学校已崩溃。AI来拯救。：英语精读讲义

Hello Internet.

你好，互联网。

Recently YouTube invited me to California for a conference

最近，YouTube邀请我去加州参加一场会议，

with a bunch of really interesting people.

遇到了一群非常有趣的人。

There were many talks

那里有很多演讲，

and giant balloons

还有巨大的气球，

and much discussion of what the future of education might look like,

以及很多关于未来教育会是什么样子的讨论，

which is no small issue 習語

这可不是个小问题，

because how society raises the next generation of scientists,

因为社会如何培养下一代的科学家、

doctors, and programmers

医生和程序员，

shapes the future of human civilization.

将塑造人类文明的未来。

It was an amazing few days and

这是一个美妙的几天，而且

if you'll tolerate my ramblings, 語氣意圖

如果你能忍受我的啰嗦，

I'd like to share some of my thoughts on this

我想分享一些我对这个问题的看法，

as someone who's worked as an educator 表達脈絡

作为一个曾从事教育工作的人，

both in and out of schools.

无论是在学校内外。

This is how schools have pretty much always looked,

这就是学校几乎一直以来的样子，

a guy in the front

一个人站在前面，

who knows all the things

他什么都懂，

and students who don't,

而学生们都不懂，

so the guy tells them.

所以这个人就把知识告诉他们。

But a teacher explains things at the right pace

但是，在一节课上，老师讲课的节奏

for maybe one student in the room during a lesson.

也许只适合教室里的某一个学生。

Everyone else is either bored 語法

其他人要么觉得无聊，

because they already understand the material

因为他们已经掌握了这些知识，

or lost because they're missing knowledge

要么感到迷茫，因为他们缺乏

they should already have.

那些本该已经掌握的知识。

But at the end of the lesson,

但是在课程结束时，

regardless of student understanding, 短語搭配

无论学生是否理解，

the curriculum marches relentlessly on. 習語

教学大纲都在无情地继续推进。

And whether the teacher uses a blackboard,

无论老师使用的是黑板、

whiteboard, or SMARTboard,

白板还是智能黑板，

and whether the students use tablets,

无论学生使用的是平板电脑、

paper, or tablets again,

纸张，或者还是平板电脑，

this system isn't really any different.

这个系统其实没有任何区别。

It's just technology doing the same thing 習語

这只是技术在做同样的事情，

in a shinier way.

只是换了一种更光鲜的方式。

But the Internet is different

但是互联网是不同的，

and behind the scenes 習語

在幕后，

something interesting is happening

正在发生一些有趣的事情，

that hints at the shape of things to come. 習語

暗示了未来事物的形态。

In a perfect school,

在一个完美的学校里，

each student would have a personal tutor, 語法

每个学生都会有一个私人导师，

like Aristotle to Alexander the Great. 文化背景

就像亚里士多德教导亚历山大大帝那样。

But if your education policy is Aristotle for everyone,

但是，如果你的教育政策是每个人都配一个亚里士多德，

then there are three big problems with this.

那就会面临三个大问题。

First,

首先，

there aren't enough humans on Earth

地球上没有足够的人类

to individually tutor every child,

来对每个孩子进行一对一的辅导，

and even if there were, 語法

即使有，

it would be horrifically expensive.

那也将花费极其高昂的代价。

And even if neither manpower nor money was a problem, 語法

退一步讲，即使人力和资金都不是问题，

not everyone is as good a tutor as Aristotle. 語法

也不是每个人都能像亚里士多德那样成为好导师。

But technology is solving these problems,

但是技术正在解决这些问题，

starting with number one. 表達脈絡

从第一个问题开始。

For who needs humans when the Internet 表達脈絡

毕竟，当互联网能教你所有的东西时，

can teach you all the things?

谁还需要人类呢？

Want to learn calculus?

想学微积分吗？

Get started. 短語搭配

现在就开始吧。

Need an AP Biology course?

需要一门AP生物课？

Go watch this one

去看这门课，

along with hundreds of thousands of other students.

还有成千上万的其他学生陪你一起。

The Internet massively multiplies the audience of potential teachers

互联网大大增加了潜在教师的受众群体，

and solves the manpower problem.

并解决了人力问题。

But isn't cheerleading the Internet 用詞

但是，为互联网欢呼，

the same thing I was complaining about before,

不正是我之前抱怨的那样吗，

new tech doing old things

即用新技术做旧事情，

just with more shiny?

只是看着更光鲜？

After all, if you were a pre-Internet child 表達脈絡

毕竟，如果你是一个在互联网出现之前出生的

with bookish inclinations, 用詞

喜欢读书的孩子，

there's always been a place to teach you all the things.

世界上总有地方可以教你所有的东西。

And people thought that radio and TV

人们曾经认为广播和电视

were going to revolutionize education

将彻底改变教育，

by giving teachers huge audiences,

给老师们带来庞大的受众，

but here we still are. 表達脈絡

但我们现在还是老样子。

These are good points,

质疑得有道理，

but the Internet also solves the cost problem

但互联网还以一种广播和电视永远无法做到的方式，

in a way that radio and TV never could.

解决了成本问题。

Real shows are expensive to make,

制作真正的电视节目很昂贵，

and even the best of educational TV

即使是最优秀的教育电视节目

often gets pushed aside for dumber, 短語動詞

往往也会被更低俗、

more popular stuff that,

更受欢迎的内容挤到一边，

not coincidentally, 表達脈絡

这并非巧合，

is also more profitable.

因为这些内容也更赚钱。

This is known as the History Channel effect. 文化背景

这就是所谓的“历史频道效应”。

But the cost to access the Internet

但是访问互联网的成本

is only going down,

却在不断下降，

as is the cost to make stuff for the Internet, 語法

制作互联网内容的成本也是如此，

which is why a guy with some paper and a marker in his bedroom

这就是为什么一个男人在卧室里拿着纸和马克笔，

can pull in a million views a month 短語動詞

就能以几乎零成本的方式

at essentially zero cost 短語搭配

获得每月一百万的观看量，

and doesn't have to worry about competition

而且不必担心

from stuff like this.

类似这种内容的竞争。

So the Internet solves problems one and two,

所以，互联网解决了第一和第二个问题，

but educational videos still aren't personalized to students,

但是教育视频仍然不是为学生量身定制的，

and that leaves YouTube as a library of video,

这让YouTube仅仅是一个视频库，

not a tutor like Aristotle.

而不是像亚里士多德那样的导师。

But you can build on top of YouTube, 短語動詞

但是你可以在YouTube的基础上进行构建，

and what I see coming is this: 表達脈絡

我看到未来将会是这样的：

digital Aristotle for everyone. 習語

每个人的“数字亚里士多德”。

A computer program that tutors students individually

一个能够通过从像YouTube这样的视频库中提取内容，

by pulling from a library of videos like YouTube, 短語搭配

对学生进行个性化辅导的计算机程序，

a program that tests students on what they know,

一个能够测试学生知识掌握情况的程序，

and more importantly, 表達脈絡

更重要的是，

adapts to the way they learn over time 短語搭配

它能随着时间的推移适应学生的学习方式，

by comparing the effectiveness of different videos 語法

通过比较不同视频

and different tests to discover,

和不同测试的有效性，来科学地

scientifically,

发现

what works best.

什么最有效。

This isn't a fantasy. 表達脈絡

这不是幻想。

There are people building parts of this right now,

现在就有人在构建其中的部分功能，

even if digital Aristotle isn't their explicit goal. 語法

即使“数字亚里士多德”并不是他们明确的目标。

And one of these places is the Khan Academy,

其中一个地方就是可汗学院，

which is more than just Sal's soothing voice. 語法

它可不仅仅是萨尔那舒缓的声音。

If this does not blow your mind, 習語

如果这都没有让你大吃一惊，

you have no emotion.

那说明你毫无感情。

Behind the website is incredibly complicated software

网站背后是非常复杂的软件，

testing everything about student learning,

它测试着关于学生学习的一切，

the effectiveness of different videos,

包括不同视频的有效性，

different tests,

不同的测试题，

and different ways of asking questions.

以及不同的提问方式。

And while it may seem primitive now, 語法

虽然现在看来可能还很原始，

technology only gets better faster.

但技术只会发展得越来越快。

When digital Aristotle arrives,

当“数字亚里士多德”到来时，

it will be cheaper,

它将会更便宜，

less labor-intensive,

更省力，

and better than human teachers ever could be.

并且比人类教师所能做到的更好。

I often hear the argument that digital Aristotle

我经常听到这样的论点，认为“数字亚里士多德”

or something like it will free teachers

或类似的东西将解放教师，

to float around the classroom helping kids

让他们在教室里走动，帮助孩子们

work on interesting projects.

参与有趣的项目。

And while that might happen in the near term, 表達脈絡

虽然在短期内可能会这样，

I don't think that's the long-term reality.

但我认为这不是长期的现实。

For what happens when digital Aristotle 表達脈絡

因为如果“数字亚里士多德”

truly knows students better than the teacher?

真的比老师更了解学生，会发生什么呢？

When for every topic of human endeavor,

当在人类努力的每一个领域，

it's able to take the best and brightest kids 習語

它都能带领最优秀、最聪明的孩子们

further down the path of knowledge 習語

在知识的道路上走得

than their teachers ever could?

比他们的老师能做到的更远时呢？

I doubt that schools will go away.

我认为学校不会就此消失。

After all,

毕竟，

they aren't just about learning, 語法

它们不仅仅是用来学习的，

but also freeing parents to work in the economy

还能解放父母去工作赚钱，

while their feral children are turned into civilized adults. 習語

顺便让他们的“野孩子”被改造成文明的大人。

But schools will be radically different,

但是学校将会发生彻底的改变，

and there will be far fewer teachers 語法

在里面工作的老师会少得多，

working in them doing far less.

他们做的事情也会少得多。

And while that's not great news for teachers, 表達脈絡

虽然这对老师来说不是什么好消息，

it's awesome news for students and society.

但对学生和社会来说却是极好的消息。

Right now,

现在，

if you're a student doing poorly,

如果你是一个成绩不好的学生，

school moves on without you. 短語動詞

学校会丢下你继续前进。

And if you're doing well,

如果你成绩优异，

school holds you back. 短語動詞

学校会拖你的后腿。

In the future,

在未来，

I see every human using a digital Aristotle for their whole life.

我看到每个人一生都在使用“数字亚里士多德”。

A tutor personalized to them,

一个为他们量身定制的私人导师，

teaching them exactly what they need to learn

在他们准备得最好的时候，

when they're best ready for it.

准确地教导他们需要学习的东西。

And when that comes,

当那一天到来时，

we'll have both a better educational system 語法

我们将拥有一个更好的教育系统

and a better society.

和一个更好的社会。

I want to thank YouTube EDU

我要感谢YouTube EDU

and the people who ran

以及它的运营者，

it for bringing me out to California 短語動詞

是他们把我带到了加州，

to meet up with these awesome people. 短語動詞

让我能见到这些了不起的人。

I had more interesting conversations

在这短短的几天里，

over the space of a few days 短語搭配

我进行了更多有趣的对话，

than I normally get to have

比我平时

over the space of a few months.

几个月里能谈到的还要多。

If you want to see what the best of education

如果你想看看现在最好的教育

looks like right now,

是什么样子，

go check out their channels. 短語動詞

去看看他们的频道吧。

And if you want to hear more on this topic,

如果你想听更多关于这个话题的内容，

I've put together a playlist of talks 短語動詞

我整理了一个演讲播放列表，

that I hope you like.

希望你能喜欢。