热浪：我们能适应吗？⏲️ 6分钟英语：英语精读讲义

Six Minute English from bbclearningenglish.com.

来自 bbclearningenglish.com 的六分钟英语。

Hello, this is Six Minute English from BBC Learning English.

大家好，这里是 BBC Learning English 的六分钟英语。

I'm Beth.

我是 Beth。

And I'm Neil.

我是 Neil。

I have a confession to make, Neil. 短語搭配

Neil，我得承认一件事。

I love the hot weather.

我喜欢炎热的天气。

It's a chance to get outside, 短語搭配

这是个去户外的机会，

maybe get a suntan, but sometimes it gets too hot,

也许还能晒晒太阳，但有时候确实太热了，

even for me.

甚至对我来说也是如此。

Yes, depending where in the world you live, 表達脈絡

是的，取决于你住在世界上的什么地方，

you've probably noticed that it's getting hotter year after year. 短語搭配

你可能已经注意到天气一年比一年热。

2023 is the hottest year on record 用詞

2023年是有记录以来最热的一年，

with heatwaves in many countries around the world,

世界上许多国家都出现了热浪，

even Britain.

甚至包括英国。

When it gets too hot, 語法

当天气太热时，

the human body knows how to cool down. 短語動詞

人体知道如何降温。

It sweats,

它会出汗，

passing salty water called sweat through the skin to lose heat. 語法

通过皮肤排出叫做汗液的盐水来散热。

But unlike the body, 表達脈絡

但与身体不同的是，

houses don't know how to keep cool. 短語搭配

房屋并不知道如何保持凉爽。

And in hot parts of the world where air conditioning is unavailable or unaffordable, 用詞

在世界上炎热的地区，空调要么没有，要么买不起，

this is a real problem.

这就成了一个大问题。

In this program,

在本期节目中，

we'll be hearing about an innovative new idea for keeping houses cool

我们将听到一个保持房屋凉爽的创新思路，

in one of the hottest countries on Earth, India.

它发生地球上最热的国家之一——印度。

And as usual,

像往常一样，

we'll be learning some useful new vocabulary as well.

我们还会学到一些有用的新词汇。

But before we hear more about this sweaty subject, 習語

但在我们进一步了解这个让人出汗的话题之前，

I have a question for you, Neil.

Neil，我有个问题要问你。

Living in cities where summer temperatures regularly exceed 45 degrees Celsius, 語法

在夏季气温经常超过45摄氏度的城市里，

Indians have been finding clever ways to keep their houses cool 講解

5000多年来，印度人一直

for over 5,000 years.

在想出巧妙的方法来保持房屋凉爽。

One of them is called 'jaali'.

其中一种叫做“jaali”。

But what exactly is it?

但它究竟是什么呢？

Is 'jaali': A,

“Jaali”是：A、

a tall house designed to reduce sunlight?

一种旨在减少阳光照射的高脚屋？

B,

B、

a honeycomb pattern used in windows?

窗户上使用的蜂窝状图案？

Or C,

还是 C、

a system for spraying cool water?

一种喷洒冷水的系统？

Hmm, well, I guess 'jaali' is B,

嗯，我猜“jaali”是 B，

a honeycomb window pattern.

一种蜂窝状的窗户图案。

Okay, Neil.

好的，Neil。

We'll find out the answer later in the program. 短語動詞

我们将在节目稍后揭晓答案。

In May 2022,

2022年5月，

the temperature in Uttar Pradesh,

北方邦（Uttar Pradesh）的气温，

the largest state in North India,

印度北部最大的邦，

reached 49.2 degrees Celsius. 短語搭配

达到了49.2摄氏度。

Roshni Diwakar is a consultant for the Mahila Housing Trust,

Roshni Diwakar 是 Mahila Housing Trust 的顾问，

an NGO helping poor Indian women to heatproof their houses. 講解

这是一家帮助贫困印度妇女为其房屋做防热处理的非政府组织。

These women often work from home while their husbands are out in the heat, 短語搭配

这些妇女经常在家工作，而她们的丈夫在酷暑中外出，

working on construction sites.

在建筑工地上干活。

Here, Roshni describes a typical house

在这里，Roshni 向

to BBC World Service program People Fixing the World.

BBC世界服务频道《People Fixing the World》节目描述了一座典型的房屋。

They live in a small one-bedroom house with no windows, 短語搭配

她们住在一间没有窗户的小单间房子里，

no natural ventilation.

没有自然通风。

They don't necessarily have illegal electric connections, 語法

她们不一定有非法的电线连接，

and even if they do, they don't have electricity 24 hours a day. 講解

即使有，也不能保证24小时有电。

There are power cuts, 用詞

那里经常停电，

especially in the summer months.

尤其是在夏季。

Many of them have tin roofs,

她们很多人的房子都是铁皮屋顶，

which of course will really heat up. 短語動詞

当然这会非常吸热。

Health gets affected. 語法

健康受到影响。

Because their health is affected,

因为她们的健康受到影响，

their livelihood gets affected because they're daily wage earners. 用詞

她们的生计也会受到影响，因为她们是拿日薪的工人。

If you don't work, 語法

如果你不工作，

you don't earn.

你就没有收入。

Many of the houses have no window,

很多房子没有窗户，

so there's no ventilation,

所以没有通风，

the movement of fresh air around a space.

即新鲜空气在一个空间里的流动。

Air conditioning needs electricity,

空调需要电，

which most families can't afford.

这是大多数家庭负担不起的。

And even those who can experience frequent power cuts, 語法

即便是那些买得起的人也会遇到频繁的停电，

periods when the supply of electricity is stopped.

也就是电力供应被切断的时期。

In this heat,

在这样的高温下，

sickness is common.

生病是常事。

Often the men can't work,

通常男人们无法工作，

which is a problem because they are the daily wage earners.

这是个问题，因为他们是日结薪水的工人。

Someone who earns money on a day-to-day basis,

靠每天打零工赚钱的人，

meaning that they will receive no money if they cannot work.

意味着如果他们不能工作，他们就拿不到钱。

Families spend most of the day outside in the street,

一家人一天中大部分时间都待在街上，

and at night,

而到了晚上，

it's still too hot to sleep, 語法

还是热得睡不着，

even on the roof.

即使睡在屋顶上也一样。

But fortunately,

但幸运的是，

Roshni has been working on a clever cool roof solution, 短語動詞

Roshni 一直在研究一种巧妙的凉爽屋顶解决方案，

white paint.

那就是白漆。

Painting reflective anti-solar white paint on the roof can reduce room temperatures

在屋顶涂上反光防晒的白漆可以降低室内温度

by up to 4 degrees. 短語搭配

多达4度。

It may not sound like much, 表達脈絡

听起来可能不算多，

but it makes a big difference and allows families to work, 短語搭配

但这带来了巨大的改变，让这些家庭能够在室内工作、

cook, and even sleep inside.

做饭，甚至睡觉。

Here's Roshni again,

再次请出 Roshni，

talking with the BBC World Service program People Fixing the World.

在 BBC世界服务频道《People Fixing the World》节目中接受采访。

This has honestly been the most successful 語法

老实说，这一直是最成功的

of the technologies that they've adopted.

她们所采用的技术之一。

We started off by doing it in the city of Ahmedabad, 短語動詞

我们起初在艾哈迈达巴德市（Ahmedabad）实施，

but we've done it across other cities. 用詞

但我们已经将其扩展到了其他城市。

We've done it in Bangalore,

我们在班加罗尔（Bangalore）实施过，

we've done it in Jodhpur.

也在焦特布尔（Jodhpur）实施过。

In fact, in Jodhpur,

事实上，在焦特布尔，

we've done it in an entire slum.

我们在整个贫民窟都推行了。

Mahila Housing Trust gets external funding

Mahila Housing Trust 获得了外部资金，

and uses it to subsidize the cost of the paint, 用詞

并用其来补贴涂料成本，

meaning communities only end up paying 15 to 20% of the actual price. 短語動詞

这意味着社区最终只需支付实际价格的15%到20%。

Roshni's Housing Trust has been painting houses in cities all over India.

Roshni 所在的房屋信托机构一直在印度各个城市为房屋刷漆。

In Jodhpur,

在焦特布尔，

a city on the edge of the Thar Desert, 文化背景

一个位于塔尔沙漠边缘的城市，

they painted an entire slum, 用詞

他们为一个完整的贫民窟刷了漆，

a poor and crowded area of the city with very bad housing conditions.

那是城市里一个贫穷拥挤、住房条件极差的区域。

What's more, 表達脈絡

更重要的是，

the Trust subsidizes the paint,

该信托基金提供油漆补贴，

meaning they pay part of the cost.

意思是他们承担了部分费用。

So even the poorest families can afford it. 表達脈絡

所以即使是最贫困的家庭也能负担得起。

It's a great example of Indians skillfully finding ways of adapting to the heat. 短語搭配

这是印度人巧妙寻找适应高温方法的绝佳例子。

A modern version of 'jaali'

现代版的“jaali”，

you could say. 語氣意圖

你可以这么说。

So what was the answer to your question, Beth?

那么你的问题答案是什么呢，Beth？

Was my idea that 'jaali' is a honeycomb pattern used for windows correct?

我猜“jaali”是一种窗户上的蜂窝状图案，对吗？

It was the correct answer.

回答正确。

'Jaali' is a honeycomb design with many small holes

“Jaali”是一种带有许多小孔的蜂窝状设计，

set into wooden or stone windows. 短語動詞

镶嵌在木制或石制窗户里。

The small holes keep out the sunlight 短語動詞

这些小孔能阻挡阳光，

and cool down the air coming in. 短語動詞

并让吹进来的空气变凉。

Okay, it's time to recap the vocabulary

好了，现在是时候复习

we've learned in this program,

我们在本期节目中学到的词汇了，

starting with sweat.

首先是汗水（sweat）。

Passing salty water through the skin to stay cool.

通过皮肤排出盐水以保持凉爽。

Ventilation is the movement of fresh air.

通风（Ventilation）是指新鲜空气的流动。

A power cut is an interruption in the supply of electricity.

停电（power cut）是指电力供应中断。

A daily wage earner is a worker who earns money on a day-to-day basis.

日结工（daily wage earner）是指按天结算工资的工人。

A slum is a very poor and crowded area of a city.

贫民窟（slum）是城市中非常贫困拥挤的区域。

And finally,

最后，

if you subsidize something,

如果你补贴（subsidize）某物，

you pay part of its cost.

你就为它支付一部分费用。

Once again,

再一次，

our six minutes are up.

我们的六分钟到了。

Goodbye for now.

暂时说到这。

Bye.

再见。

Six Minute English from bbclearningenglish.com.

来自 bbclearningenglish.com 的六分钟英语。