NASA最神秘的禁区：英语精读讲义

This is a NASA engineer trying to fix a hydrogen leak

这是一个NASA工程师试图修复氢气泄漏

just before the launch of Apollo 11.

就在阿波罗11号发射之前。

The scary thing is,

让人害怕的是，

he is 60 m up and standing right next to a partially fueled Saturn 5.

他在60米的高空，就站在加了部分燃料的土星5号旁边。

At launch,

发射时，

the Saturn 5 contained over 2 and a half thousand tons of propellant. 語法

土星5号含有超过2500吨的推进剂。

If the rocket suddenly exploded, 語法

如果火箭突然爆炸，

it would have the force of an atomic bomb

它的威力将相当于一颗原子弹，

and everyone at the pad would be killed.

发射台上的所有人都会丧生。

But if there was an emergency that gave them time to react,

但是如果发生了能让他们有时间反应的紧急情况，

like an uncontrolled fuel leak,

比如无法控制的燃料泄漏，

there was a chance that they could survive.

他们就有一线生机。

Located 12 m below the launch pad

在发射台下方12米处，

is a place called the rubber room,

有一个叫做“橡胶室”的地方，

a 1960s bunker

这是一个建于20世纪60年代的地堡，

that was designed to save astronauts and crew in the event of a disaster. 短語搭配

旨在发生灾难时拯救宇航员和工作人员。

We modeled the entire thing,

我们对整个设施进行了建模，

and in this video,

在本视频中，

we're going to look at what's inside the bunker 表達脈絡

我们将看看地堡里面有什么，

and how a group of 20 people could survive in here for several days.

以及20个人是如何在这里生存几天的。

We'll also be giving away this awesome space shuttle framed print.

我们还将赠送这幅精美的航天飞机带框照片。

So, stick around to the end of the video 短語動詞

所以，请一定要看到视频最后，

to see how you could win.

看看你如何能赢取这个奖品。

If the Saturn 5 had exploded on the pad, 語法

如果土星5号在发射台上爆炸，

it would have created a fireball that was half a kilometer wide

它将制造出一个半公里宽的火球，

and over a thousand degrees in temperature.

温度超过一千度。

And so,

因此，

in the event of an imminent disaster,

在迫在眉睫的灾难发生时，

workers at the pad would immediately have to make their way to the bunker. 短語搭配

发射台上的工人必须立即前往地堡。

But the bunker was buried deep beneath the concrete pad.

但是这个地堡深埋在混凝土发射台下。

So,

那么，

how did they actually get there? 表達脈絡

他们究竟是如何到达那里的呢？

The crew had to make their way to level A inside the mobile launch platform,

工作人员必须前往移动发射平台的A层，

the massive two-story structure that supported the Saturn 5.

这个巨大的两层结构支撑着土星5号。

Once it arrived at the pad,

平台到达发射台后，

a small hatch in the platform would connect to a structure

平台上的一个小舱门会连接到一个结构上，

that stuck out from the launch pad. 短語動詞

这个结构从发射台上伸出来。

This was a 60-m long slide

这是一条60米长的滑道，

that started inside the platform and went down through the concrete launch pad

从平台内部开始，穿过混凝土发射台向下延伸，

until it reached the bunker.

直到到达地堡。

At the top of the slide,

在滑道顶部，

a sprinkler would spray the crew with water

洒水器会向工作人员喷水，

to help them slide down the chute more easily. 語法

帮助他们更顺畅地滑下管道。

In just seconds,

短短几秒钟内，

they would start to pick up an immense amount of speed 短語動詞

他们的速度就会大幅提升，

as they plummeted into the depths of the launch pad.

迅速坠入发射台深处。

After falling down a steep drop,

经过一段陡峭的下坠后，

they would burst into a place known as the rubber room.

他们会冲进一个叫做橡胶室的地方。

This room was lined by thick walls of rubber

这个房间的墙壁铺满了厚厚的橡胶，

in order to absorb the energy from an explosion.

以吸收爆炸的能量。

The rubber at the end of the slide

滑道末端的橡胶

was also designed to slow the crew down. 短語動詞

也是为了减缓工作人员的速度而设计的。

But this didn't always work.

但这并不总是奏效。

During testing,

在测试期间，

the water would build up at the bottom of the slide 短語動詞

水会在滑道底部积聚，

and instead of slowing them down, 語法

非但没有减慢他们的速度，

it caused them to slide all the way to the end 語法

反而导致他们以惊人的速度

at an incredible speed.

一路滑到了尽头。

One worker actually broke several bones in his body

实际上有一名工人在撞到尽头后

after crashing into the end.

摔断了身上的几根骨头。

From here,

从这里开始，

the crew would make their way through this enormous blast-proof door

工作人员将穿过这扇巨大的防爆门，

where the actual bunker was.

进入真正的地堡。

This room hasn't been accessible for decades

这个房间已经几十年不对外开放了，

and only a handful of people have been allowed to enter. 短語搭配

只有极少数人被允许进入。

One thing that is very accessible,

虽说如此，有一件事是非常容易接触到的，

though,

那就是，

is the range of interesting documentaries on CuriosityStream,

CuriosityStream上一系列有趣的纪录片，

the sponsor of today's video.

它是今天视频的赞助商。

CuriosityStream offers a wide range of documentaries and series

CuriosityStream提供广泛的纪录片和剧集，

all about science,

涵盖科学、

nature,

自然、

history,

历史、

technology,

科技，

and more.

以及更多领域。

So,

因此，

there's something for everyone to enjoy.

每个人都能在这里找到喜欢的内容。

And with new content dropping every week,

每周都有新内容上线，

you'll never run out of things to enjoy. 短語動詞

你永远不会觉得无聊。

CuriosityStream offers plans starting at under $5 a month.

CuriosityStream的订阅计划起价不到每月5美元。

So,

所以，

it's a lot like getting a front-row seat to the universe 習語

这就像是用一杯晨间咖啡的钱，

for the price of your morning coffee.

买到了探索宇宙的前排座位。

You can watch on your TV,

你可以在电视、

computer,

电脑、

or mobile device

或移动设备上观看，

anywhere

随时

and at any time.

随地。

Personally,

就我个人而言，

I've been watching Trajectory,

我一直在看《Trajectory》，

which celebrates our biggest achievements in spaceflight,

这部片子庆祝了我们在航天领域取得的最大成就，

like the Apollo missions,

比如阿波罗计划、

the ISS,

国际空间站，

and the Hubble telescope.

和哈勃望远镜。

Not only is the content on CuriosityStream 語法

CuriosityStream上的内容不仅是

a supernova of knowledge, 習語

知识的超新星，

but their discounts are equally stellar.

他们的折扣同样也是极好的。

Sign up today at curiositystream.com/primalspace

今天就前往 curiositystream.com/primalspace 注册

or scan the QR code.

或者扫描二维码。

Then,

然后，

use the code primalspace to get 25% off.

使用代码 primalspace 即可享受25%的折扣。

After making their way down the slide,

顺着滑道滑下后，

the crew would find themselves in the rubber room. 短語搭配

工作人员会来到橡胶室。

From there,

从那里，

they would enter through a passageway

他们将穿过一条通道

and into the blast room,

进入防爆室，

a dome-shaped room featuring 20 chairs

这是一个圆顶房间，配有20把椅子，

that the crew would strap themselves into. 短語動詞

工作人员会将自己绑在椅子上。

The dome itself was made out of super thick steel and concrete,

圆顶本身由超厚的钢和混凝土制成，

capable of surviving a blast pressure of up to 500 PSI. 語法

能够承受高达500 PSI的爆炸压力。

To put this into perspective, 表達脈絡

客观地说，

the blast pressure from an explosion starts to become lethal for humans

爆炸产生的冲击波压力开始对人类致命的阈值

at around 40 PSI.

约为40 PSI。

In order to protect everyone inside from the immense shock waves,

为了保护里面的人免受巨大冲击波的伤害，

the entire floor was floating on a series of 24 giant springs.

整个地板悬浮在一系列24个巨大的弹簧上。

These disconnected the room from the surrounding concrete,

这些弹簧将房间与周围的混凝土隔离开来，

meaning the vibrations had less material to travel through.

意味着震动传播的介质变少了。

The blast from an explosion

爆炸产生的冲击力

could cause an acceleration of up to 75 Gs,

可能导致高达75 G的加速度，

roughly double what you'd expect to feel in a car crash. 語法

大约是你预计在车祸中感受到的两倍。

These springs would absorb most of that acceleration

这些弹簧会吸收大部分加速度，

and reduce it to just 4 Gs,

并将其降低到仅4 G，

keeping the crew inside perfectly safe. 語法

确保里面的工作人员绝对安全。

But if a large explosion occurred,

但是如果发生大爆炸，

it would create a shock wave so immense 語法

产生的冲击波将极其巨大，

that it would travel all the way down the slide in an instant

瞬间就会顺着滑道传下来，

and kill the crew inside.

杀死里面的工作人员。

That's where these enormous blast-proof doors came in. 短語搭配

这就是这些巨大防爆门的作用所在。

Made from several inches thick steel,

这些门由几英寸厚的钢材制成，

these doors would seal the crew inside

可以将工作人员密封在里面，

and protect them from the shock waves.

并保护他们免受冲击波的伤害。

These could be locked from either side by turning a wheel,

可以通过转动方向盘从两侧锁上这些门，

which caused eight giant pins to hook into the wall.

这会使8个巨大的插销勾入墙壁。

Once the crew were locked inside,

一旦工作人员被锁在里面，

they would remain in their seats

他们就会坐在座位上，

and wait until the danger had passed.

等待危险过去。

But with up to 20 people in a sealed room,

但在一个密封的房间里有多达20人，

the carbon dioxide levels would quickly start to rise

二氧化碳浓度很快就会上升，

and breathing would become very difficult.

呼吸将变得非常困难。

And so,

因此，

to treat the air, 用詞

为了处理空气，

a carbon dioxide scrubber was placed in the center of the room.

在房间中央放置了一台二氧化碳洗涤器。

This machine worked by passing the ambient air through a special filter, 語法

这台机器通过将周围空气抽入特殊的过滤器来工作，

which would attract the CO2 molecules

过滤器会吸附二氧化碳分子

and separate them from the air.

并将它们与空气分离。

The clean air was then pumped back out of the machine,

干净的空气随后被泵出机器，

keeping the CO2 levels low.

保持二氧化碳浓度在较低水平。

In order to create more oxygen,

为了制造更多氧气，

there was a supply of oxygen candles, 文化背景

房间里备有氧气蜡烛，

which would burn iron powder and sodium chlorate at around 600 degrees

它们会在大约600度的高温下燃烧铁粉和氯酸钠

to produce oxygen.

以产生氧气。

For every 1 kg of mixture inside,

里面每1公斤混合物，

each candle could produce around 6 hours of oxygen per person.

每支蜡烛就能为每人提供大约6小时的氧气。

Next to all of this was the storage area,

紧挨着这些的是储存区，

which contained all of the food and water supplies.

里面存放着所有的食物和水。

The food was mainly C rations and K rations, 文化背景

食物主要是C口粮和K口粮，

a type of canned food

这是一种在二战期间开发的

that was developed during the Second World War.

罐头食品。

The K rations came in three separate boxes

K口粮装在三个独立的盒子里，

for breakfast,

分别用于早餐、

lunch,

午餐、

and dinner.

和晚餐。

Each meal contained stuff like meat,

每顿饭包含肉类、

cheese,

奶酪、

cereal,

麦片、

fruit,

水果、

biscuits,

饼干、

coffee,

咖啡、

and cigarettes,

和香烟等物品，

giving each crew member around 3,000 calories a day.

为每位工作人员每天提供约3000卡路里的热量。

There was an industrial waste bin in the center of the room

房间中央有一个工业垃圾箱，

and a toilet placed behind one of the seats.

还有一个马桶放在其中一个座位后面。

Although,

尽管

it would be an unpleasant place to go,

在那里如厕会让人感到不适，

the crew could take care of business 習語

但工作人员在解决生理需求时

with a little bit of privacy.

还是能保留一点隐私。

All in all, 表達脈絡

总而言之，

there was enough food and water 語法

这里有足够的食物和水

to last for about 4 to 5 days.

可以维持大约4到5天。

But in most circumstances,

但在大多数情况下，

the crew would have only stayed for a few hours

工作人员只需待上几个小时，

until the toxic fumes around the launch pad had dissipated.

直到发射台周围的有毒气体消散。

But how would they actually escape?

但他们究竟如何逃生呢？

When it was time to leave,

到离开的时候，

the crew had two main escape routes.

工作人员有两条主要的逃生路线。

After leaving the bunker through the other blast door,

从另一扇防爆门离开地堡后，

they would enter into a narrow tunnel.

他们会进入一条狭窄的隧道。

This was 360 m long

这条隧道长360米，

and would take them all the way to an air intake building

将带他们一路走到发射场边缘的

on the edge of the launch site.

一个进气大楼。

This building was essentially a giant fan

这栋楼本质上是一个巨大的风扇，

that would suck in clean air

会吸入干净的空气

and direct it into the rooms below the launch pad.

并将其引向发射台下方的房间。

After walking for around 10 minutes

在这个极其拥挤黑暗的空间里

through a very cramped and dark space,

步行约10分钟后，

the crew could finally escape to freedom.

工作人员终于可以逃出生天了。

But if the tunnel was somehow blocked from the explosion,

但如果隧道因为爆炸而不知何故被堵塞，

the crew would have to go back

工作人员就不得不返回，

and choose the alternative escape route.

并选择另一条备用逃生路线。

Right next to the tunnel was a door

紧挨着隧道的是一扇门，

that led directly into the environmental control rooms,

直接通向环境控制室，

a labyrinth of rooms and corridors 習語

这是一个由房间和走廊组成的迷宫，

beneath the pad

位于发射台下方，

that would eventually lead to the outside world.

最终通向外面的世界。

But with such a large explosion,

但如果发生如此巨大的爆炸，

the damage to the pad would be catastrophic,

发射台的损坏将是灾难性的，

and NASA were concerned

NASA担心

that the crew would become completely trapped inside the bunker.

工作人员会完全被困在地堡内。

And so,

因此，

to add to the list of safety precautions,

为了增加安全预防措施，

they placed an emergency escape hatch

他们在防爆室顶部

at the top of the blast room.

放置了一个紧急逃生舱门。

This didn't actually lead anywhere,

这个舱门其实不通向任何地方，

but in the event of the escape routes being blocked,

但如果逃生路线被封死，

NASA would dig through the concrete and sand

NASA会挖开发射台内的

within the launch pad

混凝土和沙子

to reach the hatch

以触及舱门

and free the crew.

救出工作人员。

Thankfully,

幸运的是，

none of this ever needed to be done. 語法

这些措施从未真正派上用场。

The bunker was never used,

这个地堡从未被使用过，

and after the Apollo missions ended,

在阿波罗计划结束后，

it was abandoned,

它被废弃了，

leaving an incredible piece of NASA history

留下了NASA历史上令人惊叹的一笔，

frozen in time. 習語

被冻结在时间里。

Over the years,

随着岁月的流逝，

the bunker fell into disrepair 短語搭配

地堡年久失修，

and various animals made their way into the bunker.

各种动物纷纷跑进了地堡。

Now,

如今，

only a select group of people 用詞

只有极少数人

have access to this old relic,

能够进入这个古老的遗迹，

which will most likely remain untouched

它很可能会在未来的几十年里

for many more decades.

继续保持无人问津的状态。

And now,

现在，

time for something really special.

是时候来点特别的了。

The winner of last month's giveaway

上个月抽奖的获奖者

is Tony Viglas.

是Tony Viglas。

Congratulations.

恭喜你。

In the next video,

在下一期视频中，

we'll be giving away this awesome space shuttle framed print.

我们将送出这幅精美的航天飞机带框照片。

All you have to do is sign up at the link below 語法

你所要做的就是点击下方的链接注册，

and leave a comment saying

并留言说说

what you think NASA should do with the bunker now. 語法

你认为NASA现在应该怎么处理这个地堡。

Thank you very much for watching

非常感谢您的观看，

and I'll see you in the next video.

我们下期视频再见。