这会欺骗你的大脑吗？(色彩测试)：英语精读讲义

Humans can discern between 2.3 million colors,

人类能够分辨约230万种颜色，

but try staring at this picture of us bursting through the periodic table 語法

但请试着盯着这张我们冲破元素周期表的图片，

and focus on the green dot as we invert the colors.

在我们反转颜色时，把注意力集中在绿色圆点上。

Don't stop staring there until I say. 語法

在我说可以之前，视线不要移开。

The light is traveling as a wave to your eye

光以波的形式传播到你的眼睛，

and the frequency of these wavelengths determines the perceived color 用詞

而这些光波的频率决定了你感知到的颜色，

of everything in this picture and around you.

包括这张图片中以及你周围一切事物的颜色。

Humans have trichromatic vision, 用詞

人类拥有三色视觉，

meaning we have three cone cells in our retinas,

也就是说，我们的视网膜中有三种视锥细胞，

each which are sensitive to different wavelengths of light, 語法

每一种都对不同波长的光敏感，

blue, green, or red.

对应蓝光、绿光或红光。

Keep looking at the green dot and your brain will do something pretty neat. 用詞

继续盯着绿色圆点，你的大脑接下来会做一件很神奇的事。

Did the image just change back to the original color? 短語動詞

图片刚才是不是变回了原来的颜色？

Even though you were staring at a black and white image, 語法

尽管你刚刚盯着的是一张黑白图片，

your brain perceived it to be in color. 語法

你的大脑却把它感知成了彩色。

This phenomenon is known as after imaging. 講解

这种现象被称为“后像”。

After staring long enough at the brightly colored image, 語法

当你盯着那张色彩鲜艳的图片足够久之后，

your cones slowly become fatigued

你的视锥细胞会逐渐疲劳，

and the supply of photopigment in the respective cones becomes exhausted,

相应视锥细胞中的感光色素也会耗尽，

which ultimately stops sending signals to the brain.

最终不再向大脑发送信号。

In the case of this illusion,

在这个错觉中，

the part of the photo where you see cyan,

当你看到图片中的青色区域时，

the green and blue cones become tired

绿色和蓝色视锥细胞会变得疲劳，

and as a result there is increased activity in the unfatigued red cones. 表達脈絡

结果，尚未疲劳的红色视锥细胞活动会增强。

So, when the image switched to black and white,

所以，当图片切换成黑白时，

we see red, cyan's complementary color. 用詞

我们看到的会是红色，也就是青色的互补色。

Growing up, you likely learned about the primary colors red, yellow and blue, 語法

在成长过程中，你可能学过红、黄、蓝三原色，

and their respective complementary colors.

以及它们各自的互补色。

But things are more complicated when you consider that the primary colors in your printer 表達脈絡

但如果你考虑到打印机使用的三原色

are magenta, yellow, and cyan,

是品红、黄色和青色，

or that the screen you're watching this on uses red, green, and blue. 語法

而你正在观看视频的屏幕用的却是红、绿、蓝，事情就复杂多了。

These are different color models where RGB is additive, 文化背景

这些属于不同的色彩模型，其中 RGB 是加色模型，

meaning the mixing of different lights of color create new colors, 語法

也就是说，不同颜色的光混合后会产生新的颜色，

while the other two are subtractive models

而另外两种则是减色模型，

and absorb different wavelengths of light.

会吸收不同波长的光。

For example, when you hold a yellow object in real life,

例如，当你在现实中拿着一个黄色物体时，

it's actually absorbing every wavelength except yellow. 語法

它其实会吸收除黄光以外的所有波长。

That yellow light bounces back and hits your eyes. 短語動詞

黄光会反射回来，进入你的眼睛。

But when you look at this yellow object through your screen right now,

但当你此刻通过屏幕看这个黄色物体时，

it's actually not yellow at all 短語搭配

它其实根本不是黄色的，

because your screen can only use red, green, and blue colors.

因为你的屏幕只能使用红、绿、蓝三种颜色。

If you were to zoom in physically on anything yellow, 語法

如果你实际放大屏幕上的任何黄色区域，

it would actually be a combination of red and green.

就会发现它其实是红色和绿色的组合。

And because the wavelength of yellow is between red and green,

因为黄色的波长介于红色和绿色之间，

our brain interprets this mix as yellow. 短語搭配

我们的大脑便会把这种组合解读为黄色。

So, what you're seeing here is in fact not yellow at all,

所以，你在这里看到的其实根本不是黄色，

but it's stimulating a mix of your red and green cones,

而是同时刺激了你的红色和绿色视锥细胞，

which your brain interprets as yellow.

大脑于是将其解读为黄色。

While plants come in a range of colors,

虽然植物有各种各样的颜色，

the predominant color is green due to chlorophyll,

但由于叶绿素的存在，绿色仍是最主要的颜色。

the energy-absorbing pigment found in plants critical for photosynthesis. 用詞

叶绿素是植物中吸收能量的色素，对光合作用至关重要。

So, to effectively attract pollinators such as bees, insects and birds,

因此，为了有效吸引蜜蜂、昆虫和鸟类等传粉者，

flowers have evolved to stand out against green. 短語動詞

花朵经过进化，能够在绿色背景中格外醒目。

It's why you don't see many green flowers.

这就是绿色花朵并不多见的原因。

And flowering plants have even evolved a suite of different colors 用詞

开花植物甚至进化出了各种不同的颜色，

to attract specific pollinators,

用来吸引特定的传粉者，

known as pollinator syndrome. 文化背景

这种现象被称为“传粉综合征”。

Bird-pollinated flowers are mostly red,

由鸟类传粉的花大多是红色的，

potentially to discourage visits from bees,

可能是为了避免招来蜜蜂，

as their visual system is different than birds, 語法

因为蜜蜂的视觉系统与鸟类不同，

making it hard for them to discriminate between red and green. 講解

很难区分红色和绿色。

Similarly, we all have our own favorite colors,

同样，我们每个人都有自己最喜欢的颜色，

but why?

但这是为什么呢？

One theory suggests that color preference is gendered, 講解

有一种理论认为，颜色偏好会因性别而异：

where given the choice between cyan and red, 短語搭配

当要在青色和红色之间做选择时，

men prefer cyan colors and women prefer redder colors.

男性更偏爱青色，女性则更偏爱偏红的颜色。

Researchers hypothesize this preference has evolved from our hunter-gatherer societies, 文化背景

研究人员推测，这种偏好是在狩猎采集社会中演化出来的，

where women's visual systems were specialized to see ripe red berries against green foliage.

当时女性的视觉系统逐渐适应了从绿色叶丛中发现成熟的红色浆果。

Another theory suggests that we like hues that we associate with pleasant things. 短語搭配

另一种理论认为，我们喜欢那些会让我们联想到美好事物的色调。

However, pleasant and unpleasant things are often the same color.

然而，令人愉快和令人不快的事物往往有着相同的颜色。

We love blue Slurpee, but not blue mold. 講解

我们喜欢蓝色的思乐冰，却不喜欢蓝色的霉菌。

Investigating these questions of color had us thinking about links between science and art. 語法

对这些颜色问题的探索，让我们开始思考科学与艺术之间的联系。

So, in our latest AsapTHOUGHT we asked both artists and scientists about how they view the world. 習語

因此，在最新一期的 AsapTHOUGHT 中，我们请艺术家和科学家谈了谈他们如何看待这个世界。

Check it out with the link in the description and subscribe for more weekly science videos.

点击简介中的链接观看，并订阅我们的频道，每周收看更多科学视频。