了解大麻的戒断症状。

So, today we are going to explain exactly what happens to your body when you try to quit weed.

所以，今天我们就来详细解释，当你尝试戒掉大麻时，身体究竟会发生什么。

Day one to two of quitting is when withdrawal symptoms start.

戒大麻后的第一到第二天，戒断症状开始出现。

A meta-analysis of over 23,000 people found that 用詞

一项涵盖超过23000人的荟萃分析发现，

47% had at least three of the following withdrawal symptoms:

47%的人出现了以下至少三种戒断症状：

nausea, headaches, depressed mood, difficulty getting to sleep, 短語搭配

恶心、头痛、情绪低落、难以入睡、

sweating, anger, nervousness, decreased appetite, and strange dreams.

出汗、愤怒、紧张、食欲下降，以及做怪梦。

Ding!

叮！

Now, the risk of withdrawal symptoms

现在，出现戒断症状的风险

is proportional to the amount of marijuana you've been consuming. 短語搭配

与你之前的大麻摄入量成正比。

For example, someone who consumed marijuana three times a week

例如，每周使用三次大麻的人

would likely have less withdrawal symptoms than someone who consumed marijuana every day. 語法

戒断症状很可能比每天使用大麻的人更轻。

Day three of quitting is when irritability and anxiety peak.

戒大麻的第三天，易怒和焦虑会达到顶峰。

Thankfully, they begin to dissipate in the coming days,

好在接下来的几天里，这些症状会开始消退，

but on the other hand, the strange dreams and difficulty getting to sleep only begin to increase on day three. 表達脈絡

但另一方面，怪梦和入睡困难却要到第三天才开始加剧。

This information has led to new research suggesting that 表達脈絡

这些信息催生了新的研究，研究认为

chronic cannabis users may induce intrinsic sleep problems.

长期使用大麻的人，可能会因此产生内在的睡眠问题。

Around day four of quitting is when the amazing physiological changes in your brain start to occur.

戒大麻大约到第四天时，大脑中惊人的生理变化就开始发生了。

Marijuana contains molecules which mimic natural neurotransmitters that are already in your brain called cannabinoids.

大麻含有一些分子，它们会模仿大脑中本来就存在的一类天然神经递质，这类递质叫作大麻素。

At baseline, cannabinoids circulate at lower quantities in your body, 用詞

正常情况下，大麻素在你体内的含量比较低，

but when you ingest marijuana, you create an influx of cannabinoids into your system. 短語搭配

但摄入大麻后，大量大麻素会涌入你的身体系统。

Most specifically,

更确切地说，就是

an increase in the psychoactive component THC, aka Delta-9 tetrahydrocannabinol, 用詞

具有精神活性的成分 THC，也就是 Delta-9 四氢大麻酚，会大量增加，

which is what I like to call it.

而我就喜欢这么叫它。

THC is for noobs. 用詞

THC 是菜鸟才用的叫法。

When I see someone with an edible, I say,

当我看到有人拿着一份食用型大麻制品时，我会问：

"How much Delta-9 tetrahydrocannabinol you got in there, bud?"

“哥们儿，你这里面有多少 Delta-9 四氢大麻酚？”

The THC you've consumed while getting stoned resembles the natural neurotransmitter anandamide 用詞

你在嗨起来时摄入的 THC，与天然神经递质花生四烯酸乙醇胺很相似

and creates increased neuronal activity in certain parts of your brain,

并会增强大脑某些区域的神经元活动，

which cause thoughts, imagination, and perception to magnify.

从而放大你的思维、想象和感知。

The THC binding to your neurons also affects dopamine and norepinephrine levels in the body,

THC 与神经元结合时，还会影响体内的多巴胺和去甲肾上腺素水平，

which can lead to euphoria, pain modulation, and anxiety.

从而可能引发欣快感、调节疼痛，也可能导致焦虑。

But the thing is, as you continue to consume weed, it becomes harder to quit. 表達脈絡

但问题在于，随着你继续使用大麻，它会变得越来越难戒。

You start to create a desensitization and down-regulation of your endocannabinoid receptors, 用詞

你的内源性大麻素受体会开始出现脱敏和下调，

specifically the CB1 receptor.

尤其是 CB1 受体。

Since this receptor modulates systems of short-term memory,

由于这种受体会调节短期记忆系统，

increased cannabis use means a decrease in short-term memory.

大麻用得越多，短期记忆就会越差。

THC also affects neurons involved in the experience of novelty.

THC 还会影响那些参与新奇感体验的神经元。

When THC binds specific neurons,

当 THC 与特定神经元结合时，

the influx creates an exciting sense of novelty 短語搭配

这股涌入会带来令人兴奋的新奇感，

even for mundane repetitive tasks like washing dishes.

哪怕是在洗碗这种单调重复的事情上。

It's why you might get stoned and walk down your same street and feel like everything is heightened.

这就是为什么你吸嗨后走在同一条街上，可能会觉得一切感受都被放大了。

It's like, "Wow, is everything in bloom?

就像：“哇，一切都在开花吗？

It's the middle of winter."

现在可是隆冬啊。”

But regular cannabis use leads to the down-regulation of these same neurons,

但经常使用大麻，会导致同一批神经元也出现下调，

making it harder to quit and making it harder to feel the bliss of a new experience while sober. 語法

不仅让大麻更难戒，也让你在清醒时更难感受到全新体验带来的喜悦。

After too much weed, you might go to Paris for the first time and see the Eiffel Tower and be like,

大麻用得太多后，你可能第一次去巴黎、看到埃菲尔铁塔，却来一句：

"That's it. 語氣意圖

“就这？

Is it a lighthouse?

它是灯塔吗？

Oh, it's pointless.

哦，真没意思。

Okay, cool.

行吧，挺酷。

Should we go up it? 語氣意圖

我们要上去吗？

No, let's not go up it.

不，还是别上去了。

We should just go home."

我们还是直接回家吧。”

But thankfully, on day four of quitting marijuana,

但好在，戒大麻到了第四天，

the CB1 cannabinoid receptors will likely have returned to normal functioning. 語法

CB1 大麻素受体很可能已经恢复正常功能。

Essentially, it only takes around four days of quitting marijuana 語法

简单来说，只要戒大麻四天左右，

for the neuronal changes in your brain to go back to baseline.

大脑中的神经元变化就会恢复到基准状态。

Now, this is new research, and I think it is important that we continue to study this,

这是一项新研究，我认为我们必须继续研究下去，

especially as the popularity of weed skyrockets. 表達脈絡

尤其是在大麻越来越受欢迎的情况下。

We need lots of long-term evidence about how this could be affecting our brains.

我们需要大量长期证据，才能了解这可能会如何影响大脑。

I am focusing on how the THC affects the systems in your body.

我这里重点讲的是 THC 会如何影响你体内的各个系统。

How you get that THC into you might involve smoking,

要把 THC 摄入体内，你可能会选择吸食，

and the act of smoking could have lasting effects on your lungs. 短語搭配

而抽烟这种行为本身可能会对肺部造成持久影响。

But there is actually a specific way that the THC in your system

不过，体内的 THC 确实可能通过一种特定方式，

can have longer impacts on your neurology in your brain.

对大脑神经系统造成更持久的影响。

If you consume too much marijuana during development, such as in adolescence,

如果你在发育阶段摄入过多大麻，比如青春期，

you can create long-term neurophysiological effects.

就可能造成长期的神经生理影响。

So, yeah, I started smoking weed in grade 10, which by definition is adolescence. 表達脈絡

所以，没错，我十年级时就开始吸大麻了，而严格按定义，那就是青春期。

So, whoopsies. 用詞

所以，哎呀，糟糕。

As a closeted gay kid in a high school with no other gay kids, 用詞

当时我是个未出柜的同性恋少年，而我的高中里又没有其他同性恋学生，

I was sort of drawn to that stoner skater crowd because, 短語搭配

所以我有点被那群爱抽大麻的滑板少年吸引，因为

to be honest, they were the most fashionable. 語氣意圖

说实话，他们最时髦。

I also always had this gay voice,

而且我说话一直带着那种“同志腔”，

so when people would come up to me and be like, 講解

所以别人会走过来对我说：

"You're gay," I'd be like,

“你是同性恋。”我就会说：

"Actually, no.

“其实，不是。

I'm sort of like a quirky cool like skater, bro.

我就是那种有点古怪、很酷的滑板少年，哥们儿。

I'm Avril Lavigne but a boy. 文化背景

我是男版 Avril Lavigne。

Get it?"

懂了吧？”

As a queer kid, weirdly, weed was an asset for me. 用詞

说来也怪，作为一个酷儿少年，大麻当时反倒成了我的一项优势。

But all those reasons aside, 表達脈絡

但撇开这些理由不谈，

scientific evidence now suggests that I could have been doing long-term damage to my neurophysiology. 語法

如今有科学证据表明，我当时可能一直在对自己的神经生理系统造成长期损害。

So, was it worth it? 語氣意圖

所以，这值得吗？

Because when it comes to marijuana's lasting neuronal effects, 表達脈絡

因为说到大麻对神经元的持久影响，

the age of your brain matters.

你的大脑年龄很重要。

Okay, but back to day five to seven of quitting weed. 表達脈絡

好了，回到戒大麻的第五到第七天。

A recent study found most people who tried to quit marijuana would fail on days five to seven.

最近一项研究发现，大多数试图戒大麻的人都会在第五到第七天失败。

And it was hardest for people who were dependent on marijuana.

而对已经依赖大麻的人来说，这几天最难熬。

Marijuana dependence can be defined as someone who has consumed weed daily for 10 years 用詞

所谓大麻依赖，可以指一个人连续10年每天使用大麻，

and has attempted to quit numerous times but not made it past day seven.

并且尝试戒过很多次，却从未撑过第七天。

It can also be defined by a continued use of marijuana despite social, psychological, and physical impairments. 語法

也可以指一个人尽管在社交、心理和身体方面受到损害，却仍继续使用大麻。

It should be noted that although many scientists agree that marijuana dependence does exist, 表達脈絡

需要说明的是，尽管许多科学家都认同大麻依赖确实存在，

they also agree that dependence on marijuana

他们也一致认为，大麻依赖

is less severe than dependence on alcohol, cocaine, or opiates. 語法

不如酒精、可卡因或阿片类药物依赖严重。

But for marijuana, days five to seven are important days to focus on when trying to quit

但对戒大麻来说，第五到第七天是尤其需要关注的阶段，

as statistically they are the biggest hurdle. 習語

因为从统计上看，这是最大的一道坎。

I mean, I feel this. 語氣意圖

这我太有体会了。

I still consume weed.

我现在还是会用大麻。

Yes, it's been decades, thankfully not daily,

没错，已经用了几十年，好在不是每天都用，

but I do wonder if I'm dependent.

但我确实会怀疑自己是不是已经产生了依赖。

And it is on day five to seven where I usually find myself ordering a little edible from the gov gov 語法

而我通常就是在第五到第七天，忍不住又从政府那边订一小份食用型大麻制品，

and taking my Just Dance skills to the next level. 習語

然后把我的《舞力全开》水平提升到新高度。

It's also honestly because the weekend comes and I want to watch a movie stoned.

老实说，这也是因为周末到了，我想嗨着看电影。

To be honest, in my adult years, I don't know if I've ever entered a movie theater not stoned.

说真的，成年以后，我都不确定自己有没有哪次进电影院时是没嗨的。

For me, movie theaters represent the munchies and spending about $79,000 on their largest popcorn, 講解

对我来说，电影院就意味着嗨后食欲大开，还要花大约79000美元买一桶最大号爆米花，

also getting chocolate to pour into the popcorn,

还得买巧克力，倒进爆米花里，

then the gummies to eat to take the popcorn out of my teeth while I'm eating the popcorn,

再吃软糖，好把我吃爆米花时卡进牙缝里的爆米花弄出来，

and also nachos with an extra fake cheese so I have enough fake cheese to kill a small horse. 習語

还要来份玉米片，多加人造芝士酱，多到足以放倒一匹小马。

But finally, if you make it to day 28 of no weed, 短語動詞

但最终，如果你能坚持到戒大麻的第28天，

all withdrawal symptoms disappear.

所有戒断症状都会消失。

Your affected endocannabinoid system and CB1 receptors will return to baseline, 短語搭配

受到影响的内源性大麻素系统和 CB1 受体都会恢复到基准状态，

and you might be able to understand a movie.

而且你也许终于能看懂一部电影了。

So, I'm not saying that you just have to go out there and quit weed right now. 語氣意圖

所以，我并不是说你现在就必须立刻戒大麻。

For example, that's not what I'm planning to do.

比如，我自己就没这个打算。

But I think it's really important to understand what will happen to you if you do decide to quit. 語法

但我认为，如果真决定戒掉，了解自己会经历什么，真的非常重要。

Life is hard,

生活很艰难，

and I do think that education and learning is what allows you to make the best choices for you. 短語搭配

而我确实认为，教育和学习能让你做出最适合自己的选择。

And I think science shows us that quitting weed isn't as easy as we might think it is. 語法

我也认为，科学向我们表明，戒大麻并不像我们想象的那么容易。

You can click a link to our podcast where we discuss more about the science of quitting weed.

你可以点击链接收听我们的播客，我们会在其中进一步探讨戒大麻的科学。

Make sure you're subscribed, and we'll see you next week for a new science video.

记得订阅，我们下周的新科学视频再见。

Peace.

拜拜。