无法被遗忘的法老 - 凯特·格林：英语精读讲义

3 and a half thousand years ago in Egypt,

3500年前在埃及，

a noble pharaoh was the victim of a violent attack. 表達脈絡

一位尊贵的法老遭遇了暴力袭击。

But the attack was not physical.

但这场袭击并非肉体上的。

This royal had been dead for 20 years.

这位王室成员已经死去20年了。

The attack was historical,

这场袭击是历史性的，

an act of damnatio memoriae, 文化背景

是一场“除忆诅咒”的行为，

the damnation of memory.

也就是对记忆的抹杀。

Somebody smashed the pharaoh's statues,

有人砸碎了这位法老的雕像，

took a chisel and attempted to erase 習語

拿起凿子试图抹去

the pharaoh's name and image from history.

这位法老在历史上的名字和形象。

Who was this pharaoh?

这位法老是谁？

And what was behind the attack? 用詞

袭击背后又隐藏着什么？

Here's the key. 表達脈絡

关键在这里。

The pharaoh Hatshepsut was a woman.

法老哈特谢普苏特是一名女性。

In the normal course of things, 短語搭配

在正常情况下，

she should never have been pharaoh. 語法

她绝不可能成为法老。

Although it was legal for a woman to be a monarch, 語法

虽然女性成为君主是合法的，

it disturbed some essential Egyptian beliefs.

但这扰乱了埃及人的一些核心信仰。

Firstly,

首先，

the pharaoh was known as the living embodiment 文化背景

法老被认为是

of the male god Horus.

男性神祇荷鲁斯的现世化身。

Secondly,

其次，

disturbance to the tradition of rule by men

破坏男性统治的传统

was a serious challenge to Ma'at, 文化背景

是对“玛阿特”的严重挑战，

a word for truth

这是一个代表“真理”的词，

expressing a belief in order and justice

表达了对秩序和正义的信仰，

vital to the Egyptians.

这对埃及人来说至关重要。

Hatshepsut had perhaps tried to adapt to this belief

哈特谢普苏特也许试图去适应这种信仰，

in the link between order and patriarchy

也就是秩序与父权制之间的联系，

through her titles.

通过她的头衔来实现。

She took the name Ma'at-kare, 短語搭配

她采用了“玛卡雷”这个名字，

and sometimes referred to herself as Hatshepsu 短語搭配

有时也自称为哈特谢普苏，

with a masculine word ending.

这是一个带有男性词尾的名字。

But apparently,

但显然，

these efforts didn't convince everyone,

这些努力并没有说服所有人，

and perhaps someone erased Hatshepsut's image

也许有人抹去了哈特谢普苏特的形象，

so that the world would forget the disturbance to Ma'at 語法

好让世人忘记对“玛阿特”的破坏，

and Egypt could be balanced again.

让埃及重新恢复平衡。

Hatshepsut,

哈特谢普苏特，

moreover,

此外，

was not the legitimate heir to the throne, 用詞

并不是王位的合法继承人，

but a regent, 文化背景

而是一位摄政王，

a kind of stand-in co-monarch.

一种代理的共同君主。

The Egyptian kingship traditionally passed 短語搭配

埃及的王权传统上

from father to son.

是由父亲传给儿子的。

It passed from Thutmose I

它从图特摩斯一世

to his son Thutmose II,

传给了他的儿子图特摩斯二世，

Hatshepsut's husband.

也就是哈特谢普苏特的丈夫。

It should have passed from Thutmose II

它本应从图特摩斯二世

directly to his son Thutmose III,

直接传给他的儿子图特摩斯三世，

But Thutmose III was a little boy

但图特摩斯三世当时还是个小男孩，

when his father died.

就在他父亲去世的时候。

Hatshepsut,

哈特谢普苏特，

the dead pharaoh's chief wife and widow,

作为已故法老的首席妻子和遗孀，

stepped in to help as her stepson's regent, 短語動詞

介入并作为她继子的摄政王提供帮助，

but ended up ruling beside him 短語搭配

但最终却与他并肩统治，

as a fully fledged pharaoh. 用詞

成为了一名名副其实的法老。

Perhaps Thutmose III was angry about this.

也许图特摩斯三世对此感到愤怒。

Perhaps he was the one who erased her images.

也许就是他抹去了她的形象。

It's also possible that someone wanted to dishonor Hatshepsut

也有可能有人想要羞辱哈特谢普苏特，

because she was a bad pharaoh.

因为她是个糟糕的法老。

But the evidence suggests 表達脈絡

但证据表明

she was actually pretty good.

她其实相当出色。

She competently fulfilled the traditional roles of the office. 短語搭配

她胜任地履行了这个职位的传统职责。

She was a great builder.

她是一位伟大的建设者。

Her mortuary temple, 用詞

她的陵庙，

Djeser-Djeseru,

杰塞尔-杰塞尔鲁，

was an architectural phenomenon at the time

在当时堪称建筑奇迹，

and is still admired today.

至今仍受人赞赏。

She enhanced the economy of Egypt,

她促进了埃及的经济，

conducting a very successful trade mission 短語搭配

进行了一次非常成功的贸易考察，

to the distant land of Punt. 文化背景

前往遥远的蓬特之地。

She had strong religious connections.

她有着强大的宗教联系。

She even claimed to be the daughter 文化背景

她甚至声称自己是

of the state god Amun.

国家神祇阿蒙的女儿。

And she had a successful military career

她还有着成功的军事生涯，

with a Nubian campaign

发动了努比亚战役，

and claims she fought alongside her soldiers in battle.

并声称自己在战场上与士兵们并肩作战。

Of course,

当然，

we have to be careful when we assess 表達脈絡

我们在评估时必须小心

the success of Hatshepsut's career,

哈特谢普苏特生涯的成功，

since most of the evidence was written by Hatshepsut herself. 表達脈絡

因为大部分证据都是哈特谢普苏特自己写下的。

She tells her own story in pictures and writing

她用图画和文字讲述了自己的故事，

on the walls of her mortuary temple

刻在她的陵庙墙上，

and the Red Chapel she built for Amun.

以及她为阿蒙建造的红色神庙里。

So who committed the crimes 習語

那么是谁犯下了这些罪行，

against Hatshepsut's memory?

抹杀了对哈特谢普苏特的记忆呢？

The most popular suspect is her stepson,

最受怀疑的人是她的继子、

nephew,

侄子，

and co-ruler Thutmose III.

以及共同统治者图特摩斯三世。

Did he do it out of anger 短語搭配

他是因为愤怒而这么做的吗，

because she stole his throne? 習語

因为她夺走了他的王位？

This is unlikely,

这种可能性不大，

since the damage wasn't done 語法

因为这些破坏并没有发生，

until 20 years after Hatshepsut died.

直到哈特谢普苏特死后20年。

That's a long time to hang onto anger 短語動詞

那需要把愤怒积压很长时间

and then act in a rage.

然后才在暴怒中采取行动。

Maybe Thutmose III did

也许图特摩斯三世这么做

it to make his own reign look stronger, 語法

是为了让自己的统治显得更强大，

but it is most likely that he or someone else erased the images 表達脈絡

但最有可能的是他或其他什么人抹去了这些形象，

so that people would forget

这样人们就会忘记

that a woman ever sat on Egypt's throne. 習語

曾经有一位女性坐在埃及的王座上。

This gender anomaly was simply too much of a threat to Ma'at 講解

这种性别的反常对“玛阿特”来说实在是太大的威胁，

and had to be obliterated from history. 用詞

必须从历史上抹除。

Happily,

幸运的是，

the ancient censors were not quite thorough enough. 語氣意圖

古代的审查者并没有做得那么彻底。

Enough evidence survived for us to piece together what happened, 短語動詞

仍有足够的证据留存下来，让我们拼凑出事情的真相，

so the story of this unique,

因此这位独一无二、

powerful woman can now be told.

强势女性的故事现在才能为人所知。