我们能增强免疫系统吗？⏲️ 6分钟英语：英语精读讲义

Six Minute English from bbclearningenglish.com.

来自 bbclearningenglish.com 的六分钟英语。

Hello, this is Six Minute English from BBC Learning English.

大家好，这里是 BBC Learning English 的六分钟英语。

I'm Georgie.

我是 Georgie。

And I'm Neil.

我是 Neil。

In this program, we're talking about the immune system, 講解

在本期节目中，我们将讨论免疫系统，

which is the body's natural defense against getting ill. 短語搭配

它是人体抵御疾病的自然防御机制。

Now, Georgie, is there anything you do to boost your immune system? 短語搭配

那么，Georgie，你有什么提升免疫力的方法吗？

Yes, I try to eat lots of oranges,

有啊，我尽量多吃橙子，

which apparently have lots of vitamin C.

显然它们含有大量的维生素C。

And there are lots of things people do to try to improve their immune system and stay healthier,

人们为了提高免疫力和保持健康会尝试很多方法，

like eating certain foods, taking vitamins,

比如吃特定的食物、服用维生素，

or even activities like swimming in cold water.

甚至参加冬泳等活动。

We'll find out how useful some of these techniques are in today's program. 短語動詞

我们将在今天的节目中了解其中一些方法到底有多大用处。

But first, Georgie, a question.

但首先，Georgie，问你个问题。

We all know the common cold.

我们都知道普通感冒。

Now, that's the illness that makes you cough and sneeze,

也就是那种会让你咳嗽、打喷嚏，

have a sore throat and headache.

喉咙痛、头痛的疾病。

But how many colds does the average adult get in the UK each year? 用詞

但是，英国的普通成年人平均每年会感冒几次？

Is it A, 2 to 3,

是 A，2到3次，

B, 4 to 5,

B，4到5次，

or C, 7 to 8?

还是 C，7到8次？

Hmm, 8 would be a lot.

嗯，8次也太多了。

I'm going to go with A, 2 to 3 colds a year. 短語動詞

我选 A，每年感冒2到3次。

Well, we'll find out at the end of the program if you're right.

好的，在节目最后我们会揭晓你是否答对了。

Now, many people can become ill over the winter with diseases like colds, flu, and COVID-19. 短語搭配

很多人在冬天会感染感冒、流感和 COVID-19 等疾病。

Host of BBC Radio 4 program Inside Health, James Gallagher,

BBC Radio 4 节目《Inside Health》的主持人 James Gallagher，

gathered some experts to talk about immune systems,

召集了一些专家来探讨免疫系统，

and he started off by asking whether they'd had more illnesses than usual this winter. 短語動詞

他一开始就问大家，今年冬天是不是比平时更容易生病。

Hello.

大家好。

Hi.

嗨。

Right.

好了。

How has everyone been this winter? 語法

大家这个冬天过得怎么样？

Cuz I've had a rotten one, 用詞

因为我过得糟透了，

and I have felt constantly ill since about November. 語法

从大概十一月起，我就一直感觉在生病。

John?

John，你呢？

I have not had anything yet, touch wood. 習語

我还没生过病呢，敲木头（touch wood）祈求好运。

Okay, let's see what I can infect you with by the end of the show. 短語搭配

好吧，那看看节目结束前我能传染给你什么。

Margaret?

Margaret？

I was pretty unwell in September.

我九月份的时候病得很重。

I had what I presume to be COVID, 短語搭配

我估计是得了新冠，

but I've been allright since,

但从那以后我就没事了，

mild snuffles aside. 用詞

除了一点轻微的抽鼻子。

Eleanor, I really need someone to back me up. 短語動詞

Eleanor，我真的需要有人来支持（back me up）我一下。

Uh, no, sorry. 語氣意圖

呃，不，抱歉。

I've been absolutely 100% tickety-boo. 習語

我百分百安然无恙（tickety-boo）。

Unlike James,

与 James 不同，

Professor John Tregoning hasn't been ill.

John Tregoning 教授一直没生病。

John uses the expression touch wood,

John 使用了表达 'touch wood'，

which is an informal phrase said in order to avoid bad luck. 語法

这是一个为了避免厄运而说的非正式用语。

Doctor Margaret McCartney was unwell in September,

Margaret McCartney 医生在九月份不太舒服，

but has only had a few sniffles since. 用詞

但从那之后只有几次轻微的感冒（sniffles）。

Sniffles is an informal word used to describe minor illnesses that affect your nose.

'Sniffles' 是一个非正式用词，用来描述影响鼻子的轻微疾病。

We can also say sniffles.

我们也可以说 'sniffles'。

Host James is surprised that nobody has been ill

主持人 James 对没有人生病感到惊讶，

and says to Professor Eleanor Riley back me up.

并对 Eleanor Riley 教授说 'back me up'（支持我）。

If you ask someone to back you up,

如果你请某人 'back you up'，

you're asking for them to say something which supports your opinion.

你是在请他们说一些支持你观点的话。

But Eleanor has had a healthy winter too.

但是 Eleanor 也度过了一个健康的冬天。

She's been tickety-boo,

她一直 'tickety-boo'，

which is an informal phrase meaning everything's fine or in good order.

这是一个非正式用语，意思是一切都好、一切正常。

Throughout the winter,

整个冬天，

many people tried different techniques,

许多人尝试了不同的方法，

like taking supplements or eating certain foods to boost their immune system, 短語搭配

比如服用补充剂或吃特定的食物来增强免疫系统，

to improve their body's natural defenses against disease.

以提高身体对疾病的自然防御能力。

Host of BBC Radio 4 Inside Health, James Gallagher,

BBC Radio 4 节目《Inside Health》的主持人 James Gallagher，

asks Dr. Margaret McCartney

问 Margaret McCartney 医生

whether some of these products are successful.

这些产品中是否有一些是真的管用。

Okay, quick-fire round, Margaret. 短語搭配

好的，快问快答环节，Margaret。

Echinacea?

紫锥菊？

No.

没用。

Turmeric?

姜黄？

No.

没用。

Ginger shots?

生姜浓缩汁？

No.

没用。

This is a very, very good quiz.

这是一个非常非常好的测验。

What about the stuff you squirt up your nose when you're at the beginning of an infection? 短語搭配

那你在刚开始感染时喷进鼻子里的东西呢？

Interesting, but not any better than normal saline spray, 講解

有点意思，但并不比普通的生理盐水喷雾好，

just salt water.

也就是盐水。

In fact, according to Margaret,

事实上，根据 Margaret 的说法，

there isn't enough evidence that many popular health products can actually change the way your immune system works. 講解

没有足够的证据表明许多流行的保健产品能真正改变你免疫系统的工作方式。

Another popular health trend in the UK is cold water swimming. 用詞

英国另一个流行的健康趋势是冬泳。

People who swim in cold water say it's good for their mental health, 短語搭配

在冷水中游泳的人说这对他们的心理健康有好处，

and they also believe it makes them less likely to get ill during the winter months. 語法

他们也相信这能让他们在冬季不那么容易生病。

But scientists aren't sure about the benefits of cold water swimming for the immune system yet, 短語搭配

但科学家们目前还不确定冬泳对免疫系统的确切益处，

as Professor John Tregoning explained to BBC Radio 4's Inside Health.

正如 John Tregoning 教授在 BBC Radio 4 的《Inside Health》节目中所解释的那样。

The social element actually is really important.

其实社交因素非常重要。

It probably is beneficial to do. 用詞

这很可能是有益的。

You reduce stress,

你能减轻压力，

and cortisol dampens the immune system. 用詞

而皮质醇会削弱（dampens）免疫系统。

So actually,

所以实际上，

if you're stressed,

如果你感到压力大，

then maybe you are more prone to infection, 短語搭配

那么你可能更容易（prone to）感染，

and that may be why that benefit of being with people, 表達脈絡

这也许就是为什么和人相处带来的好处，

nice people that you like,

也就是和你喜欢的好人，

in nice places is helping.

在好的地方相处能有所帮助的原因。

But I don't think it's unique to cold water swimming. 短語搭配

但我不认为这是冬泳独有的。

I think you can probably get it from dancing or singing or going for a run. 短語搭配

我觉得你可能从跳舞、唱歌或跑步中也能获得这种好处。

John says that cortisol,

John 说皮质醇，

a chemical associated with stress, 短語搭配

一种与压力相关的化学物质，

dampens the immune system.

会削弱（dampens）免疫系统。

Here, dampens means makes weaker.

这里的 'dampens' 意思是削弱、使之减弱。

We also have a common expression dampen someone's spirits, 習語

我们还有一个常见的表达 'dampen someone's spirits'（扫某人的兴），

which means to make them less enthusiastic about something.

意思是让某人对某事的积极性降低。

John says that there is evidence that people who are stressed are more prone to infection. 表達脈絡

John 说有证据表明压力大的人更容易（more prone to）感染。

If you're more prone to something,

如果你对某事 'more prone to'，

it's more likely to happen to you.

它就更有可能发生在你身上。

It could be that cold water swimming reduces stress, 語法

可能是冬泳减轻了压力，

and so it helps people's immune systems work well.

因此它帮助人们的免疫系统良好运作。

But there are lots of other activities that could have the same effect and help people have fewer colds over winter. 短語搭配

但还有很多其他活动也能达到同样的效果，帮助人们在冬天少感冒。

Which reminds me of my question, 表達脈絡

这让我想起了我的问题，

Georgie.

Georgie。

I asked how many colds the average UK adult has a year.

我问英国普通成年人每年会得几次感冒。

And I said 2 to 3.

我说了2到3次。

And that is the correct answer.

那是正确答案。

So well done.

所以答得好。

Thank you.

谢谢。

Okay, let's recap the vocabulary we've learned, 表達脈絡

好的，让我们复习一下今天学到的词汇，

starting with touch wood,

从 'touch wood' 开始，

which is an expression used, often in speech,

这是一个常在口语中使用的表达，

to avoid bad luck.

用来避免厄运。

Sniffles, or sniffles,

'Sniffles' 或 'sniffles'，

are minor illnesses that affect your nose.

是影响你鼻子的轻微疾病（抽鼻子）。

If you ask someone to back you up,

如果你请某人 'back you up'，

you want them to say something to support your opinion.

你希望他们说点什么来支持你的观点。

The expression tickety-boo means fine and in good order.

表达 'tickety-boo' 的意思是一切都好、井然有序。

If you dampen something,

如果你 'dampen' 某物，

you make it weaker.

你使它变弱。

And the expression dampen someone's spirits means you make them less enthusiastic about something.

而表达 'dampen someone's spirits' 意思是你让他们对某事的积极性降低。

And if you're more prone to something,

如果你对某事 'more prone to'，

it's more likely to happen to you.

这件事就更有可能发生在你身上。

Once again, our 6 Minutes are up, 短語搭配

我们的6分钟又到了，

but you can test what you've learned with the free interactive quiz on our website. 短語搭配

但你可以在我们的网站上用免费的互动测试来检验你学到的知识。

Bye for now.

先说再见啦。

Goodbye.

再见。

Thanks for listening to this podcast from BBC Learning English.

感谢收听由 BBC Learning English 制作的播客。

Continue your learning on our website with courses, quizzes,

继续在我们的网站上通过课程、测验

and programs to improve your English.

和节目来提高你的英语。

Visit bbclearningenglish.com.

访问 bbclearningenglish.com。

Six Minute English from bbclearningenglish.com.

来自 bbclearningenglish.com 的六分钟英语。