没有医生的未来？ - 6分钟英语：英语精读讲义

Hi, Neil from BBC Learning English here.

大家好，我是 BBC Learning English 的 Neil。

Did you know that we are now offering a new weekly extra episode of Six Minute English exclusively on our website?

你知道我们现在每周都会在网站上独家提供一集新的《Six Minute English》额外节目吗？

So, go to bbclearningenglish.com to find your favorite presenters on your favorite program.

所以，请访问 bbclearningenglish.com，在你最喜欢的节目中找到你最喜欢的主持人。

The extra episodes are only available on our website bbclearningenglish.com.

额外节目仅在我们的网站 bbclearningenglish.com 上提供。

See you there.

到时见。

Six Minute English from bbclearningenglish.com.

这里是来自 bbclearningenglish.com 的《Six Minute English》。

Hello, this is Six Minute English from BBC Learning English.

大家好，这里是 BBC Learning English 的《Six Minute English》。

I'm Neil.

我是 Neil。

And I'm Sam.

我是 Sam。

Are you feeling well, Sam?

你感觉好吗，Sam？

No headache or sore throat?

没有头痛或喉咙痛吗？

No, I feel fine, thanks, Neil.

没有，我感觉很好，谢谢你，Neil。

Why do you ask?

你为什么这么问？

Well, I've been reading some inspirational stories about the doctors and nurses fighting COVID. 語法

嗯，我一直在读一些关于医生和护士抗击新冠疫情的鼓舞人心的故事。

When I was a boy,

当我还是个男孩时，

I always dreamed of becoming a doctor. 短語搭配

我一直梦想成为一名医生。

Ah, I see.

啊，我明白了。

Have you ever been in hospital? 用詞

你住过院吗？

Mm, yes, I have.

嗯，是的，我住过。

And I remember the nurse's bedside manner, you know, 用詞

我还记得护士对待病人的态度，你知道，

the kind and caring way that doctors and nurses treat people who are ill.

也就是医生和护士对待病人的那种和蔼体贴的方式。

Nowadays,

如今，

more and more of the jobs that humans do are being carried out by machines. 語法

越来越多的人类工作被机器取代。

But I doubt that a doctor's bedside manner could easily be replaced by a robot. 語氣意圖

但我怀疑医生对待病人的态度能否轻易被机器人取代。

In this program,

在本期节目中，

we'll be discussing whether the revolution in artificial intelligence,

我们将讨论人工智能的革命，

often shortened to AI, 短語搭配

通常简称为 AI，

could replace human doctors and nurses.

是否可以取代人类医生和护士。

We'll be asking,

我们会问，

can you imagine a future without doctors?

你能想象一个没有医生的未来吗？

In fact,

事实上，

machines are already doing some of the jobs traditionally done by doctors.

机器已经在做一些传统上由医生做的工作了。

Scanning people's bodies to detect skin cancer, for example.

例如，扫描人的身体来检测皮肤癌。

Yes, that's true, Sam.

是的，这是真的，Sam。

And it links to my quiz question,

这也和我的测试题有关，

which is about human skin.

这道题是关于人体皮肤的。

It's a well-known fact that skin is the human body's largest organ. 表達脈絡

众所周知，皮肤是人体最大的器官。

But how much skin does the average adult have?

但是一个普通成年人有多少皮肤呢？

Is it A, 2 square m,

是 A，2平方米，

B, 3 square m,

B，3平方米，

or C, 4 square m?

还是 C，4平方米？

Of course, our skin gets loose as we age,

当然，我们的皮肤会随着年龄的增长而松弛，

but I can't believe there's 3 square m of it.

但我不敢相信它有3平方米那么大。

I'll say the answer is A, 2 square m.

我觉得答案是 A，2平方米。

Okay,

好的，

we'll find out if that's correct later.

我们稍后会揭晓答案是否正确。

Every year in the UK,

在英国，每年

over 5 million people are treated for skin cancer. 短語搭配

都有超过500万人接受皮肤癌治疗。

Catch it early, and your chances of survival are increased. 講解

及早发现，你的存活率就会增加。

Usually, a skin specialist or dermatologist 用詞

通常，皮肤专科医生或皮肤科医生

will examine your skin using a handheld microscope.

会使用手持显微镜检查你的皮肤。

But in 2017,

但在2017年，

a team of researchers at Stanford Medical School made an exciting announcement.

斯坦福大学医学院的一个研究团队宣布了一个令人振奋的消息。

Here's Oxford University researcher Daniel Susskind telling BBC World Service program The Big Idea

下面是牛津大学研究员 Daniel Susskind 在 BBC 世界服务节目《The Big Idea》中讲述

what the medics at Stanford had invented.

斯坦福的医生们发明了什么。

A team of researchers at Stanford last year announced the development of a system that

斯坦福大学的一个研究团队去年宣布开发了一个系统，

if you give it a photo of a freckle,

如果你给它一张雀斑的照片，

it can tell you as accurately 語法

它能以

as 21 leading dermatologists whether or not that freckle is cancerous. 語法

21位顶尖皮肤科医生那样准确的程度，告诉你这个雀斑是否发生癌变。

The Stanford medical team had invented an AI system to analyze freckles, 用詞

斯坦福医疗团队发明了一种人工智能系统来分析雀斑，

small brown spots found on people's skin,

也就是在人的皮肤上发现的小褐斑，

especially on pale skin.

尤其是在白皙的皮肤上。

As it turned out, 表達脈絡

事实证明，

the AI program was better than human doctors 語法

人工智能程序比人类医生做得更好，

at telling whether a freckle was harmless or cancerous, 用詞

在判断雀斑是无害的还是癌变的方面，

connected to some type of cancer.

也就是是否与某种癌症相关联。

So, it seems that artificial intelligence is already replacing humans

也就是说，人工智能似乎已经在取代人类了

when it comes to detecting cancer 短語搭配

当涉及到检测癌症时，

and doing a better job of it. 短語搭配

并且做得更好。

But Daniel Susskind isn't convinced. 語氣意圖

但 Daniel Susskind 并不完全信服。

One reason is that AI systems still need humans to program them. 表達脈絡

一个原因是人工智能系统仍然需要人类来对其进行编程。

And as it turns out,

事实证明，

knowing exactly how doctors detect illness remains something of a mystery. 短語搭配

确切了解医生如何检测疾病仍然是个谜。

Here's Daniel Susskind again in conversation with BBC World Service program The Big Idea.

再次请听 Daniel Susskind 在 BBC 世界服务节目《The Big Idea》中的谈话。

If you ask a doctor how it is they make a diagnosis, 短語搭配

如果你问一位医生他们是如何做出诊断的，

they might be able to point you to particularly 短語搭配

他们可能会给你指出

revealing parts of a reference book

参考书中特别有启发性的部分，

or give you a few rules of thumb.

或者给你几条经验法则。

But ultimately, they'd struggle.

但最终，他们会感到有些为难。

They'd say again it requires things like creativity and judgment,

他们会再次说这需要创造力和判断力等因素，

and these things are very difficult to articulate. 用詞

而这些东西很难用语言表达清楚。

And so, traditionally, it's been thought very hard to automate. 語法

因此，传统上认为它很难实现自动化。

If a human being can't explain how they do these special things,

如果人类无法解释他们是如何做这些特殊事情的，

where on earth do we begin 習語

我们到底该从哪里开始

in writing instructions for a machine to follow?

为机器编写指令呢？

Most doctors find it difficult to explain how they make a diagnosis,

大多数医生觉得很难解释他们是如何做出诊断的，

their judgment about what someone's particular sickness is,

即他们对某人具体疾病的判断，

made by examining them.

是通过检查他们而得出的。

Diagnosing someone's illness is complicated,

诊断某人的疾病很复杂，

but there are some rules of thumb.

但有一些经验法则。

A rule of thumb is a practical but approximate way of doing something. 習語

经验法则是一种实用但近似的做事方式。

For example, when cooking,

例如，在做饭时，

a good rule of thumb is two portions of water to one portion of rice. 語法

一个很好的经验法则是两份水配一份米。

Exactly.

完全正确。

And because identifying sickness is so difficult,

正因为识别疾病如此困难，

Daniel says,

Daniel 说道，

where on earth do we begin writing instructions for a machine?

我们到底要从哪里开始给机器编写指令呢？

We use phrases like where, how, or what on earth

我们使用像 where、how 或 what on earth 这样的短语

to show feelings like anger, surprise, or disbelief.

来表达愤怒、惊讶或怀疑等情绪。

I might show surprise by asking Sam,

我可以通过问 Sam 来表达惊讶，

how on earth did you know the answer to that?

你到底是怎么知道那个答案的？

Aha, I guess you're talking about your quiz question, Neil.

啊哈，我猜你是在说你的测试题，Neil。

And you needn't be so surprised. 語法

你大可不必这么惊讶。

I'm naturally brainy. 用詞

我天生就很聪明。

Of course you are. 語氣意圖

你当然聪明。

In my quiz question,

在我的测试题中，

I asked Sam how much skin there is on an adult human body.

我问 Sam 成年人身上有多少皮肤。

And I said it was A, 2 square m.

我说答案是 A，2平方米。

Which was the correct answer.

这是正确答案。

With your brains, I think you'd make a good doctor, Sam. 短語搭配

凭你的聪明才智，我觉得你会成为一名好医生，Sam。

And I'm sure you'd have a good bedside manner, too.

我确信你对待病人的态度也会很好。

Ah, you mean the kind and caring way that doctors and nurses treat their patients.

啊，你是指医生和护士对待病人的那种和蔼体贴的方式。

Okay, let's recap the rest of the vocabulary, 表達脈絡

好了，让我们来回顾一下剩下的词汇，

starting with freckle,

从 freckle（雀斑）开始，

a small brown spot on someone's skin.

指人皮肤上的小棕色斑点。

Freckles are usually harmless, but some skin spots can be cancerous,

雀斑通常是无害的，但有些皮肤斑点可能是癌变的，

connected to cancer.

即与癌症相关。

A doctor's diagnosis is their judgment about what someone's particular sickness or disease is.

医生的 diagnosis（诊断）是他们对某人具体疾病或病症的判断。

A rule of thumb is a useful but approximate way of doing or measuring something.

A rule of thumb（经验法则）是一种有用但近似的做事或测量方法。

And finally, we use phrases like where on earth

最后，我们使用诸如 where on earth 之类的短语

as a way to show emotions like anger, surprise, or disbelief.

作为一种表达愤怒、惊讶或怀疑等情绪的方式。

That's all for this program,

这就是本期节目的全部内容，

but join us for the next edition of Six Minute English

请加入我们下一期的《Six Minute English》，

when we'll discuss another trending topic and the related vocabulary. 用詞

届时我们将讨论另一个热门话题和相关词汇。

Why on earth would you miss it?

你到底为什么要错过呢？

Goodbye for now.

暂时再见了。

Goodbye.

再见。

Six Minute English from the BBC.

这里是来自 BBC 的《Six Minute English》。