为什么你出生时没有死 - Smarter Every Day 42：英语精读讲义

Hey, it's me Destin.

嘿，我是 Destin。

Welcome to Smarter Every Day.

欢迎收看《Smarter Every Day》。

So,

所以，

today's episode's a little bit different. 短語搭配

今天的节目有点不同。

I have a question about breathing.

我有一个关于呼吸的问题。

It's pretty simple.

非常简单。

See, our bags are packed and we're about to go to the hospital 語法

你看，我们的行李已经收拾好了，正准备去医院

to have our third child.

迎接我们的第三个孩子。

And my question is this:

我的问题是：

How do you go from this,

怎么能从这样，

my baby,

我的宝宝，

in my baby,

孕育着我的宝宝，

to this?

变成这样？

Now, 72 hours ago, my son was inside my wife,

72小时前，我的儿子还在我妻子的肚子里，

and now he's not.

现在他出来了。

He's no longer in a liquid environment. 短語搭配

他不再处于液体环境中。

He is in a gaseous environment.

他处于气体环境中。

So, something has to change.

所以，肯定有什么改变了。

And in fact, it's awesome. 短語搭配

事实上，这太不可思议了。

To learn more about this, let's go and talk to somebody that's smarter than me.

为了深入了解这一点，我们去请教一下比我聪明的人。

Well, my wife could do it, but she's tired.

虽然我妻子也可以解答，但她太累了。

Goodnight

晚安。

Goodnight

晚安。

All right.

好了。

So, to figure out how babies go from living in a liquid environment 短語動詞

那么，为了弄清楚婴儿是如何从生活在液体环境

to an air environment,

过渡到空气环境的，

we had to come to a smart guy's house.

我们得去一个聪明人的家。

So, we came to a doctor's house.

所以，我们来到了一位医生的家。

Spiral staircase.

螺旋楼梯。

You know he's smart.

一看就知道他很聪明。

So, let's go check him out. 短語動詞

那么，让我们去看看他。

Hey, how's it going? 語氣意圖

嘿，最近好吗？

Hey Destin.

嘿，Destin。

So, this is Dr. Schuster.

这位是 Schuster 医生。

And Dr. Schuster is a baby delivery doctor, 用詞

Schuster 医生是一位产科医生，

we'll call you for the video.

为了拍视频我们就这么叫你吧。

So, he also plays music.

他也玩音乐。

So, that lets you know that he's really, really smart. 短語搭配

这能让你知道他真的非常非常聪明。

So, we're gonna get some info from him.

所以，我们要向他请教一些知识。

Okay, so my question is pretty simple.

好的，我的问题很简单。

How do we go from breathing fluid inside the mother's womb 語法

婴儿是如何从在母亲子宫里呼吸液体

to breathing air?

变成呼吸空气的呢？

As the baby's coming out and gets squeezed as it's coming through the birth canal, 講解

当婴儿出来并在通过产道时受到挤压，

all that fluid that's been in the lungs,

一直存在于肺部的所有液体，

which is the urine from the baby and the poop from the baby,

也就是婴儿的尿液和胎便，

I mean all the bad stuff, 語氣意圖

我是说所有那些脏东西，

once they get squeezed, 語法

一旦受到挤压，

that stuff comes out and that baby takes that very first gasp, 短語搭配

那些东西就会流出来，接着婴儿会吸入第一口气，

that gasp of oxygen.

那口氧气。

The thing that the baby needs that triggers huge changes in the circulation of the baby. 短語搭配

婴儿所需的这口氧气会引发其血液循环的巨大变化。

That's what allows everything to start working. 語法

这就是让一切开始运转的原因。

The baby's breathing on its own then. 短語搭配

然后婴儿就可以自己呼吸了。

So, there's actually like a switch that's flipped or something when the baby breathes for the first time? 習語

所以，当婴儿第一次呼吸时，就像拨动了开关之类的吗？

A couple of valves that change the circulation,

是几个改变血液循环的瓣膜，

change the plumbing, if you will, 講解

可以说改变了管道系统，

in the heart.

在心脏里。

Really?

真的吗？

Mhm.

嗯哼。

So, where are these valves

那么，这些瓣膜在哪里呢？

these valves are actually in the heart?

这些瓣膜真的在心脏里吗？

The top half of the heart.

心脏的上半部分。

Yeah.

是的。

There's something called the foramen ovale, 講解

有一个叫卵圆孔的结构，

which is just a big flap that sits between the right and left atrium.

它就是位于右心房和左心房之间的一块大瓣膜。

It closes once that baby gets that first little bit of oxygen,

一旦婴儿吸入第一口氧气，它就会闭合，

that first breath.

也就是第一口呼吸。

Okay, so that's pretty amazing.

好的，那太神奇了。

So, the first time the baby takes a breath,

那么，婴儿第一次呼吸时，

and that's why that first cry is so special because that's actually the moment where the baby's autonomous. 語法

这就是为什么第一声啼哭如此特别，因为那实际上是婴儿能够独立自主的时刻。

It's all breathing.

完全依靠自己呼吸。

Oh.

哦。

Yeah

是的，

it goes from breathing its own poop to breathing real oxygen,

从吸入自己的胎便变成了呼吸真正的氧气，

the real nutrients that it needs for life.

也就是生命所需的真正养分。

Oh, that's awesome.

哦，那太棒了。

Thank you very much.

非常感谢。

Anytime. 語氣意圖

随时效劳。

Glad to do it.

很高兴能帮忙。

All right, we got our little man.

好了，我们的小男子汉出生了。

Let's check him out.

让我们来看看他。

He's alive and well and his lungs are working and he's breathing air. 短語搭配

他充满生机，状况良好，他的肺部在正常工作，正在呼吸空气。

Uh one thing that happened right when he came out is this right here.

呃，他刚出生时发生的一件事就在这里。

After he started squealing a little bit,

他开始有点尖叫之后，

I could hear that... I could hear that change when he went from fluid to air.

我能听到那个……当他从液体环境转到空气环境时，我能听到那种变化。

The nurse brought him over here and she stuck this tube down his throat 講解

护士把他带到这里，把这根管子插进他的喉咙，

and she started sucking amniotic fluid. 用詞

然后她开始吸羊水。

This little guy started telling us what he thought about everything. 習語

这个小家伙开始告诉我们他对这一切的看法。

So, check him out.

所以，看看他。

Get in there, see his face.

靠近点，看他的脸。

Mhm.

嗯哼。

That's what I'm talking about. 語氣意圖

这正是我要表达的。

Check this out.

看看这个。

It's an ultrasound from 5 months ago when he was still in the womb.

这是5个月前他还在子宫里时的超声波照片。

This is real data.

这可是真实的数据。

If you look close, you can see all four chambers of the heart. 用詞

如果你仔细看，你能看到心脏的全部四个心腔。

If you look even closer, you can see that little thing that Dr. Schuster was talking about. 語法

如果你再看仔细点，你能看到 Schuster 医生所说的那个小东西。

Okay, I didn't understand that,

好吧，我没搞懂那个，

so I had to get my wife to put it on engineering paper 語法

所以我得让我妻子把它画在工程图纸上，

so I could figure it out. 語法

这样我才能弄明白。

So, in your heart, you have four chambers and the blood as it exits the lungs,

所以，在你的心脏里，你有四个心腔，血液离开肺部后，

it goes through the heart and it comes back to your body.

会流经心脏，然后回到你的身体各处。

And after it exits your body,

而在它离开你的身体各处后，

it goes back through the heart and then goes back to the lungs.

它会重新流经心脏，然后再回到肺部。

We all know this.

我们都知道这些。

But here's the deal with the heart before the baby comes out of the womb. 表達脈絡

但是在婴儿出生前，心脏的运作方式是这样的。

You have something here called the foramen ovale,

这里有一个叫做卵圆孔的结构，

and then you have here something called the ductus arteriosus. 用詞

然后这里还有一个叫做动脉导管的东西。

I hear you, buddy.

我听见你了，小家伙。

Hold on. 語氣意圖

等一下。

So, what's going on here is before birth, 表達脈絡

那么，这里发生的情况是，出生前，

the foramen ovale and the ductus arteriosus divert blood from the lungs. 用詞

卵圆孔和动脉导管将血液从肺部分流。

So, what that means is only about 7% of the blood flow goes to the lungs. 表達脈絡

这意味着只有大约7%的血液流入肺部。

Hey, Daddy's here.

嘿，爸爸在这。

Hold on.

等等。

So, basically, before birth,

所以，基本上，在出生前，

the lungs are really, really small.

肺部非常非常小。

They're not inflated because the foramen ovale and the ductus arteriosus,

它们没有膨胀，因为卵圆孔和动脉导管，

which is right here,

也就是这里，

diverts that blood flow.

分流了那些血液。

So, once it flips over,

所以，一旦发生了转换，

the foramen ovale closes in about an hour and the ductus arteriosus goes away and becomes a ligament after about 5 days. 用詞

卵圆孔会在大约一小时内闭合，动脉导管会在大约5天后消失并退化成一条韧带。

I think this is really awesome.

我觉得这真是太神奇了。

You can see that the blood flow goes back to 100% for the lungs.

你可以看到流入肺部的血流恢复到了100%。

And the...

然后...

all right I can get him.

好吧，我来抱他。

You're getting smarter every day.

你每天都在变得越来越聪明。

The nurses are gone.

护士们都走了。

So, I started messing around with their stuff. 短語動詞

所以，我开始摆弄她们的设备。

Whoa.

哇。

Check that out.

看看那个。

All right.

好了。

Now we turn on a super light?

现在我们打开一个超级灯？

And this is this is active tracking. 用詞

这是……这是主动追踪。

Are you asleep?

你睡着了吗？

Not anymore. 語氣意圖

现在没睡了。

Just bear with me. 習語

忍耐一下。

Look at this.

看这个。

I found a magic wand.

我找到了一根魔杖。

What?

什么？

All right, so watch this.

好了，看这个。

So, there's a big light spot.

所以，这里有个大光斑。

And if I hold the magic wand at the light spot

如果我把魔杖停在光斑处，

and I start blinking away, 短語動詞

然后我开始闪动离开，

the lights will follow the magic wand.

灯光就会跟着魔杖移动。

It tracks it.

它在追踪魔杖。

So, it's actively tracking this bulb.

所以，它在主动追踪这个灯泡。