什么是“去增长”？ ⏲️ 6 Minute English：英语精读讲义

Six Minute English

6分钟英语

from bbclearningenglish.com.

来自 bbclearningenglish.com。

Hello and welcome to Six Minute English

大家好，欢迎收听《6分钟英语》，

from BBC Learning English.

节目来自BBC英语教学。

I'm Phil and today we have Hannah joining us

我是 Phil，今天 Hannah 也再次加入了我们，

again from BBC podcast What in the World.

她来自BBC播客《What in the World》。

Welcome, Hannah.

欢迎你，Hannah。

Hey, Phil.

嘿，Phil。

It is so great to be back here.

很高兴又回到这里。

So, I'm wondering, 語氣意圖

所以我在想，

do you do things that you think are good for the planet? 短語搭配

你会做一些你认为对地球有益的事情吗？

Oh, I try,

噢，我尽量做，

but I don't think I do enough. 語氣意圖

但我觉得我做得还不够。

So, maybe I cycle more than I drive 語法

所以，或许我骑车比开车多，

and I try to recycle things,

我也努力回收物品，

but I should be doing a lot more. 語法

但我应该做得更多。

But some people think that to deal with climate change, 短語搭配

不过有些人认为，要应对气候变化，

we can't just rely on individuals. 短語搭配

我们不能仅仅依赖个人。

Phil, it's not up to you and me. 習語

Phil，这不仅仅是你我能决定的。

We need to actually change the way our economy works 短語搭配

我们真的需要改变经济运行的方式，

and this is an idea called degrowth 語法

这个理念被称为“去增长”（degrowth），

and we've been investigating it at What in the World

我们在《What in the World》中一直在调查这个概念，

and we're going to learn a bit more about it today. 表達脈絡

今天我们将对它进行更多的了解。

But first,

但首先，

our quiz question.

我们的测试题。

World leaders promised in 2015

2015年世界各国领导人承诺

to limit global temperature rises, 短語搭配

限制全球气温上升，

but what was the limit they agreed to?

但他们同意的限制值是多少呢？

Was it A, 1.5°C,

是 A，1.5°C，

B, 2.5°C,

B，2.5°C，

or C, 3.5°C?

还是 C，3.5°C？

I think I know this one, Phil.

我觉得我知道这道题，Phil。

I think it's 1.5°C.

我认为是 1.5°C。

Oh, okay.

噢，好的。

We'll find out the answer 短語動詞

我们会在节目后面

later in the program.

揭晓答案。

So, Hannah,

那么，Hannah，

you've been researching degrowth.

你一直在研究“去增长”。

What does that mean?

那是什么意思呢？

Well, Phil,

嗯，Phil，

traditionally governments have always wanted to grow the economy. 短語搭配

传统上，政府总是希望发展经济。

More money, 表達脈絡

更多的钱，

more jobs,

更多的工作机会，

more stuff.

更多的产品。

But degrowth is a different way of thinking about things. 短語搭配

但“去增长”是一种不同的思考方式。

Some people say that to tackle the climate crisis, 短語搭配

有人说，要解决气候危机，

we need to stop our economies from growing. 語法

我们必须停止经济增长。

We need to stop using and making more

我们需要停止过度使用和制造，

and focus on using fewer of the Earth's natural resources. 短語搭配

而是专注于减少对地球自然资源的使用。

The people who support the idea of degrowth

支持“去增长”理念的人

are often called degrowthers. 語法

通常被称为“去增长主义者”（degrowthers）。

Right.

对。

Okay.

好的。

So, degrowthers argue we should make

所以，“去增长主义者”主张我们应该制造

and use less stuff.

并使用更少的东西。

Yes, mostly.

是的，基本上是这样。

It's a little bit more complex than that, 語氣意圖

不过情况比那稍微复杂一点，

and I spoke to BBC journalist Alvaro Alvarez,

我采访了BBC记者 Alvaro Alvarez，

who told me more about the idea.

他向我详细介绍了这个理念。

So, degrowth is not saying that we need to reduce everything. 表達脈絡

所以，“去增长”并不是说我们需要减少一切。

It's saying that we need to decrease

它是说我们需要减少

some elements of our production 用詞

生产中的某些部分，

that are not beneficial. 用詞

那些没有益处的部分。

An example of those elements would be fast fashion, 文化背景

这些部分的一个例子就是快时尚，

um, private jets,

呃，私人飞机，

the beef and meat industry.

以及牛肉和肉类产业。

So, it's not about decreasing everything.

所以，这不是要减少所有的东西。

Alvaro says that degrowthers believe we should reduce

Alvaro 说，去增长主义者认为我们应该减少

some elements of production.

某些生产部分（elements of production）。

An element of something is a part of something. 表達脈絡

某物的 element 指的是它的一部分。

And according to Alvaro, 表達脈絡

而根据 Alvaro 的说法，

these elements of production

生产的这些部分

are not believed to be beneficial. 語法

被认为是没有益处的。

If something's beneficial,

如果某物是 beneficial（有益的），

it's useful or good.

说明它是有用的或好的。

One example of a kind of production

去增长主义者不赞成的一种生产方式

that degrowthers disagree with is fast fashion. 短語搭配

的一个例子就是快时尚。

Fast fashion refers to clothes 短語搭配

快时尚指的是衣服

that are made very cheaply and quickly

制作成本极低且速度极快，

so that customers can afford to buy new outfits more often. 講解

这样顾客就能更频繁地买得起新衣服。

Exactly.

完全正确。

And before we go any further, 表達脈絡

在我们继续深入之前，

many economists do not think that degrowth is a good idea.

许多经济学家并不认为“去增长”是个好主意。

Some of them argue that it would create more poverty

他们中的一些人认为这会导致更多贫困，

and some economists believe degrowth

而有些经济学家相信，“去增长”

would actually make it harder 語法

实际上会让解决气候危机

to solve the climate crisis.

变得更加困难。

For example,

例如，

Professor Sam Fankhauser,

Sam Fankhauser 教授，

an economist at Cambridge University

剑桥大学的经济学家，

in the UK,

在英国，

spoke to you on What in the World

在《What in the World》节目中接受了你的采访，

and he argues that degrowth could limit innovation. 短語搭配

他认为“去增长”可能会限制创新。

I think degrowth,

我觉得“去增长”，

uh, underestimates the power of innovation. 用詞

呃，低估了创新的力量。

Degrowth underestimates the need for investment 短語搭配

“去增长”低估了投资的必要性，

that we need in new technology

那是我们在新技术

and in new, uh, solutions.

和新的、呃，解决方案中所需的。

And degrowth underestimates

而且“去增长”也低估了

the social sort of, uh, feasibility 用詞

那种社会的、呃，可行性，

of what they propose.

关于他们所提议的内容。

So, Professor Fankhauser thinks that degrowth

所以，Fankhauser 教授认为，“去增长”

underestimates many things such as innovation.

低估了许多事情，比如创新。

If you underestimate something,

如果你 underestimate（低估）某事，

you don't understand the true importance or size of it.

说明你不了解它的真正重要性或规模。

Another factor that Professor Fankhauser says is underestimated by degrowthers

Fankhauser 教授说被去增长主义者低估的另一个因素

is the feasibility of social change.

是社会变革的 feasibility（可行性）。

Feasibility means the possibility that something can be achieved. 用詞

Feasibility 指的是某事能够实现的可能性。

It comes from the adjective feasible.

它来源于形容词 feasible（可行的）。

For example, I could say that I think it's feasible 語法

例如，我可以这样说，我觉得它是 feasible（可行的）——

for us to finish this podcast in 6 minutes.

指我们在6分钟内完成这个播客。

I think we can do it.

我想我们能做到。

Well, Phil,

嗯，Phil，

we're going to have to get a move on. 習語

我们得抓紧时间了。

I think it's time to hear the answer to your quiz question. 表達脈絡

我想是时候听听你的测试题答案了。

I asked how much world leaders

我刚才问了世界各国领导人

agreed to limit global temperature rises to. 短語搭配

同意将全球气温上升限制在多少以内。

The answer is 1.5°C,

答案是 1.5°C，

which scientists believe is needed

科学家认为这是防止产生最严重影响

to stop the worst impacts of climate change. 短語搭配

的气候变化所必需的。

I got it right. 短語搭配

我答对了。

Okay,

好了，

so let's recap some of the vocabulary we've learned 表達脈絡

让我们复习一下我们学到的一些词汇，

starting with degrowth, 表達脈絡

从 degrowth（去增长）开始，

which is the economic idea

这是一个经济理念，

that we should use and make less stuff.

认为我们应该使用和制造更少的东西。

An element of something means a part of something.

某物的 element 指的是它的一部分。

Beneficial means useful or good.

Beneficial 意思是有用的或好的。

Fast fashion refers to clothes

Fast fashion（快时尚）指的是衣服

that are made cheaply and quickly

制作成本低廉且快速，

so that people can buy them more often.

这样人们就能更频繁地购买它们。

And if you underestimate something,

如果你 underestimate（低估）某物，

you don't understand the true importance or size of it.

就是你不明白它的真正重要性或规模。

The feasibility of something is the likelihood

某事的 feasibility（可行性）是指

that it can be achieved.

它被实现的可能性。

We can also describe something as feasible 用詞

我们也可以用 feasible（可行的）来形容某事，

or unfeasible.

或者 unfeasible（不可行的）。

We can do it

即我们能做成，

or we can't do it.

或者是我们做不成。

Phil,

Phil，

once again,

又一次，

our 6 minutes are up, 習語

我们的6分钟时间到了，

but there is just a little bit more time

但还有一点点时间

for me to tell you more about my podcast

让我给大家多介绍一下我的播客

What in the World.

《What in the World》。

We have a new episode every single weekday 短語搭配

我们每个工作日都有一期新节目，

and we talk about the news,

我们谈论新闻、

trending topics,

热门话题，

In fact, 表達脈絡

事实上，

it's a great place to come and learn some new vocabulary

这是一个来学习新词汇的好地方，

about things that are happening in the world.

了解世界上正在发生的事情。

Yes,

是的，

if you found this episode interesting, 語法

如果你觉得这期节目很有趣，

try watching What in the World 語法

试着观看《What in the World》

on YouTube with subtitles to practice your English.

在 YouTube 上带着字幕以练习你的英语。

There's a link in the notes for this episode 文化背景

本期节目的说明里有链接，

and don't forget to try the quiz and worksheet at bbclearningenglish.com. 語氣意圖

别忘了在 bbclearningenglish.com 尝试做测试题和工作表。

Phil,

Phil，

thank you so much for having me again on Six Minute English. 語氣意圖

非常感谢你再次邀请我来《6分钟英语》。

Bye for now.

先说到这里啦。

Bye.

再见。

Six Minute English

6分钟英语

from bbclearningenglish.com.

来自 bbclearningenglish.com。