普通美国人 vs 普通墨西哥人 - 人群对比：英语精读讲义

The nearly 2,000 mi United States border with Mexico

美国与墨西哥之间将近2000英里的边界

is the most frequently crossed border in the world.

是世界上跨越最频繁的边界。

According to the BBC,

根据BBC的报道，

the border between Tijuana and San Diego is the busiest land border crossing anywhere.

蒂华纳和圣地亚哥之间的边界是全世界最繁忙的陆地过境点。

You might think this close proximity and the fact that people are continually moving between the countries 表達脈絡

你可能认为，这种近距离以及人们在两国间不断流动的事实

should mean the two nations have a lot in common, 短語搭配

应该意味着这两个国家有很多共同点，

but that's not exactly the case.

但事实并非完全如此。

The US probably has more in common with the UK,

美国可能与英国有更多共同点，

a country that lies over 4,000 mi across the ocean.

那个隔着大洋远在4000英里之外的国家。

Mexico's many indigenous civilizations were colonized by the Spanish in the 16th century,

墨西哥的许多土著文明在16世纪被西班牙人殖民，

while the USA was a colony of Great Britain.

而美国曾是大英帝国的殖民地。

This made all the difference, 習語

这造就了所有的不同，

and today we will discuss these many differences in this episode of The Infographics Show,

今天我们将在这期《信息图表秀》节目中讨论这些差异，

The Average American versus The Average Mexican.

普通美国人对阵普通墨西哥人。

Don't forget to subscribe and click the bell button

别忘了订阅并点击小铃铛图标，

so that you can be part of our notifications squad.

这样你就能成为我们通知小队的一员。

First of all, let's have a quick look at the two countries our citizens call home. 表達脈絡

首先，让我们快速了解一下两国公民的家园。

The USA is the third, some sources say fourth,

美国是世界上第三大（也有消息称是第四大）国家，

largest country in the world with a land mass of 3,796,742 sq mi.

陆地面积为3,796,742平方英里。

Today, it has a population of 325,365,189 people,

如今，它的人口为325,365,189，

making it the third most populated country on the planet. 語法

使其成为地球上人口第三多的国家。

Mexico has a land mass of 761,610 sq mi,

墨西哥的陆地面积为761,610平方英里，

making it the 13th largest country in the world.

使其成为世界第13大国家。

The population is 129,669,477 people,

人口为129,669,477，

making it the 10th most populated country in the world.

使其成为世界第10大人口大国。

So, who are these people?

那么，这些人都是谁呢？

The USA is said to be 72.4% white. 語法

据说美国白人占72.4%。

Other sources have put this estimate as high as 77%.

其他消息来源将这一估计提高至77%。

What we do know is that most of these white Americans identify as having ancestry 短語搭配

我们确切知道的是，大多数这些美国白人都认为自己的祖先

from England, Scotland, Ireland, Germany,

来自英格兰、苏格兰、爱尔兰、德国、

France, Italy, Poland, and the Netherlands

法国、意大利、波兰和荷兰，

among many other European countries.

以及许多其他欧洲国家。

The US Census Bureau states that the next largest ethnic group is Hispanic or Latino

美国人口普查局称，第二大族裔是西班牙裔或拉丁裔，

at around 17.6% of the population,

约占人口的17.6%，

followed by black, 13.3%, 語法

其次是黑人，13.3%，

Asian, 5.6%, and Native American, 1.2%.

亚裔，5.6%，以及美国原住民，1.2%。

Multiracial, meaning people that identify as having mixed ancestry,

多种族，即认为自己具有混合血统的人，

is around 2.6%.

约占2.6%。

US Census Bureau data also stated in 2016 that 5.6 million Mexican nationals

美国人口普查局的数据还指出，2016年有560万墨西哥国民

were residing in the US without authorization. 用詞

未经授权居住在美国。

As for Mexico, the largest ethnic group there identify as mestizo.

至于墨西哥，最大的族群自认为是梅斯蒂索人。

Mestizo is a group, around 62% of the country, 文化背景

梅斯蒂索人占该国人口的大约62%，

that are of mixed ethnicity between the indigenous people of a country and the Europeans.

他们是该国土著人与欧洲人混合血统的群体。

The next largest group at 27% of the population are Amerindians,

第二大群体占人口的27%，是美洲印第安人，

which can draw comparisons to Native American Indians. 短語搭配

可以将其与美洲原住民印第安人作比较。

Think of the Mayas from the Yucatan or Chiapas

想想尤卡坦或恰帕斯的玛雅人，

or the Nahuas, descendants of the Aztecs.

或者是阿兹特克人的后裔纳瓦人。

White or European Mexicans make up 9% of the population, 短語動詞

白人或欧洲裔墨西哥人占人口的9%，

while black Mexicans and Arab Mexicans are thought to make up about 1% each of the population.

而黑人墨西哥人和阿拉伯裔墨西哥人估计各占总人口的大约1%。

With mixed ethnicity comes mixed religions, 語法

混合的种族带来了混合的宗教，

and the USA has quite a few on the go. 習語

美国的宗教种类相当繁多。

Nonetheless, the USA is said to be the world's biggest Christian population,

尽管如此，美国被认为是世界上基督教人口最多的国家，

many of whom are still quite devout compared to their European counterparts.

与欧洲同胞相比，他们中的许多人仍然相当虔诚。

More than 70% of Americans say they are Christian,

超过70%的美国人说自己是基督徒，

and the next largest group at around 23% aren't really anything at all.

而第二大群体约占23%，他们其实什么都不信。

Much smaller groups of people are Muslim, Jewish, Hindu, and Buddhist.

更小部分的人群是穆斯林、犹太教徒、印度教徒和佛教徒。

Mexico is quite similar in this respect, with 93% of the population identifying as Christian. 短語搭配

墨西哥在这方面非常相似，93%的人口认为自己是基督徒。

The only difference is that 82.7% say they are Catholic,

唯一的区别是，82.7%的人说自己是天主教徒，

while other Christian denominations make up around 12%.

而其他基督教教派约占12%。

It's thought that only 20.8% of Americans are Catholics.

据认为，只有20.8%的美国人是天主教徒。

About 4.7% of Mexicans have taken the don't believe or don't know what to think route, 習語

大约4.7%的墨西哥人选择了不相信或不知道该想什么的路线，

while Judaism, Islam, Buddhism, and native religions make up a very small percentage.

而犹太教、伊斯兰教、佛教和本土宗教占据的比例非常小。

Mexicans predominantly speak Spanish, but some people are bilingual or even trilingual,

墨西哥人主要说西班牙语，但有些人是双语甚至三语者，

speaking also English and or a native language.

他们也会说英语和/或一种本土语言。

The vast majority of Americans are English speakers,

绝大多数美国人说英语，

although almost 40 million people say their mother tongue is Spanish. 短語搭配

尽管有近4000万人说他们的母语是西班牙语。

Smaller groups state that they are Chinese, French, Tagalog,

较小的群体表示他们分别讲中文、法语、他加禄语、

Vietnamese, Korean, and German speakers

越南语、韩语和德语，

in that order in terms of numbers. 短語搭配

这是按人数排列的顺序。

What about the demographics of these people?

这些人的人口统计数据是怎样的呢？

Well, the median age in the USA is currently 37.8 years old.

那么，美国目前的年龄中位数是37.8岁。

Life expectancy in the US is currently 79.8 for both sexes,

美国目前的男女预期寿命为79.8岁，

which is the 42nd highest in the world.

居世界第42位。

The highest is Monaco at the ripe old age of 89.5. 習語

最高的是摩纳哥，高达89.5岁高龄。

Average life expectancy in Mexico is 75.9,

墨西哥的平均预期寿命是75.9岁，

the 93rd highest in the world.

居世界第93位。

The median age in Mexico is 27.9 years old.

墨西哥的年龄中位数为27.9岁。

As for what we look like, the average American man is 5 ft 9 or 9 and 1/2 in.

至于外貌，普通美国男性的身高是5英尺9英寸或9.5英寸。

He weighs 195.5 lb according to the Center for Disease Control.

根据美国疾病控制中心的数据，他的体重为195.5磅。

The average American woman, according to the same source, is 5 ft 4 in,

根据同一数据源，普通美国女性身高5英尺4英寸，

and she weighs on average 168.5 lb.

平均体重为168.5磅。

The average Mexican man stands at 5 ft 5 and 1/2 in

普通墨西哥男性身高5英尺5.5英寸，

and weighs around 165 lb.

体重约165磅。

We must point out here that sources are all over the place on this average. 習語

我们必须指出，各个信息来源对这一平均值的说法大相径庭。

The average Mexican woman stands at around 5 ft 2 in

普通墨西哥女性身高约5英尺2英寸，

and weighs 151 lb.

体重151磅。

Both countries are considered fat.

这两个国家都被认为比较肥胖。

According to the World Health Organization in 2017, 33% of American adults were obese,

根据世界卫生组织2017年的数据，33%的美国成年人肥胖，

and in Mexico, 32.1% of adults were obese.

而在墨西哥，32.1%的成年人肥胖。

It seems one thing these nations have in common is a love of overeating.

看来这些国家的一个共同点就是爱吃得过多。

As for how we live, we know that the USA is a far richer country,

至于生活方式，我们知道美国是一个富裕得多的国家，

and we know from all our other shows on the topic that the USA has the most billionaires in the world.

而且我们从该主题的其他节目中知道，美国拥有世界上最多的亿万富翁。

But what about the average Joe? 習語

但普通人呢？

The median annual individual income in the US

美国的个人年度收入中位数，

with both men and women taken into account for a 40-hour work week 語法

综合男女在每周40小时工作制下的情况，

is $44,148 per year,

每年为44,148美元，

according to a 2017 Bureau of Labor Statistics report.

根据2017年美国劳工统计局的报告。

Mexico's median income was closer to $12,000 per year.

墨西哥的收入中位数接近每年12,000美元。

Mexico may have 15 billionaires, some sources say 16,

墨西哥可能有15位亿万富翁，也有说16位的，

but the country has widespread poverty.

但该国普遍存在贫困。

A 2015 report stated that 20% of Mexicans are worth no more than $80

2015年的一份报告指出，20%的墨西哥人身家不超过80美元，

with half of the population living in poverty.

有一半的人口生活在贫困中。

That 20%, it was reported, don't have the money to eat three meals a day.

据报道，那20%的人没有钱保证每天吃三顿饭。

The same report stated that from 34 member countries of the Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development,

同一份报告指出，在经济合作与发展组织的34个成员国中，

the gap between wages and hours worked is larger in Mexico than in any other member country.

墨西哥工资与工作时间之间的差距大于任何其他成员国。

To rub salt in the wounds, according to OECD, 習語

雪上加霜的是，根据经合组织的数据，

that year Mexicans worked on average 2,327 hours,

那年墨西哥人平均工作了2327小时，

while Americans worked 1,796 hours.

而美国人则工作了1796小时。

The United States is seen as a very hardworking country

美国也被认为是一个非常勤劳的国家，

too in terms of hours worked and holidays taken.

在工作时间的长短和休假的多少方面也是如此。

According to the Center for Poverty Research in 2015,

根据贫困研究中心2015年的数据，

the official poverty rate in the US was 13.5%.

美国的官方贫困率为13.5%。

Financially, Mexicans seem to have it much harder, 習語

经济上，墨西哥人似乎要艰难得多，

but what about happiness levels?

但是幸福水平如何呢？

According to the World Happiness Index in 2016,

根据2016年世界幸福指数，

which takes into account money, work, lifestyle, safety, freedom, etc., 短語動詞

该指数考虑了金钱、工作、生活方式、安全、自由等因素，

Denmark is the place to be. 習語

丹麦是最佳去处。

The USA came 13th on the list, 用詞

美国在榜单上排名第13位，

and Mexico came 21st on the list.

墨西哥在榜单上排名第21位。

That isn't bad considering that Mexico ranked higher than the UK.

考虑到墨西哥的排名高于英国，这还不算差。

In 2017, though, Mexico and the UK basically changed places, 短語搭配

然而，在2017年，墨西哥和英国基本上互换了位置，

and United States dropped one place.

美国则下降了一位。

In spite of low wages in some parts of Mexico being notoriously dangerous,

尽管墨西哥部分地区的低工资情况出了名的危险，

it does seem that subjective well-being is pretty good.

主观幸福感似乎确实很好。

And that's what counts, right? 習語

而那才是最重要的，对吧？

In fact, in 2014, a Pew Research study found that Mexicans were the happiest people of the 43 participating countries,

事实上，在2014年，皮尤研究中心的一项研究发现，在43个参与国中，墨西哥人是最幸福的，

which included Germany, France, South Korea, Japan, the US, and the UK.

参与国包括德国、法国、韩国、日本、美国和英国。

One Mexican news media outlet wrote a story with the headline,

墨西哥的一家新闻媒体在报道中使用了这样的标题：

"Mexicans: fat and happy, hardworking."

“墨西哥人：肥胖、幸福、勤劳。”

People have actually addressed this phenomenon and said one factor is that Mexicans have much stronger family ties, 表達脈絡

人们实际上探讨过这种现象，并指出一个因素是墨西哥人的家庭关系更为紧密，

but also live a more active public life.

同时也有着更活跃的公共生活。

While we hear a lot of negative news about Mexico, 表達脈絡

虽然我们听到许多关于墨西哥的负面新闻，

we don't generally hear about the warm climate, community spirit, rich history, beautiful beaches,

我们通常听不到温暖的气候、社区精神、丰富的历史、美丽的沙滩，

the streets often full of music and celebration,

街道上经常充满了音乐与庆祝，

the general daily joie de vivre. 文化背景

以及日常生活中普遍存在的生活乐趣。

Speaking of living the good life, 表達脈絡

说到享受美好生活，

be sure to check out and subscribe to our new YouTube channel called Fuzzy and Nuts.

一定要查看并订阅我们名为Fuzzy and Nuts的新YouTube频道。

This week, Fuzzy wins the lottery, and as you might expect,

本周，Fuzzy彩票中奖了，正如你可能预料的那样，

his arch nemesis Nuts laughs and looks on as chaos ensues. 短語動詞

他的宿敌Nuts在一旁嘲笑，看着混乱的发生。

Give it a watch and learn a thing or two, 習語

去看看并学上一两招吧，

'cause we think you're going to love the show just as much as we love making it. 講解

因为我们认为你一定会像我们喜欢制作这部剧一样喜欢它。

See you next time.

下次见。