哈莉特·塔布曼惊人的勇气 - 珍妮尔·霍布森：英语精读讲义

Escaping slavery, 表達脈絡

逃离奴役，

risking everything to save her family,

赌上一切去拯救家人，

leading a military raid,

领导军事突袭，

championing the cause of women's suffrage, 文化背景

捍卫女性的选举权，

these are just a handful of the accomplishments 短語搭配

这些仅仅是成就的一小部分，

of one of America's most courageous heroes.

属于美国最勇敢的英雄之一。

Harriet Tubman was born Araminta Ross

哈莉特·塔布曼本名阿拉明塔·罗斯，

in Dorchester County, Maryland

出生于马里兰州多切斯特县，

in the early 1820s.

在19世纪20年代初。

Born into chattel slavery, 文化背景

出生于动产奴隶制家庭，

Araminta or Minty was the fifth of nine children.

阿拉明塔（或称明蒂）是九个孩子中的老五。

Two of Minty's older sisters

明蒂的两个姐姐

were sold to a chain gang. 文化背景

被卖去做了苦役。

Even as a small child,

即使在年幼时，

Minty was hired out to different owners 短語動詞

明蒂也被租给不同的奴隶主，

who subjected her to whippings and punishments. 短語搭配

遭受着鞭打与惩罚。

Young Minty's life changed forever 表達脈絡

小明蒂的生活被永远改变了，

on an errand to a neighborhood store.

在去附近商店跑腿的时候。

There, an overseer threw a 2-lb weight 文化背景

在那里，一名监工扔出一个2磅重的砝码

at a fugitive enslaved person, 用詞

砸向一名逃亡的奴隶，

missed, and struck Minty instead.

却没砸中，反而砸到了明蒂。

Her injury caused her to experience sleeping spells, 語法

她的伤导致她经常陷入昏睡，

which we know of today as narcolepsy, 語法

也就是我们今天所说的嗜睡症，

for the rest of her life.

伴随了她的一生。

Minty's owner tried to sell her,

明蒂的奴隶主试图卖掉她，

but there were no buyers

但是没有人愿意买

for an enslaved person who fell into sleeping spells. 短語搭配

一个经常陷入昏睡的奴隶。

She was instead put to work 短語搭配

于是她被安排去干活，

with her father, Ben Ross,

跟着她的父亲本·罗斯，

who taught her how to lumber. 用詞

他教她如何伐木。

Lumbering increased Minty's physical strength

伐木增强了明蒂的体力，

and put her in touch with free black sailors 講解

也让她接触到了自由黑人水手，

who shipped the wood to the north.

他们负责将木材运往北方。

From them, Minty learned about the secret communications 文化背景

从他们那里，明蒂了解到秘密通讯

that occurred along trade routes,

沿贸易路线发生，

information that would prove invaluable 語法

这一信息将被证明是无价的，

later in her life.

在她后来的生活中。

In this mixed atmosphere

在这种混合的氛围中，

of free and enslaved blacks working side by side, 文化背景

自由黑人和奴隶黑人并肩工作，

Minty met John Tubman,

明蒂遇到了约翰·塔布曼，

a free black man she married in 1844.

一名自由黑人，她在1844年嫁给了他。

After marriage,

婚后，

she renamed herself Harriet after her mother. 短語搭配

她以母亲的名字将自己改名为哈莉特。

Harriet Tubman's owner died in 1849.

哈莉特·塔布曼的奴隶主死于1849年。

When his widow planned to sell off 短語動詞

当他的遗孀计划卖掉

her enslaved human beings,

她手下的奴隶时，

Harriet feared she would be sold away 短語搭配

哈莉特害怕自己会被卖掉，

from everyone she loved.

远离她爱的人。

She had heard of an underground railroad, 文化背景

她听说过地下铁道，

a secret network of safe houses, 表達脈絡

一个由安全屋组成的秘密网络，

boat captains, and wagon drivers

船长和马车夫

willing to harbor fugitive enslaved people 用詞

愿意庇护逃亡的奴隶，

on their way north.

帮助他们前往北方。

So, Tubman fled with two of her brothers,

于是，塔布曼和她的两个兄弟逃跑了，

Ben and Harry.

本和哈利。

They eventually turned back, 短語動詞

他们最终折返了，

fearing they were lost.

害怕自己迷路了。

But in one of her sleeping spells,

但在一次昏睡中，

Harriet dreamed that she could fly like a bird. 習語

哈莉特梦见自己能像鸟一样飞翔。

Looking down below,

俯视下方，

she saw the path to liberation. 習語

她看到了通往解放的道路。

And in the autumn of 1849,

1849年秋天，

she set out on her own, 短語動詞

她独自出发，

following the North Star to Pennsylvania 文化背景

循着北极星前往宾夕法尼亚州

and to freedom.

和自由之地。

Tubman returned to the South 13 times

塔布曼13次回南方，

to free her niece, brothers,

为了解救她的侄女、兄弟、

parents, and many others.

父母和许多其他人。

She earned the nickname Black Moses 文化背景

她赢得了“黑人摩西”的绰号，

and worked diligently with fellow abolitionists 文化背景

并与废奴主义同仁勤勉合作，

to help enslaved people escape,

帮助奴隶逃跑，

first to the north and later to Canada.

先是去北方，后来去加拿大。

Harriet Tubman worked as a Union Army nurse, 文化背景

哈莉特·塔布曼曾担任联邦军护士、

scout, and spy during the Civil War.

侦察员，并在内战期间担任间谍。

In 1863, she became the first woman 語法

1863年，她成为第一位女性

in United States history

在美国历史上

to plan and lead a military raid,

策划并领导军事突袭的人，

liberating nearly 700 enslaved persons 語法

解放了近700名奴隶，

in South Carolina.

在南卡罗来纳州。

After the war, the 13th Amendment 文化背景

战后，第13修正案

to the United States Constitution

对美国宪法的修改

legally abolished slavery,

在法律上废除了奴隶制，

while the 14th expanded citizenship

第14修正案扩大了公民权，

and the 15th gave voting rights

第15修正案赋予了选举权

to formerly enslaved black men.

给曾经被奴役的黑人男性。

But she was undaunted 表達脈絡

但她毫不畏惧，

and she persisted.

并坚持了下来。

She raised funds for formerly enslaved persons 短語搭配

她为曾经的奴隶筹集资金，

and helped build schools and a hospital

帮助建立学校和一家医院，

on their behalf. 短語搭配

为他们谋取利益。

In 1888, Tubman became more active

1888年，塔布曼变得更加活跃，

in the fight for women's right to vote. 短語搭配

在争取妇女投票权的斗争中。

In 1896, she appeared at the founding convention

1896年，她出席了成立大会，

of the National Association of Colored Women 文化背景

全国有色人种妇女协会的，

in Washington, DC

在华盛顿特区，

and later at a woman’s suffrage meeting

后来在一次妇女选举权会议上，

in Rochester, New York.

在纽约罗切斯特。

There she told the audience,

在那里她告诉听众，

"I was a conductor on the Underground Railroad 習語

"我是地下铁道的乘务员，

and I can say what many others cannot. 語法

我说得出许多其他人无法说出的话。

I never ran my train off the track 習語

我从未让我的列车脱轨，

and I never lost a passenger."

也从未丢失过一名乘客。"

As her fame grew, 語法

随着她名气越来越大，

various friends and allies helped her

各种各样的朋友和盟友帮助她，

in the fight to collect a veteran's pension 文化背景

争取老兵的养老金，

for her service in the Union Army.

以表彰她在联邦军中的服役。

In 1899, she was finally granted $20 a month. 用詞

1899年，她终于每月获得了20美元。

In a fitting twist of fate, 習語

命运奇妙的转折是，

the United States Treasury announced in 2016 文化背景

美国财政部在2016年宣布，

that Tubman's image will appear

塔布曼的头像将出现

on a redesigned $20 bill.

在重新设计的20美元钞票上。

Harriet Tubman died on March 10th, 1913.

哈莉特·塔布曼于1913年3月10日去世。

Even on her deathbed at age 91, 短語搭配

即使91岁临终前，

she kept the freedom of her people in mind. 短語搭配

她依然挂念着她的人民的自由。

Her final words were,

她的遗言是，

"I go away to prepare a place for you." 文化背景

"我先走一步，去为你们准备一个地方。"

If you're inspired by Harriet Tubman's life and work,

如果你受到哈莉特·塔布曼一生和工作的启发，

we highly recommend the Pulitzer Prize-winning novel, 講解

我们强烈推荐荣获普利策奖的小说，

The Underground Railroad.

《地下铁道》。

This wildly inventive and courageous book

这本极具创造力且充满勇气的书

follows protagonist Cora 用詞

讲述了主人公科拉

through the trials and horrors 短語搭配

历经考验和恐怖

of escaping slavery in the South.

逃离南方奴役的故事。

You can download an audio version of the book

你可以下载这本书的音频版本，

for free at audible.com/ted-ed.

在 audible.com/teded 免费下载。

Every free trial created encourages Audible

每个免费试用都会鼓励 Audible

to continue supporting TED-Ed's nonprofit

继续支持 TED-Ed 的非营利

mission.

使命。