人类最奇怪的恐惧症！：英语精读讲义

The word phobia comes from the Greek word phobos, 短語搭配

词语“phobia”（恐惧症）来源于希腊语“phobos”，

which is related to having a fear of something

它与对某事物的恐惧有关，

or often what we might call an irrational fear. 語法

或者通常我们所说的无理性的恐惧。

We are sure you've all heard of arachnophobia, 短語搭配

相信你们都听说过“arachnophobia”（蜘蛛恐惧症），

which means a fear of spiders,

意思是害怕蜘蛛，

or hydrophobia,

或者是“hydrophobia”（恐水症），

which means a fear of water.

意思是害怕水。

According to the National Institute of Mental Health,

根据美国国家心理健康研究所的数据，

19.2 million US adults suffer from phobias,

有1920万美国成年人患有恐惧症，

with some of the most common being a fear of spiders, 語法

其中最常见的是害怕蜘蛛、

a fear of snakes,

害怕蛇、

a fear of heights,

害怕高处，

and a fear of flying.

以及害怕飞行。

But today we'll focus on the freakiest of fears

但今天我们将关注最奇葩的恐惧症，

in this episode of The Infographics Show,

在本期《The Infographics Show》的节目中，

Weirdest Phobias People Suffer From.

《人们患上的最奇怪的恐惧症》。

Number 10,

第10名，

Tyrophobia.

Tyrophobia（奶酪恐惧症）。

This is a totally irrational fear of cheese.

这是一种对奶酪完全不理智的恐惧。

Yes, there are some people on this planet

是的，这个星球上确实有一些人

that just can't go near a piece of matured cheddar.

就是无法靠近一块熟成的切达奶酪。

They run for the hills when the waiter hangs over them with the parmesan. 習語

当服务员拿着帕玛森奶酪靠近他们时，他们会落荒而逃。

Tyri comes from the Greek meaning cheese,

Tyri源自希腊语，意思是奶酪，

and you know the rest. 語氣意圖

剩下的你就知道了。

The English media in 2016 reported about a university student

2016年，英国媒体报道了一名大学生

with this phobia who called her first contact with cheese traumatic. 語法

患有这种恐惧症，她称自己第一次接触奶酪的经历是“创伤性的”。

However, she did say that mozzarella wasn't as scary as the other cheeses. 語法

然而，她确实说过马苏里拉奶酪不如其他奶酪那么可怕。

Number nine,

第9名，

Omphalophobia.

Omphalophobia（肚脐恐惧症）。

This is the fear of the navel

这是对navel（肚脐）的恐惧，

or what we call the belly button.

或者我们俗称的belly button。

It might mean these people can't abide anyone going near their belly button 用詞

这可能意味着这些人无法忍受任何人靠近他们的肚脐，

or that they freak out when close to another person's belly button. 短語動詞

或者当他们靠近另一个人的肚脐时会抓狂。

This is a pretty important part of the body

这是身体上一个相当重要的部位，

given that it connected us to our mothers. 語法

因为它曾将我们与母亲连接在一起。

Only recently in 2018,

就在最近的2018年，

the UK press featured a 25-year-old student doctor

英国媒体报道了一名25岁的实习医生

who suffered from this phobia

患有这种恐惧症，

with the Daily Mail saying that she suffers panic attacks

《每日邮报》称她会恐慌发作，

and is physically sick when she sees someone's navel.

当她看到别人的肚脐时会产生生理上的恶心。

As for the other way around, 表達脈絡

至于反过来的情况，

she said, "If someone touches mine,

她说：“如果有人碰我的肚脐，

it feels like they're touching my insides

感觉就像他们在碰我的内脏，

and I can feel it all through me."

我能感觉到触感遍布全身。”

She may struggle to become a doctor if she doesn't get over that. 短語動詞

如果她不能克服这一点，她可能很难成为一名医生。

Number eight,

第8名，

Papaphobia.

Papaphobia（教皇恐惧症）。

When some people find out that the guy who likes to wear a white spearhead hat

当一些人发现那个喜欢戴白色尖顶帽的人

will be in town,

要来城里时，

they decide to take a vacation.

他们决定去度假。

The guy is the Pope,

那个男人是教皇（Pope），

and papaphobia is a fear of him.

而papaphobia就是对他的恐惧。

It's thought this fear is related to other fears

人们认为这种恐惧与其他恐惧症有关，

concerning being terrified of religious objects.

涉及对宗教物品的极度恐惧。

When these people see the Pope,

当这些人看到教皇时，

their heartbeat quickens,

他们的心跳会加快，

they sweat profusely,

他们会大汗淋漓，

and sometimes feel nauseous.

有时会感到恶心。

Apparently, if these folks do see the man,

显然，如果这些人真的看到了那个人，

they should quickly swallow a Xanax

他们应该赶紧吞下一片Xanax

or some similar type of anti-anxiety medication.

或某种类似的抗焦虑药物。

Number seven,

第7名，

Nomophobia.

Nomophobia（无手机恐惧症）。

Nomophobia is weird,

无手机恐惧症很奇怪，

but according to reports,

但根据报道，

it's becoming very common among the younger generation.

它在年轻一代中变得非常普遍。

It means the fear of being without your cell phone

它的意思是害怕没有手机，

or fear of being without a charge

或者害怕手机没电，

or even without connection to the internet.

甚至害怕没有网络连接。

Psychology Today says some people are so scared to be without this thing, 語法

《今日心理学》说有些人非常害怕身边没有这个东西，

they shower with it,

他们带着它洗澡，

sleep with it,

带着它睡觉，

take it literally everywhere.

毫不夸张地带着它去任何地方。

In fact,

事实上，

cell phone addiction has become a big topic in the media,

手机成瘾已经成为媒体上的一个大话题，

but some might be surprised that people are petrified

但有些人可能会感到惊讶，人们竟然如此害怕

of being without their device.

身边没有他们的设备。

A recent UK study consisting of over 2100 people

最近英国一项包含2100多人的研究

found that 58% of men suffered from this phobia,

发现58%的男性患有这种恐惧症，

as did 47% of women. 語法

女性也有47%。

In the US,

在美国，

it is worse with 66% of all phone users

情况更糟，所有手机用户中有66%

suffering from nomophobia.

患有无手机恐惧症。

The Guardian in 2017 said this detachment from the smartphone

《卫报》在2017年表示，这种与智能手机分离的状况

increases heart rate and blood pressure,

会增加心率和血压，

causes anxiety,

引起焦虑，

and generally affects users the way drug addicts first feel

并且总体上对用户产生的影响类似于吸毒者

in the early stages of withdrawal.

在戒断初期所体验到的感受。

These screenagers have put their lives into this little beeping box,

这些“屏幕一代”把他们的生活装进了这个会发出哔哔声的小盒子里，

and as most psychologists will tell you,

正如大多数心理学家会告诉你的那样，

that box was created to be as addictive as anything. 語法

那个盒子被设计得和任何事物一样容易让人上瘾。

Welcome to the world of digital heroin. 習語

欢迎来到数字海洛因的世界。

Number six,

第6名，

Ephebiphobia.

Ephebiphobia（青少年恐惧症）。

Speaking about these smartphone junkie teens,

谈到这些智能手机成瘾的青少年，

some people have a fear of them.

有些人对他们感到恐惧。

Yes,

是的，

ephebiphobia is an irrational fear of teenagers

ephebiphobia是对青少年的无理智恐惧，

or generally young people.

或者泛指对年轻人的恐惧。

We doubt sufferers need to see ID before they get the sweats. 習語

我们怀疑患者在狂冒冷汗前需不需要先看对方的身份证。

In every generation,

在每一代人中，

you get these old folks decrying the youth of the day 用詞

你都会看到这些老人家谴责当今年轻人，

saying they don't respect this or that

说他们不尊重这个或那个，

or in US comedian Doug Stanhope's opinion,

或者按照美国喜剧演员Doug Stanhope的说法，

that the digital generation is just not reckless enough.

数字一代只是不够鲁莽。

But apparently this aversion to our cute kids is on the rise. 短語搭配

但显然，这种对我们可爱的孩子们的厌恶感正在上升。

The Guardian interviewed one 16-year-old who said,

《卫报》采访了一名16岁的少年，他说：

"I've had people cross the road

“曾经有人为了躲我

to avoid me."

而走到马路对面。”

But that was due to the age-old fear of kids

但那是由于对孩子们的古老恐惧，

possibly being aggressive to old people.

认为他们可能对老年人具有攻击性。

Kids these days are subject to moral panic 文化背景

如今的孩子们是道德恐慌的对象，

with older people telling them they are spoiled,

老年人说他们被宠坏了，

too easily offended,

太容易被冒犯，

until it comes to the point

以至于到了某种地步，

some people just don't want to be anywhere near their youths.

有些人就是不想靠近这些年轻人。

But this seems to happen in every generation.

但这似乎在每一代人身上都会发生。

One of the first books on the subject

关于这个话题最早的一本书，

from the 1980s said nearly every generation

出自20世纪80年代，指出几乎每一代

of young people has been chastised for being out of control 用詞

年轻人都曾因为失控

or aberrant in some way.

或在某些方面反常而受到过斥责。

Adult claims of degeneration among the young

成年人声称年轻一代正在堕落的说法，

can be found in nearly every previous decade.

在过去的几乎每一个十年里都能找到。

Only Doug Stanhope dislikes the young,

只有Doug Stanhope不喜欢年轻人，

he says,

他说，

because they aren't aberrant enough.

是因为他们还不够反常。

Number five,

第5名，

Phagophobia.

Phagophobia（吞咽恐惧症）。

This one must really suck. 用詞

这一定非常让人痛苦。

Phagophobia is the irrational fear of swallowing.

Phagophobia是对吞咽的无理智恐惧。

We are told it is sometimes confused with a fear of eating 短語搭配

有人说，它有时会与害怕进食

or certain conditions related to weight,

或与体重有关的某些情况相混淆，

but it's closer to the fear of choking. 短語搭配

但它更接近于对窒息的恐惧。

The amount of research on this must mean it's quite common. 語法

关于这种恐惧症的研究数量之多，意味着它相当普遍。

One site tells us,

一个网站告诉我们，

a person's throat muscles will flex and spasm during their panic attack,

在恐慌发作期间，患者的喉咙肌肉会收缩和痉挛，

closing the throat and expelling any unwanted items out of the mouth. 語法

封闭喉咙，将任何不想要的物品排出嘴外。

This could mean water,

这可能意味着水、

food,

食物、

or medications,

或药物，

so it's very serious.

所以这非常严重。

The answer is therapy.

解决办法是心理治疗。

Number four,

第4名，

Triskaidekaphobia,

Triskaidekaphobia（十三恐惧症），

the fear of the number 13.

对数字13的恐惧。

This person might also have a general fear of numbers,

这个人可能也对数字有普遍的恐惧，

which is numerophobia.

也就是numerophobia（数字恐惧症）。

Others fear the number four,

其他人害怕数字4，

which is tetraphobia,

也就是tetraphobia（四恐惧症），

but as for 13,

但至于13，

what does that mean?

那是什么意思呢？

Well, it's mostly related to superstition,

嗯，它主要与迷信有关，

sometimes related to myths or religion,

有时与神话或宗教有关，

and that generally the number 13 is not a nice number.

而且一般来说，数字13不是一个吉利的数字。

We have a show on this topic

我们有一期关于这个话题的节目，

if you want to know more.

如果你想了解更多的话。

As Time Magazine reported,

正如《时代》周刊所报道的，

it's less a psychological malady than it is a silly superstition. 語法

与其说它是一种心理疾病，不如说它是一种愚蠢的迷信。

For this reason,

因为这个原因，

some businesses leave out the number on aisles, 短語動詞

一些企业在过道、

chairs,

椅子、

floors,

楼层，

or rooms,

或房间上省略了这个数字，

and believers will stay clear of the number 短語搭配

迷信的人也会避开这个数字，

if they do see it.

如果他们真的看到的话。

Number three,

第3名，

Ablutophobia.

Ablutophobia（洗澡恐惧症）。

This is not a good phobia to have

这不是一个值得拥有的恐惧症，

if you are actively trying to find someone to date

如果你正在积极寻找约会对象的话，

because it means being terrified of washing or bathing.

因为这意味着极度害怕清洗或洗澡。

It's more common in kids than in adults,

它在儿童中比在成人中更常见，

but a few hundred years back in Europe,

但在几百年前的欧洲，

many people had this phobia.

许多人都患有这种恐惧症。

These days,

如今，

it's thought to be related to traumatic experiences 語法

人们认为这与孩童时期洗澡时

as a child when bathing.

遭受的创伤性经历有关。

Number two,

第2名，

Dextrophobia.

Dextrophobia（右侧恐惧症）。

This is certainly one of the most irrational

这绝对是最不理智的

of irrational fears.

无理智恐惧之一。

It's the fear of having things to the right of you.

它是对右侧有东西的恐惧。

According to one source,

根据一个消息来源，

it's related to obsessive-compulsive personality disorder,

它与强迫型人格障碍有关，

and sufferers will find themselves cluttering things 語法

患者会发现自己把家里

in the home or office all to the left side.

或办公室里的东西全都堆积在左侧。

They don't like standing to the left of people

他们不喜欢站在别人的左边，

or even driving in the left lane.

甚至不喜欢在左侧车道开车。

Other people may have levophobia,

其他人可能患有levophobia（左侧恐惧症），

which is a fear of things being to the left of them.

这是一种害怕东西在他们左侧的恐惧症。

If someone has both phobias,

如果有人同时患有两种恐惧症，

then they are really in trouble.

那他们就真的麻烦了。

Number one,

第1名，

Phobophobia.

Phobophobia（恐惧症恐惧症）。

You could say our last phobia might make sense

你可以说我们的最后一个恐惧症可能是有道理的，

after you've watched this show,

在你看完这个节目之后，

so it's the right way to end. 習語

所以用它来结尾很合适。

As you might guess,

就像你可能猜到的那样，

it means the fear of having a phobia.

它的意思是害怕患上恐惧症。

So if you are feeling left out right now 習語

所以如果你现在觉得自己被冷落了，

as you have no phobias,

因为你没有任何恐惧症，

you might one day acquire this phobia.

你可能有一天会患上这种恐惧症。

From the description,

从描述来看，

it sounds like a panic attack. 語法

它听起来像是恐慌发作。

The anxiety forms in the unconscious,

焦虑在潜意识中形成，

and then suddenly the person will feel dizzy and tense.

然后人会突然感到头晕和紧张。

Their heart will pound and be aware of something bad about to happen. 短語搭配

他们的心会怦怦直跳，并意识到有不好的事情要发生。

This anxiety disorder can manifest as panic at any time 用詞

这种焦虑障碍随时可能表现为恐慌，

because the person is always fearing getting a phobia,

因为这个人总是害怕患上恐惧症，

sometimes of something they love.

有时甚至害怕他们所爱的东西。

As strange as it sounds, 語法

尽管听起来很奇怪，

it's actually one of the most common phobias on this list.

它实际上是这个名单上最常见的恐惧症之一。

We'll leave you with this quote from Franklin D. Roosevelt.

我们将用富兰克林·D·罗斯福的这句名言来结束。

All we have to fear is fear itself. 語法

我们唯一需要恐惧的就是恐惧本身。

Ain't that the truth? 語氣意圖

这难道不是真理吗？

So,

那么，

do any of you out there have any phobias?

你们中有没有人患有任何恐惧症呢？

Let us know more about it in the comments.

请在评论区让我们了解更多。

Also,

同时，

be sure to check out our other video called FBI vs. CIA,

一定要去看看我们的另一个视频，叫做《FBI vs. CIA》，

How do they compare?

它们之间有何比较？

Thanks for watching,

感谢您的观看，

and as always,

一如既往，

don't forget to like, share, and subscribe.

别忘了点赞、分享和订阅。

See you next time.

我们下期再见。