为什么我们会害怕13号星期五和数字13？：英语精读讲义

For centuries, we've been wary of the number 13. 講解

几个世纪以来，我们一直对数字13心存畏惧。

We've built office blocks and condominiums with 12 and 14 floors, but no 13th.

我们建造了12层和14层的办公楼和公寓，却没有13层。

And Winston Churchill,

而温斯顿·丘吉尔，

considered by many to be one of the most rational and pragmatic historical figures, 語法

被许多人认为是历史上最理性、最务实的人物之一，

refused to sit in the 13th row at the theater.

在剧院看戏时也拒绝坐在第13排。

Even some airlines like Continental,

甚至连一些航空公司，如美国大陆航空、

Air France and Ryanair,

法国航空和瑞安航空，

don't have a 13th row.

都没有第13排。

We both fear and respect the number 13. 語法

我们对数字13既敬畏又恐惧。

But just what is triskaidekaphobia, 表達脈絡

但是，十三恐惧症究竟是什么，

the fear of the number 13,

对数字13的恐惧，

and where does it originate from?

它是从哪里起源的呢？

Today we'll find out in this episode of The Infographics Show, 短語動詞

今天我们将在《信息图解秀》的这集里一探究竟，

why are we afraid of Friday the 13th and the number 13?

我们为什么害怕13号星期五和数字13？

First of all, 表達脈絡

首先，

we must consider the number 12 as the perfect number.

我们必须将数字12视为完美的数字。

The ancient Sumerians produced a numeral system based on the number 12

古苏美尔人创造了基于数字12的数字系统，

that we still enjoy today.

直至今日我们仍在沿用。

Calendars have 12 months,

日历有12个月，

the day is halved by two sets of 12.

一天由两套12小时平分。

12 is a whole, complete,

12是一个完整的、圆满的、

perfectly divisible number.

可以完美整除的数字。

So why then is 13 so sinister?

那么为什么13会如此险恶呢？

Is it just that 12 is so ideal 語法

难道仅仅是因为12太过理想，

that we must find something inherently bad in 13?

以至于我们必须在13中寻找某种天生的恶吗？

As any theology student will tell you, 表達脈絡

任何神学生都会告诉你，

there were 13 disciples at the Last Supper, 文化背景

最后的晚餐上有13位门徒，

and the 13th person to take his seat was probably Jesus,

且第13位落座的很可能就是耶稣，

although some say it was the backstabbing Judas 習語

尽管也有人说，是那个背信弃义的犹大

who took chair number 13.

坐了第13个位子。

Whoever took that last 13th seat came to a sticky end. 習語

无论谁坐了最后这第13个位子，下场都很惨。

Matthew says that Judas committed suicide after the crucifixion,

马太说犹大在耶稣受难后上吊自杀，

while the early Christian leader Papias says that Judas walked around in the world,

而早期基督教领袖帕皮亚斯则说，犹大在世间四处游荡，

a sad example of impiety,

成了一个可悲的不虔诚的例子，

for his body having swollen to such an extent 語法

因为他的身体肿胀得如此厉害，

that he could not pass where a chariot could pass easily.

以至于连战车能轻易通过的地方，他都过不去。

So Judas may well have grown to a size 13. 語法

所以犹大很有可能长到了13号那么大。

The Last Supper took place on the 13th day of the month,

最后的晚餐发生在那个月的第13天，

and the crucifixion occurred on Friday the 13th.

耶稣受难发生在13号星期五。

The Knights Templar, 文化背景

圣殿骑士团，

protectors of the Holy Grail, 文化背景

也就是圣杯的守护者，

the cup Jesus drank from at the ominous shindig, 用詞

（即耶稣在那场不祥的聚会上使用的那个杯子），

were all slaughtered on order from Pope Clement on, yes,

都是在教皇克莱孟的命令下被屠杀的，没错，

Friday the 13th.

就在13号星期五。

13 is also an unlucky number

13也是一个不吉利的数字，

if you find yourself unfortunate or guilty enough 語法

如果你发现自己不幸或罪孽深重，

to be sentenced to hang for a crime.

因为某项罪行被判处绞刑。

There were 13 long steps up to the gallows,

走上绞刑架有13级长长的台阶，

and only one short cut down. 習語

只有一条坠落的捷径。

A coven of witches has 13 members, 用詞

一个女巫集会有13名成员，

and if there are 13 letters in your name,

如果你的名字里有13个字母，

you are surely cursed to damnation.

你肯定会被诅咒下地狱。

Jack the Ripper,

开膛手杰克、

Jeffrey Dahmer, and Charles Manson

杰弗里·达默和查尔斯·曼森

all had 13 letters in their birth names.

他们的出生名字里都有13个字母。

And it's not just on planet Earth 語法

而且，不仅仅是在地球上，

that the number 13 is considered unlucky.

数字13才被认为是不吉利的。

Apollo 13, 文化背景

阿波罗13号，

the seventh manned mission in the Apollo space program,

阿波罗太空计划中的第七次载人任务，

was launched in 1970 from the Kennedy Space Center,

于1970年从肯尼迪航天中心发射，

but the lunar landing was aborted

但在氧气罐爆炸后，

after an oxygen tank exploded,

登月计划被迫中止，

and the astronauts were lucky to return to Earth

宇航员们很幸运地在六天后

six days later with their lives intact. 短語搭配

保住了性命，返回地球。

Even in space the number 13 is the unluckiest number.

甚至在太空中，数字13也是最不吉利的数字。

In tarot, the 13th card in the deck is death.

在塔罗牌中，牌组中的第13张牌是死神。

To draw the death card in the tarot

在塔罗牌中抽到死神牌

doesn't mean that you will die straight away.

并不意味着你会立刻死去。

Death in the tarot sense is more about change, rebirth, and creation. 文化背景

塔罗牌意义上的死神更多的是关于改变、重生和创造。

But if you do draw the death card 語法

但是，如果你真的

on the 13th day of the month

在每月的13号抽到了死神牌，

and see a black cat crossing your path 文化背景

又看到黑猫从你面前穿过，

and the moon is full and you happen to be superstitious, 短語搭配

并且刚好满月，而你又碰巧很迷信，

you may potentially have an unlucky day.

那么你可能会度过倒霉的一天。

But you probably won't die,

但你可能不会死，

not that day anyway.

至少那天不会。

But why is Friday considered the unlucky day?

但为什么星期五被认为是不吉利的日子呢？

In biblical terms, Friday has had a checkered history. 習語

从圣经的角度来看，星期五有一段波折的历史。

Jesus was crucified and Eve tempted Adam

耶稣被钉死在十字架上，夏娃诱惑亚当

on a lazy Friday afternoon.

都在一个慵懒的星期五下午。

Abel was slain by Cain,

亚伯被该隐杀害，

and the great floods began on a Friday.

以及大洪水都始于星期五。

Historically, Friday doesn't fare well either. 短語搭配

在历史上，星期五的境况也好不到哪去。

Citizens were executed in Rome on a Friday,

在罗马，公民会在星期五被处决，

and also on a Friday in Britain people were usually hung, 習語

在英国，人们也通常在星期五被绞死，

meaning that on Saturday people were usually hung over

这意味着在星期六，人们通常会宿醉，

after merrily watching one of their fellow men be eliminated the night before.

因为他们前一天晚上愉快地观看了自己的同胞被处决。

Fridays in theological and historical texts usually spells bad news. 習語

无论在神学还是历史文献中，星期五通常意味着坏消息。

The number 13 isn't totally unlucky wherever you go in time in history.

在历史长河中，无论你走到哪里，数字13并不完全是不吉利的。

The ancient Egyptians considered 13 fortuitous.

古埃及人认为13是吉祥的。

China has a deep fear of the number four,

中国人对数字4有深深的恐惧，

the Japanese avoid the number nine,

日本人避讳数字9，

and the unluckiest number in Italy is 17.

而在意大利最不吉利的数字是17。

Indians have a deep distrust of 26,

印度人对26有深深的不信任感，

and in Bulgaria the number is 0888888888

在保加利亚，0888888888这个数字

is the one to be most terrified of

则是最让人感到恐惧的

all numbers following the acquisition of that jinxed phone number

一串数字，因为在获得这个倒霉的电话号码之后，

by a number of high-profile people who subsequently died

有几位知名人士随后死亡，

according to urban myth. 表達脈絡

至少都市传说是这么说的。

The former US flag had 13 red and white stripes

以前的美国国旗有13道红白条纹，

and 13 stars representing the first 13 colonies that founded the country.

还有13颗星，代表建立该国的首批13个殖民地。

Christopher Columbus landed on the Western Hemisphere on October 13th,

克里斯托弗·哥伦布于10月13日登陆西半球，

although deliberately changed the official date to the 12th of October

尽管他故意将官方日期改为了10月12日，

to avoid the scandal of a cursed landing.

以避免遭到诅咒登陆的流言蜚语。

Sikh religion believes the number 13 is special.

锡克教认为数字13很特别。

In Punjabi, 13 translates to yours or I am yours, 文化背景

在旁遮普语中，13翻译为你的或我是你的，

my lord, and is considered divinely lucky.

我的主，并且被认为是神圣幸运的。

Moreover, in bakery circles, 習語

此外，在烘焙界，

13 is also considered lucky.

13也被认为是幸运的。

A baker's dozen, or 13, 習語

面包师的一打，即13，

is the ordinarily 12 with one added just for luck.

就是通常的12个再额外加上一个，只是为了讨个吉利。

The number 13 also represents femininity

数字13也代表女性特征，

as the number of lunar or menstrual cycles

因为月亮周期或月经周期

in a year is often around 12 or 13.

一年中的次数通常在12或13次左右。

In China, women make offerings of mooncakes

在中国，女性会供奉

with the number 13 imprinted on them

印有数字13的月饼，

as 13 denotes blood, fertility, and lunar potency,

因为13代表血液、生育能力和月亮的能量，

and good luck from the great female goddess.

以及来自伟大女性女神的好运。

13 represents the life cycle and the rhythm of nature and the moon.

13代表着生命周期以及自然和月亮的节奏。

So although considered unlucky by some, 語法

因此，尽管有人认为不吉利，

the number 13 represents the very thing that brought us all here to watch this episode,

数字13代表的正是让我们相聚在此观看本集视频的东西，

so perhaps 13 isn't that unlucky after all. 表達脈絡

所以也许13并没有那么倒霉。

So what do you think about the number 13,

那么你认为数字13怎么样，

lucky or unlucky?

幸运还是不幸？

Let us know why in the comments.

请在评论区告诉我们原因。

Also, be sure to check out our other video called Taboos Around the World.

另外，一定要去看看我们另一部叫《世界各地的禁忌》的视频。

Thanks for watching and as always,

感谢观看，一如既往，

don't forget to like, share, and subscribe.

别忘了点赞、分享和订阅。

See you next time.

我们下次再见。