青春痘有治吗？：英语精读讲义

Whether it's the first day of school, 語法

无论是开学第一天，

a big interview,

一场重要的面试，

or your wedding day,

还是你的婚礼当天，

pimples find a way of cropping up 短語動詞

痘痘总有办法冒出来，

at the most inconvenient times.

而且偏偏挑最不合时宜的时候。

But why do they occur and how do we get rid of them? 短語搭配

可它们为什么会出现，我们又该如何摆脱它们呢？

The term pore is just another way of saying hair follicle 短語搭配

“毛孔”其实就是毛囊的另一种说法，

and your body is covered in them.

而你的全身都布满了毛囊。

Within the follicle is a gland that produces 語法

毛囊内有一种腺体，会分泌

an oily substance called sebum, 用詞

一种叫作皮脂的油性物质，

which empties onto the skin

它会排到皮肤表面，

to keep your hair and body moisturized. 語法

让毛发和皮肤保持滋润。

But if the hair follicle becomes clogged 短語搭配

但如果毛囊被

with dead skin cells and oils,

死皮细胞和油脂堵住，

a blockage is created.

就会形成阻塞。

Sebum continues to be produced, 語法

皮脂仍在不断分泌，

but it's trapped within the follicle,

却被困在毛囊里，

making it become enlarged. 語法

导致毛囊膨大。

And this is where bacteria come into play, 習語

这时，细菌就登场了，

feeding on the dead skin and sebum,

它们以死皮和皮脂为食，

which can unfortunately lead to infection.

不幸的是，这可能引发感染。

Your immune system responds by sending blood to the area, 語法

免疫系统会作出反应，把血液输送到这个部位，

giving the appearance of redness and inflammation, 短語搭配

于是那里看起来发红、发炎，

and white blood cells come to the site too

白细胞也会赶到现场，

to clear up the infection. 短語動詞

清除感染。

When the white blood cells die,

当白细胞死亡后，

they combined with the dead skin and sebum

它们会与死皮和皮脂混合，

create the pus-filled pimple.

形成充满脓液的痘痘。

If the blockage occurs under the skin,

如果阻塞发生在皮肤下面，

it creates a white bump known as a whitehead. 短語搭配

就会形成白色凸起，叫作白头粉刺。

And if the blockage is above the skin

如果阻塞出现在皮肤表面，

and black discoloration occurs,

并且颜色变黑，

it's known as a blackhead.

就叫作黑头粉刺。

This is a result of melanin in the dead skin cells

这是因为死皮细胞中的黑色素

reacting with oxygen,

与氧气发生反应，

creating a black color.

产生了黑色。

It's not dirt.

那可不是污垢。

We get the most pimples when we're teens

青少年时期，我们长的痘最多，

due to the increased amount of androgen hormones 用詞

这是因为体内的雄激素会增加，

like testosterone in our bodies

比如睾酮，

at the onset of puberty. 短語搭配

这种变化会在青春期开始时出现。

Testosterone sends the production of sebum into overdrive, 習語

睾酮会让皮脂分泌量猛增，

increasing the incidence of blockages. 用詞

从而更容易发生堵塞。

But zits can occur at any time. 用詞

不过，痘痘任何时候都可能出现，

often brought on by stressful events. 短語動詞

通常由压力事件诱发。

Cortisol, the stress hormone, 語法

压力激素皮质醇

increases the amount of inflammation in your body,

会加剧身体的炎症，

meaning more red bumps on your face, 表達脈絡

也就是让脸上出现更多红肿的凸起，

and can also suppress your immune system,

它还会抑制免疫系统，

meaning your body can't fight the bacteria

使身体无法对抗

that's causing the acne.

引发痤疮的细菌。

So, how do we fight the war on pimples? 習語

那么，我们该如何打赢这场“战痘”呢？

For normal breakouts,

对于普通的爆痘，

cleaning your face to remove excess oil,

清洁面部、去除多余油脂，

which prevents pore blockage,

可以防止毛孔堵塞；

and occasionally exfoliating to remove dead skin

偶尔去角质、清除死皮，

will help.

也会有所帮助。

Although acne often cannot be solved this way,

不过，痤疮往往无法用这种方法解决，

and it's important to remember

而且一定要记住，

that cleanliness and diet

清洁程度和饮食

do not play a major role in acne, 短語搭配

并不是影响痤疮的主要因素，

but rather your genetics and hormones. 表達脈絡

真正起主要作用的是遗传和激素。

Many drugs exist like benzoyl peroxide,

可用的药物有很多，比如过氧化苯甲酰，

which kills specific acne-causing bacteria,

它能杀死特定的致痘细菌；

salicylic acid,

水杨酸，

which helps to remove dead skin blockages,

有助于清除死皮造成的堵塞；

retinoids, which reduce sebum production,

维A酸类药物，能减少皮脂分泌；

and a variety of others.

以及其他多种药物。

Though some drugs can have severe side effects.

不过，有些药物可能产生严重的副作用。

In women, some success has been seen 用詞

对女性而言，

with oral contraceptives, 用詞

口服避孕药已显示出一定效果，

which decrease the ovaries production

因为它能减少卵巢

of androgen hormones,

产生的雄激素，

ultimately decreasing sebum.

最终降低皮脂分泌。

Of course,

当然，

consulting with a doctor

咨询医生，

over which regimen is best suited to you 短語搭配

确定哪种治疗方案最适合你，

is always best.

永远是最好的选择。

But new therapies and cures may be on the horizon 習語

不过，新的疗法和治愈手段或许已初露曙光，

with the help of science.

而这要归功于科学。

By studying individuals who do not get acne, 語法

通过研究那些不会长痤疮的人，

scientists noticed something.

科学家发现了一个现象。

The bacteria that typically causes acne

通常会导致痤疮的细菌

still exists on their skin,

依然存在于他们的皮肤上，

but it's a different strain. 用詞

但菌株不同。

It turns out that this same bacteria 表達脈絡

事实证明，同一种细菌

with slightly different genes

只要基因略有不同，

causes healthier skin.

反而能让皮肤更健康。

Knowing this, 表達脈絡

有了这一认识，

future therapies may include a deeper look 短語搭配

未来的疗法或许会更深入地研究

at the bacterial level

细菌层面的问题，

and whether or not altering your skin microbiota 講解

并探究改变皮肤微生物群

could cure pimples.

能否治愈痘痘。

We're really glad to be working in collaboration 短語搭配

我们真的非常高兴能

with Bill and Melinda Gates

与比尔和梅琳达·盖茨合作，

in supporting their annual letter this year

支持他们今年的年度公开信，

called Two Superpowers We Wish We Had.

题为《我们希望拥有的两种超能力》。

Every year they release a letter

他们每年都会发布一封公开信，

looking at global issues,

探讨全球性议题，

and this year the question is,

而今年的问题是：

what would your superpower for good be? 用詞

你希望拥有哪种造福他人的超能力？

Would it be to have more clean energy like Bill 語法

你会像比尔一样，希望拥有更多清洁能源，

or more time like Melinda,

还是像梅琳达一样，希望拥有更多时间？

which means one thing in rich countries 表達脈絡

“更多时间”在富裕国家是一回事，

and something else to the world's poorest families?

对世界上最贫困的家庭来说却是另一回事。

It's a chance to enact positive change in the world. 短語搭配

这是一个推动世界积极改变的机会。

So, find something you're passionate about

所以，找一件你真正热爱的事，

and learn more about it.

深入了解它吧。

You can check out the letter

你可以阅读这封公开信，

with the link in the description,

链接就在视频简介中；

and we'll be posting our superpower ideas

我们也会分享自己的超能力构想，

on our Instagram

发布在我们的 Instagram 上，

with the hashtag superpower for good.

并带上“#superpowerforgood”这个话题标签。

And subscribe for more weekly science videos.

还请订阅我们的频道，每周收看更多科学视频。