士兵擅离职守(AWOL)会发生什么？：英语精读讲义

The United States military has long prided itself on being an all-volunteer force 講解

美国军队长期以来一直以自己是一支全志愿部队而自豪，

and data from around the world has proven time and time again 習語

而来自世界各地的数据一次又一次地证明，

that volunteer soldiers routinely outperform and outfight conscripted soldiers. 用詞

志愿兵在日常表现和战斗力上往往优于征召兵。

American soldiers can enjoy decent, if not great, 語法

美国士兵可以享受即使算不上极好但也相当不错的

pay, medical benefits during and after serving,

薪酬，以及服役期间和退役后的医疗福利，

a very generous education benefits package,

非常丰厚的教育福利方案，

and a slew of other benefits 短語搭配

以及大量其他福利，

all meant to entice everyday people to give up their normal lives and to become a soldier. 講解

所有这些都是为了吸引普通人放弃原本的生活并成为一名士兵。

But sometimes service's too much of a burden 語法

但有时候，服役的负担太重，

or a new recruit realizes that military life simply isn't something they're cut out for. 習語

或者新兵发现自己根本不适合军队生活。

Perhaps a soldier objects to being sent to a combat zone, 語法

也许一名士兵反对被派往战区，

either out of cowardice or on grounds of morality. 短語搭配

无论是出于怯懦还是出于道德原因。

For many of these soldiers,

对于许多这类士兵来说，

the only solution is a drastic one,

唯一的解决办法就是采取极端的手段：

to go AWOL or absent without leave. 文化背景

擅离职守（AWOL，即无故缺勤）。

But what happens when you go AWOL?

但是，当你擅离职守时会发生什么呢？

Between 2001 and 2012,

在2001年至2012年间，

during the height of the Global War on Terror, 講解

也就是全球反恐战争的最高潮时期，

approximately 50,000 US service members went AWOL,

大约有五万名美国军人擅离职守，

either permanently or for short amounts of time.

无论是永久性还是短时间的。

The military defines AWOL status as not being where you're ordered to be 語法

军方将AWOL状态定义为：未在规定的时间

at the time instructed to be there.

出现在被命令到达的地点。

So technically,

所以严格来说，

being late to formation can count as being AWOL. 短語搭配

集合迟到也可以算作AWOL。

Overwhelmingly,

绝大多数情况下，

most soldiers go AWOL for completely unintended reasons,

大多数士兵擅离职守都是出于完全无意的原因，

such as being stuck with bad travel plans 短語動詞

比如受困于糟糕的旅行计划，

or are AWOL for only a day or two before returning to their unit.

或者只是AWOL一两天就回到了部队。

Some, however,

然而，也有一些人

go AWOL with the intention to leave the military permanently. 短語搭配

擅离职守是打算永久离开军队。

Once AWOL,

一旦AWOL，

you have 30 days to report back to duty 短語搭配

你有30天的时间返回岗位报到，

before you're officially listed as a deserter

否则就会被正式列为逃兵，

and the punishment you face varies depending on how long you were gone 短語搭配

你面临的惩罚因你离开的时间长短

and what you did during that time.

以及你在此期间的行为而有所不同。

Once you return from AWOL status or are captured by law enforcement,

一旦你从AWOL状态返回，或被执法部门抓获，

you'll face a military court-martial, 文化背景

你将面临军事法庭的审判，

which is the same as a civilian court with some notable exceptions

除了少数值得注意的例外情况外，这与民事法庭相同，

and is exclusively for military service members.

并且是专门为军人设立的。

Punishments can vary,

不过，惩罚可能各不相同，

though, and as mentioned before,

正如前面提到的，

are typically meted out proportionate to the violation. 講解

通常会根据违规程度按比例量刑。

Going AWOL for a day or two

擅离职守一两天

might earn you disciplinary action from your commanding officer

可能会让你受到指挥官的纪律处分，

and can vary depending on their own judgment

并且根据他们自己的判断，处分内容各异，

from everything from administrative and legal action

从行政和法律处分，

to off the record punishments such as harsh mandatory PT sessions 習語

到非正式的惩罚（如严酷的强制性体能训练），

or a bevy of very unpleasant chores that will make sure you no longer have any free time. 短語搭配

或是一堆让你根本没有空闲时间的非常繁重的苦差事。

Under Article 87 of the Uniform Code of Military Justice 文化背景

根据《统一军事司法法典》第87条

or the laws which govern military service members,

或管辖军人的相关法律，

individuals who miss movements or the departure of a soldier's unit for deployment 文化背景

错过部队调动或士兵所属部队部署出发的人员

can be punished in one of two ways.

可以受到两种方式之一的惩罚。

If a soldier misses the movement on purpose,

如果士兵故意错过调动，

as in refuses to deploy when ordered,

比如在接到命令时拒绝部署，

they can be dishonorably discharged and have all pay and allowances forfeited for a period of time, 文化背景

他们可能会被不光彩退伍，并在一段时间内被没收所有薪酬和津贴，

be reduced to the lowest enlisted grade,

被降至最低士兵等级，

the lowest rank in their service,

即其所在军种的最低军衔，

or be confined for up to two years.

或者被监禁长达两年。

If the soldier missed their deployment because of their own neglect,

如果士兵因自己的疏忽错过了部署，

but not on purpose,

但并非故意，

they may receive a bad conduct discharge or Big Chicken Dinner, 文化背景

他们可能会收到不良品行退伍，或者军中俗称的

as it's known in the military parlance,

“大鸡排晚餐”（Big Chicken Dinner），

forfeit pay and allowances for a period of time,

在一段时间内被没收薪酬和津贴，

be reduced to the lowest rank,

降至最低军衔，

or be confined for up to one year.

或被监禁长达一年。

It's important to note that punishments can be cumulative. 表達脈絡

需要注意的是，惩罚是可以累加的。

So, for example,

所以举个例子，

you may be forced to forfeit all pay for six months

你可能会被强制没收六个月的全部薪酬，

and be reduced in rank.

并被降级。

Under Article 86,

根据第86条，

soldiers who go absent without leave

擅离职守的士兵

are subject to various penalties depending on the nature of their offense. 短語搭配

将根据其违规性质受到各种处罚。

Soldiers who fail to report to their appointed place of duty, 文化背景

未能到指定地点报到的士兵，

as in being late for work,

比如上班迟到、

leaving work early,

早退、

not reporting to a new duty station, or miss an appointment,

未到新岗位报到或错过预约，

can be subject to confinement for one month,

可能会面临一个月的监禁，

reduction to the lowest rank,

降至最低军衔，

and forfeit two-thirds of their pay for one month.

并没收一个月三分之二的薪水。

Harsh,

听起来很严厉，

but it's unlikely you'll face any of those punishments

但如果你一个月只是迟到几次，

if you're just late to work for a few times a month.

是不太可能面临这些惩罚的。

But make it a habit 短語搭配

但如果养成习惯，

and you could very well face one of these punishments or multiple. 語法

你很有可能面临其中一项或多项惩罚。

If a soldier leaves their post without authorization while on guard or watch duty, 用詞

如果士兵在站岗或值班时未经授权擅离岗位，

but does so without the intent to abandon that post,

但没有遗弃该岗位的意图，

they can face the following punishments:

他们可能面临以下惩罚：

confinement for three months,

监禁三个月，

reduction to lowest rank,

降至最低军衔，

and forfeiture of two-thirds pay for three months.

并没收三个月三分之二的薪水。

If a soldier leaves their post,

如果士兵擅离岗位，

but with the intent to actually abandon their post,

并且实际上有遗弃该岗位的意图，

the soldier could receive a bad conduct discharge,

该士兵可能会被不良品行退伍，

forfeiture of all pay and allowances,

没收所有薪酬和津贴，

reduction to the lowest rank,

降至最低军衔，

and confinement for six months.

并监禁六个月。

If a soldier goes absent for no more than three days,

如果士兵缺勤不超过三天，

they can face the following:

他们可能面临以下情况：

confinement for one month,

监禁一个月，

reduction to lowest rank,

降至最低军衔，

and forfeiture of two-thirds pay for one month.

并没收一个月三分之二的薪水。

Going absent for more than three days,

缺勤超过三天，

but not more than 30 days,

但不超过30天，

can land you in confinement for six months, 習語

可能会让你面临六个月的监禁，

reduction to the lowest rank,

降至最低军衔，

and forfeiture of two-thirds pay for six months.

并没收六个月三分之二的薪水。

If a soldier goes AWOL for more than 30 days,

如果士兵AWOL超过30天，

they can face dishonorable discharge,

他们可能面临不光彩退伍，

forfeiture of all pay and allowances,

没收所有薪酬和津贴，

reduction to the lowest rank,

降至最低军衔，

and confinement for one year.

并监禁一年。

If they are AWOL for more than 30 days and their official AWOL status is terminated by apprehension, 用詞

如果他们AWOL超过30天，并且因被捕而终止了其官方AWOL状态，

meaning the soldier got caught,

也就是该士兵被抓住了，

they face all the same penalties

他们将面临完全相同的处罚

plus confinement for 18 months.

外加18个月的监禁。

If a soldier only goes AWOL to avoid field exercises or maneuvers

如果士兵只是为了逃避野战演习或军事行动而AWOL，

and not to permanently leave the military,

而不是为了永久离开军队，

that soldier can face a bad conduct discharge,

该士兵可能面临不良品行退伍，

forfeiture of all pay and allowances,

没收所有薪酬和津贴，

reduction to the lowest rank,

降至最低军衔，

and confinement for six months.

并监禁六个月。

Once a soldier is AWOL for more than 30 days,

一旦士兵AWOL超过30天，

they can officially be considered a deserter.

他们就可以被正式视为逃兵。

Although there is a prerequisite that they be found as having gone AWOL with no intention of ever returning, 短語搭配

尽管前提条件是他们被认定为擅离职守且无意返回，

desertion is the most serious of offenses

逃兵是所有违规行为中最严重的一种，

and punishments vary on how the soldier was discovered after deserting

惩罚视该士兵逃跑后被发现的方式

and why they deserted.

以及他们逃跑的原因而定。

If a soldier willingly turns themselves in, 短語動詞

如果士兵自愿自首，

they face a dishonorable discharge,

他们将面临不光彩退伍，

reduction to the lowest rank,

降至最低军衔，

forfeiture of all pay and allowances,

没收所有薪酬和津贴，

and confinement for two years.

并监禁两年。

If the soldier's apprehended by law enforcement

如果该士兵被执法部门逮捕

and does not willingly turn themselves in,

且并非自愿自首，

they face the same punishments

他们将面临同样的惩罚，

except a three-year jail sentence instead of two.

只不过刑期从两年变成了三年。

If,

如果，

however,

然而，

a soldier deserted in order to avoid hazardous duty or shirk important service, 用詞

一名士兵为了逃避危险任务或推卸重要勤务而逃跑，

such as a deployment to a combat zone,

例如被部署到战区，

then they face all the previous punishments

那么他们将面临上述所有惩罚

and a jail sentence of five years.

以及五年的监禁。

If,

如果，

however,

然而，

a soldier deserts during a time of war,

一名士兵在战争时期当逃兵，

the military court has the right to sentence the soldier to death 短語搭配

军事法庭有权判处该士兵死刑

or life in prison.

或终身监禁。

Surprisingly, 表達脈絡

令人惊讶的是，

though,

不过，

the US military very rarely ever goes after soldiers who go AWOL or desert 短語動詞

美国军方极少追捕擅离职守或当逃兵的士兵，

and only around 5% of AWOL soldiers or deserters ever face punishment.

而且只有约5%的AWOL士兵或逃兵受到过惩罚。

Typically,

通常情况下，

only those who leave the military and then draw attention to themselves, 短語搭配

只有那些离开军队后又引起公众注意的人，

such as by becoming anti-war protesters,

比如成为反战抗议者，

are caught by law enforcement

才会被执法部门抓获，

with the military generally happy to let a low-morale troop go

而军方通常很乐意让一个士气低落的士兵离开，

and save money by simply training a new one.

并通过直接训练新兵来节省开支。

With such attractive enlistment boons,

有了如此吸引人的入伍福利，

there's little reason for the military to waste time and money 語法

军方几乎没有理由浪费时间和金钱

chasing down a deserter. 短語動詞

去追捕一个逃兵。

A new volunteer is never far away. 習語

新志愿兵随时都会有。

Do you think you would ever desert the military?

你觉得你有可能当逃兵吗？

Why or why not?

为什么会，或为什么不会？

Let us know in the comments

请在评论区告诉我们，

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如果你喜欢这个视频，

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