如果你只喝可乐（汽水）不喝其他东西会怎样？：英语精读讲义

Most of us humans have a sweet tooth, 習語

我们大多数人都有吃甜食的嗜好，

but it wasn't always that way. 表達脈絡

但并非总是如此。

In the 18th century,

在18世纪，

the British were refining large amounts of sugar,

英国人正在精炼大量的糖，

but it was still considered quite the luxury item. 語法

但它仍然被认为是一件相当奢侈的物品。

In fact,

事实上，

it was known as white gold 習語

它被称为白金，

and it was so precious and expensive 語法

而且它如此珍贵和昂贵，

that only the very wealthy ate it.

以至于只有非常有钱的人才吃得起。

Today,

如今，

the sugar industry is huge

制糖业规模庞大，

and while our daily intake of this sweet delight

尽管我们每天对这种甜美食品的摄入量

should only be about 50 grams,

应该只有大约50克，

according to health experts,

根据健康专家的说法，

it's thought when American sugar consumption

人们认为，当美国人的糖消费量

was at its peak in 1999, 短語搭配

在1999年达到顶峰时，

citizens were consuming close to 111 grams a day on average. 短語搭配

公民们平均每天消耗接近111克的糖。

It's thought right now that number is 94 grams.

目前认为这个数字是94克。

A big part of that is sugar in our drinks

其中很大一部分是我们饮料中的糖，

and that's what we'll discuss today.

而这正是我们今天要讨论的内容。

In this episode of the Infographics Show,

在本期《Infographics Show》中，

what would happen if you only drank Coke 語法

如果你只喝可口可乐

and nothing else?

而不喝其他任何东西，会发生什么？

Don't forget to subscribe

别忘了订阅

and click the bell button

并点击小铃铛按钮，

so that you can be part of our notification squad.

这样你就可以加入我们的通知小分队。

The history of Coca-Cola starts in 1886

可口可乐的历史始于1886年，

when an American pharmacist called Dr. John S. Pemberton

当时一位名叫约翰·S·彭伯顿博士的美国药剂师

started messing around with carbonated water and syrup. 短語動詞

开始折腾碳酸水和糖浆。

According to Coke's own website,

根据可口可乐自己的网站，

he was quite pleased with the results

他对结果非常满意，

and within a year he was selling nine servings a day,

不到一年，他每天能卖出九份，

each for 5 cents.

每份5美分。

Right now,

如今，

around 1.9 billion servings of Coke are sold daily.

每天售出大约19亿份可口可乐。

That's more than a quarter of the world's 7.5 billion people

这意味着世界上75亿人口中，有超过四分之一的人

guzzling this drink every day. 用詞

每天都在豪饮这种饮料。

It's believed that half the population of the USA drinks

据信，美国有一半的人口

at least half a glass of soda

每天都会喝至少半杯汽水，

every day of their lives.

这几乎成了他们日常生活的一部分。

But is that good for them?

但这真的对他们好吗？

First,

首先，

we have to know what's actually in Coke.

我们必须知道可口可乐里究竟有什么。

Is there really a secret ingredient

是否真的有一种神秘的成分，

that nobody can fathom except its creators?

除了它的创造者，没有其他人能猜透？

The secret formula was actually created

这个神秘配方实际上是在1891年

as a marketing stunt in 1891, 短語搭配

作为一种营销噱头而被创造出来的，

but still today

但直到今天，

Coke says only a very few people

可口可乐公司仍表示只有极少数的内部人士

on the inside know what that is. 習語

才知道那是什么。

Coke actually labels each ingredient as a merchandise

实际上，可口可乐将每种成分都标记为“商品”，

and they are numbered 1 to 9.

并且它们被编号为1到9。

One of them is of course

其中之一当然是

sugar or other sweeteners

糖或其他甜味剂，

and we know it also contains caffeine,

我们也知道它含有咖啡因、

caramel coloring and phosphoric acid.

焦糖色素和磷酸。

The rest of the ingredients are a mystery,

其余的成分则是个谜，

although it's thought there might be orange,

尽管有人认为糖浆里可能有橙子、

lime, vanilla, cinnamon

青柠、香草、肉桂，

and even nutmeg in the syrup.

甚至肉豆蔻。

One of the ingredients is called 7X.

其中一种成分被称为7X。

In a book on the subject,

在一本关于该主题的书中，

writer Mark Pendergrast said he had found

作家马克·彭德格拉斯特说他发现了

the hidden ingredients and they were a mix of oils

这些隐藏的成分，它们是一种混合油，

containing extract of orange,

含有橙子、

lemon, nutmeg, cinnamon, coriander,

柠檬、肉豆蔻、肉桂、芫荽、

neroli and also some alcohol.

橙花油的提取物，还有一些酒精。

Neroli is an essential oil from the orange tree.

橙花油是一种从苦橙树上提取的精油。

And yes,

没错，

the drink did at one point contain cocaine, 短語搭配

这种饮料曾一度含有可卡因，

but in those days the coca leaf

但在那个年代，古柯叶

was promoted as a health benefit.

被宣传为对健康有益。

According to Snopes,

根据Snopes网站的说法，

it only contained 1/400 of a grain of cocaine

每盎司糖浆中仅含有

per ounce of syrup.

1/400格令的可卡因。

That is not enough to make a person high, 語法

这不足以让人兴奋，

but it was still removed from the drink in 1903,

但在1903年，可卡因仍被从饮料中去除，

11 years before cocaine was actually made illegal in the USA. 短語搭配

这比可卡因在美国实际被定为非法早了11年。

Prior to that, 表達脈絡

在此之前，

it was the drink's selling point with its creator, 短語搭配

这是该饮料的卖点，它的创造者

a morphine addict himself,

（他本人就是一个吗啡上瘾者）

saying that Coke was a most wonderful invigorator

声称可口可乐是最绝妙的性器官

of sexual organs.

刺激物。

Much has changed,

时代变迁，

but Coke's marketing strategy is still often related

但可口可乐的营销策略依然经常与

to having a lust for life, 習語

对生活的热爱、

youth, spirit and sexiness.

青春、活力和性感联系在一起。

Now,

现在，

let's talk about the sugar.

让我们来谈谈糖分。

There are 9 grams of sugar in every 100 grams of the drink.

每100克这种饮料中含有9克糖。

In a 12-ounce can of Coke,

在一罐12盎司的可口可乐中，

there are 39 grams of sugar.

含有39克糖。

But we all know how much people like to overdose on Coke. 習語

但我们都知道，人们是多么喜欢超量饮用可口可乐。

A 7-Eleven Big Gulp of Coke

7-11便利店的大杯（Big Gulp）可乐

contains 91 grams of sugar,

含有91克糖，

almost double the recommended daily dose. 語法

几乎是推荐日摄入量的两倍。

A Super Gulp contains 146 grams of sugar

超大杯（Super Gulp）含有146克糖，

and a Double Gulp 186 grams of sugar.

而双倍大杯（Double Gulp）则含有186克糖。

A large Coke at McDonald's contains about 77 grams of sugar.

麦当劳的一大杯可口可乐大约含有77克糖。

Drinks got so big

饮料分量变得如此之大，

that New York created the sugary drinks portion cap rule, 文化背景

以至于纽约出台了含糖饮料容量限制规定，

but that didn't affect 7-Eleven's monstrous portions.

但这并没有影响到7-11便利店那些庞大的分量。

It only applied to restaurants,

它只适用于餐厅，

which were prohibited from serving sugary drinks 語法

这些餐厅被禁止供应超过16盎司的

bigger than 16 ounces.

含糖饮料。

No surprise,

毫不奇怪，

the sugar drink conglomerates opposed the bill,

糖饮料集团强烈反对这项法案，

stating that poor-income families

称低收入家庭

would lose out on those great deals. 短語動詞

将会错失那些划算的交易。

You could of course splurge and buy three separate drinks.

当然，你也可以挥霍一下，买三杯单独的饮料。

According to Mother Jones,

根据《Mother Jones》杂志的报道，

the biggest drinks out there are these in order:

市面上最大的饮料依次是：

7-Eleven Team Gulp at 128 fluid ounces,

7-11便利店128液体盎司的Team Gulp，

Humongous convenience store at 100 ounces,

便利店100盎司的Humongous，

the Beast's Arco at 85 ounces

Arco加油站85盎司的Beast，

and KFC's Mega Jug at 64 ounces.

以及肯德基64盎司的Mega Jug。

That would mean one Team Gulp

这意味着一杯Team Gulp

is 10.6 cans of Coke

相当于10.6罐可乐，

or 415 grams of sugar.

或者415克糖。

That is more than eight times more sugar 語法

这超过了医生建议的安全日摄入量的

than what doctors say is safe to consume each day.

八倍之多。

Maybe if you just drank Coke and nothing else,

也许如果你只喝可口可乐，不吃其他任何东西，

you might consume that amount,

你可能会消耗那么多量，

but what effect would it have on the body? 短語搭配

但这会对身体产生什么影响？

Maybe we can imagine a zombie apocalypse

也许我们可以想象一场丧尸末日，

and you are locked in a Coke warehouse

你被锁在了一个可口可乐仓库里，

and there's nothing but stock. 短語搭配

里面除了存货什么都没有。

As you can imagine, 表達脈絡

可以想象，

your teeth would soon start to rot.

你的牙齿很快就会开始腐烂。

The acid content in the Coke would destroy the enamel

可乐中的酸性物质会破坏你牙齿上的

on your teeth and the sugar would soon lead to cavities. 短語搭配

牙釉质，而糖分很快就会导致蛀牙。

The calories you consumed

你摄入的卡路里

would be less than the recommended 2,000

将低于推荐的2000卡路里

if you drank 10 point 6 cans of Coke

（如果你喝了10.6罐可乐，

at 150 calories a can,

每罐150卡路里的话），

but still the contents would hurt you.

但这些成分依然会伤害你。

According to one health website,

根据一个健康网站的说法，

all that high-fructose corn syrup you are consuming

你摄入的那些高果糖玉米糖浆

would start to increase fat on your liver.

会开始增加你肝脏上的脂肪。

It also said you would be at risk of getting cardiovascular disease. 短語搭配

该网站还说你有患上心血管疾病的风险。

Believe it or not, 表達脈絡

信不信由你，

one super fit guy from Los Angeles named George Prior

洛杉矶一个名叫乔治·普赖尔的超级健美的家伙，

actually drank 10 cans of Coke

真的每天喝10罐可乐，

every day for 30 days.

连续喝了30天。

He did eat other things too, though.

不过，他确实也吃了其他东西。

After his binge,

在他这一顿狂饮之后，

the British press said he put on 28 pounds. 短語動詞

英国媒体称他体重增加了28磅。

From being slim,

从原本的苗条身材，

he developed love handles, 用詞

他长出了腰间赘肉、

a pot belly and man boobs.

啤酒肚和男性乳房发育的现象。

He also said his blood pressure went up 短語動詞

他还说他的血压也上升了，

from 129 over 77

从129/77

to 145 over 96.

飙升到145/96。

His conclusion,

他的结论是：

"I think there are a lot of people suffering

“我认为有许多遭受

health problems like diabetes and heart disease

糖尿病和心脏病等健康问题折磨的人

aren't aware they could help themselves

并没有意识到他们本可以

by just stopping sugar." 語法

仅仅通过戒糖来帮助自己。”

He also admitted that the big corporations

他也承认，要阻止那些大公司

and their lobbying arms would be hard to stop. 習語

及其游说集团是很困难的。

Back to our Coke binge. 表達脈絡

回到我们的可乐狂欢。

According to some experts at Yale University,

根据耶鲁大学的一些专家的说法，

we'd start aging rapidly as well as putting on pounds 短語搭配

我们会开始迅速衰老，并且体重增加，

and losing teeth.

还会掉牙。

The same study says that we'd feel really hungry

同一项研究还指出，我们会一直感到非常饥饿，

all the time

每时每刻，

as sweet tastes increase appetite.

因为甜味会增加食欲。

We might even start gnawing at the crates in the warehouse.

我们甚至可能开始啃噬仓库里的板条箱。

Weight gain would be definite.

体重增加是肯定的。

Studies have shown that 1/5

研究表明，五分之一的

of America's famous obesity epidemic

美国著名的肥胖流行病

is from people just drinking too many sugary drinks.

仅仅是因为人们喝了太多含糖饮料引起的。

Another article explains that one woman drank 2 liters of soda

另一篇文章解释说，一名女子每天喝2升汽水，

every day and no water at all for 16 years.

16年来完全不喝水。

Her addiction put her in the hospital 短語搭配

她的瘾导致她被送进了医院，

at the age of just 31.

当时她才31岁。

She was suffering from arrhythmia,

她患有心律失常、

fainting spells and potassium deficiency. 短語搭配

晕厥和缺钾。

You can only imagine what a Coke-only diet would do to us. 語法

你只能想象，纯可乐饮食会对我们造成什么影响。

Research has shown that just reducing the amount of sugar 表達脈絡

研究表明，仅仅减少饮料中的含糖量，

in drinks could prevent over a million cases of obesity.

就能预防超过一百万例肥胖症。

What does the World Health Organization say about this?

世界卫生组织对此有何看法？

"We have solid evidence that keeping intake of free sugars 講解

“我们有确凿的证据表明，将游离糖的摄入量控制在

to less than 10% of total energy intake

总能量摄入的10%以下，

reduces the risk of overweight, 短語搭配

可以降低超重、

obesity and tooth decay,"

肥胖和蛀牙的风险，”

said the WHO's Department of Nutrition

世界卫生组织营养与健康

for Health and Development in 2015.

发展部在2015年表示。

Things could soon change,

事情可能很快就会发生变化，

but sugar politics is a big deal 習語

但糖业政治是一件大事，

and in the end the bottom line 習語

最终，利润底线

is more important than your health,

比你的健康更重要，

say most critics.

大多数批评人士如是说。

The sugar industry has spent $54 million

制糖业在过去八年里花费了5400万美元

lobbying in the last eight years.

进行游说。

Well,

嗯，

in the UK politicians knew this and tried

在英国，政客们意识到了这一点，并试图

to come up with a way to reduce 講解

拿出一种方法，通过对糖征收更高的税，

obesity in the country by taxing sugar higher.

来减少该国的肥胖问题。

This hasn't come in yet,

这项政策还没有出台，

but already drinks manufacturers have begun

但饮料制造商已经开始

reducing the sugar in their drinks

减少他们在英国饮料中的糖分，

in the UK by as much as 50% 語法

降幅高达50%，

because of this.

就是因为这个原因。

Coke was one of those companies,

可口可乐也是这些公司之一，

but the 30% sugar reduction will only happen

但据美国有线电视新闻网（CNN）报道，减糖30%的举措只会在

in the UK, according to CNN.

英国实施。

So,

那么，

how much soda do you drink in a day?

你一天喝多少汽水？

Will this video get you to reduce your intake? 語法

这个视频会让你减少摄入量吗？

Let us know in the comments. 語氣意圖

请在评论区告诉我们。

Also,

另外，

be sure to check out our other video

一定要去看看我们的另一段名为

called Vegans versus Meat Eaters.

《纯素食者对战肉食者》的视频。

Who will live longer?

谁会活得更久？

Thanks for watching and as always,

感谢观看，和往常一样，

don't forget to like, share and subscribe.

别忘了点赞、分享和订阅。

See you next time.

我们下次再见。