如果你的口袋里有一个黑洞会怎样？：英语精读讲义

What would happen to you if a black hole the size of a coin suddenly appeared near you? 語法

如果一枚硬币大小的黑洞突然出现在你附近，你会怎样？

Short answer, 表達脈絡

简短的回答，

you'd die.

你会死。

Long answer,

详细的回答，

it depends.

这得看情况。

Is it a black hole with the mass of a coin 用詞

它是一个具有硬币质量的黑洞，

or is it as wide as a coin?

还是像硬币一样大的黑洞？

Suppose a US nickel with the mass of about 5 grams 語法

假设一枚质量约5克的美国5美分硬币

magically collapsed into a black hole. 短語搭配

神奇地坍缩成一个黑洞。

This black hole would have a radius of 10 to the power of -30 meters 用詞

这个黑洞的半径只有10的负30次方米。

By comparison, 表達脈絡

相比之下，

a hydrogen atom is about 10 to the power of -11 meters

一个氢原子大约是10的负11次方米。

So the black hole compared to an atom

所以这个黑洞比起原子，

is as small as an atom compared to the sun. 語法

就像原子比起太阳一样微小。

Unimaginably small.

小到无法想象。

And a small black hole would also have an unimaginably short lifetime

而一个小黑洞的寿命也会短到令人难以置信，

to decay by Hawking radiation. 文化背景

因为它会通过霍金辐射衰变。

It would radiate away what little mass it has 講解

它会把它那点可怜的质量辐射殆尽，

in 10 to the power of -23 seconds.

仅仅在10的负23次方秒内。

Its 5 grams of mass will be converted to 450 terajoules of energy, 短語搭配

它那5克的质量将转化为450太焦耳的能量，

which will lead to an explosion 短語搭配

这将引发一场爆炸，

roughly three times bigger than the atomic bombs 講解

威力大约是投在广岛和长崎的

dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki combined.

两颗原子弹总和的三倍。

In this case,

在这种情况下，

you die.

你会死。

You also lose the coin.

并且你也会失去这枚硬币。

If the black hole had the diameter of a common coin,

如果这个黑洞有着普通硬币的直径，

then it would be considerably more massive.

那么它的质量将大得惊人。

In fact,

事实上，

a black hole with the diameter of a nickel

一个有着5美分硬币直径的黑洞

would be slightly more massive than the Earth. 語法

质量会比地球还要稍微大一点。

It would have a surface gravity

它的表面重力将是

a billion billion times greater 語法

百亿亿倍于

than our planet currently does.

我们星球目前的重力。

Its tidal forces on you would be so strong 語法

它施加在你身上的潮汐力将是如此强大，

that they'd rip your individual cells apart. 短語動詞

以至于会把你体内的细胞一个个撕裂。

The black hole would consume you

在你甚至还未意识到发生什么之前，

before you even realized what's happening. 語法

这个黑洞就会将你吞噬。

Although the laws of gravity are still the same, 語法

虽然重力定律依旧不变，

the phenomenon of gravity that you'd experience

但你所体验到的重力现象，

would be very different around such dense objects.

在这种致密天体周围将会有着天壤之别。

The range of the gravitational attraction

万有引力的作用范围

extends over the entire observable universe

延伸到了整个可观测宇宙，

with gravity getting weaker 語法

而引力会随着

the farther away you are from something.

你离物体的距离越远而变得越弱。

On Earth right now,

此时此刻在地球上，

your head and your toes

你的头和脚趾

are approximately the same distance 短語搭配

距离我们星球重心的距离

from the center of our planet.

几乎是相等的。

But if you stood on a nickel-sized black hole,

但如果你站在一个硬币大小的黑洞上，

your feet would be hundreds of times closer to the center 語法

你的脚距离中心的距离会近数百倍，

and the gravitational force would be

并且脚部的引力将是

tens of thousands of times as large 語法

头部引力的

as the force on your head

数万倍之多，

and rip you into a billion pieces.

从而把你撕成十亿块碎片。

But the black hole wouldn't stop with just you. 表達脈絡

但黑洞不会仅仅对你下手。

The black hole is now a dominant gravitational piece

这个黑洞现在成了主要引力源，

of the Earth–Moon–Black-Hole-of-Death system.

属于“地球-月球-死亡黑洞”系统。

You might think that the black hole 表達脈絡

你可能认为这个黑洞

would sink towards the center of the planet

会下沉到地球的中心，

and consume it from the inside out. 短語搭配

然后从内到外吞噬掉地球。

In fact,

事实上，

the Earth also moves up onto the black hole

地球也会向着黑洞移动，

and begins to bob around

并开始在它周围晃动，

as if it were orbiting the black hole 語法

就好像地球在绕着黑洞公转，

all while having swaths of mass eaten 語法

同时大片质量被吞噬，

with each pass, 用詞

在每次擦肩而过时，

which is much more creepy.

这听起来可要惊悚得多。

As the Earth is eaten up from the inside, 短語動詞

随着地球从内部被吞噬殆尽，

it collapses into a scattered disc of hot rock

它坍缩成一圈零散的炽热岩石盘，

surrounding the black hole in a tight orbit.

在紧密的轨道上环绕着黑洞。

The black hole slowly doubles its mass

在这个黑洞进食完毕时，

by the time it's done feeding. 語法

它的质量会慢慢翻上一番。

The Moon's orbit is now highly elliptical.

此时月球的轨道变得高度椭圆。

The effects on the solar system are awesome.

这对太阳系产生的影响将是令人敬畏的。

In the biblical sense of awesome, 用詞

是《圣经》意义上的那种敬畏，

which means terrifying.

也就是令人毛骨悚然。

Tidal forces from the black hole

那个黑洞产生的潮汐力

would probably disrupt the near-Earth asteroids,

很可能会扰乱近地小行星，

maybe even parts of the asteroid belt,

甚至可能是部分小行星带，

sending rocks careening through the solar system. 語法

使岩石在整个太阳系中横冲直撞。

Bombardment and impacts may become commonplace 短語搭配

轰炸与撞击可能会成为家常便饭，

for the next few million years.

在接下来的几百万年里持续不断。

The planets are slightly perturbed,

行星们会受到轻微的干扰，

but stay approximately in the same orbit.

但大体上仍维持在原来的轨道上。

The black hole we used to call Earth 語法

那个我们曾经称之为地球的黑洞，

will now continue on orbiting the sun

如今将继续绕着太阳公转，

in the Earth's place.

取代地球的位置。

In this case,

在这种情况下，

you also die.

你还是会死。

This bonus video was made possible 短語搭配

这期奖励视频得以制作，

by your contributions on Patreon.

仰赖于大家在 Patreon 上的赞助。

Thank you so much for your support.

非常感谢你们的支持。

The topic is based on a question 短語搭配

本期话题基于一个问题，

on the AskScience subreddit 文化背景

来自 AskScience 子版块，

and the glorious answer by Matt Caplan,

以及 Matt Caplan 给出的精彩回答，

who also worked with us on this video.

他也参与了这期视频的制作。

Check out his blog Quarks and Coffee 短語動詞

可以去看看他的博客 Quarks and Coffee，

for more awesome stuff like this.

了解更多类似这样超酷的内容。

If you want to discuss the video,

如果你想讨论这个视频，

we have our own subreddit now.

我们现在有了自己的子版块。

To learn more about black holes

想了解更多关于黑洞的知识，

or equally interesting neutron stars,

或是同样有趣的中子星，

click here.

请点击这里。