糖上瘾 ⏲️ 6分钟英语：英语精读讲义

6 Minute English from bbclearningenglish.com.

来自 bbclearningenglish.com 的 6 Minute English。

Hello, this is 6 Minute English from BBC Learning English.

大家好，这里是 BBC 英语教学的 6 Minute English。

I'm Neil.

我是 Neil。

And I'm Georgie.

我是 Georgie。

Would you like a cup of tea, Neil? 語氣意圖

你想来杯茶吗，Neil？

Oh, yes, thanks, Georgie.

哦，好的，谢谢，Georgie。

Uh with milk and three sugars, please.

呃，请加牛奶和三块糖。

Three sugars?

三块糖？

Wow, you really have a sweet tooth. 習語

哇，你真是爱吃甜食（have a sweet tooth）。

You like eating sweet things.

你喜欢吃甜的东西。

Aren't you worried about your weight? 語氣意圖

你不担心你的体重吗？

Mm, yes, but I can't say no to sugar. 短語搭配

嗯，是的，但我对糖毫无抵抗力。

Just as our addiction to oil is causing a climate emergency, 語法

就像我们对石油的瘾正在引发气候紧急情况一样，

our addiction to sugar is causing a health emergency for our bodies. 用詞

我们对糖的瘾也在引发我们身体的健康危机。

Sugar gives us an instant hit at the chemical hormone dopamine, 用詞

糖会让我们瞬间获得化学激素多巴胺的刺激，

making us feel good, but in the long run causing obesity, 講解

让我们感觉良好，但从长远来看会导致肥胖、

tooth decay, and diseases like diabetes.

蛀牙以及糖尿病等疾病。

But how did our addiction to the sweet stuff begin? 用詞

但是，我们对这种甜食的瘾是如何开始的呢？

That's what we'll be discussing in this program, 表達脈絡

这就是我们将在本期节目中讨论的内容，

and as usual, we'll be learning some useful new vocabulary as well.

和往常一样，我们还会学习一些有用的新词汇。

Anyway, here's your tea, Neil.

不管怎样，你的茶来了，Neil。

I just put one sugar.

我只放了一块糖。

Mm, thanks, Georgie.

嗯，谢谢，Georgie。

I'll give it a try. 短語搭配

我来尝尝。

Now, before we go on, 表達脈絡

现在，在我们继续之前，

I have a question for you.

我有一个问题要问你。

Sugarcane, which grows naturally in Asia, Africa, and the Americas, 語法

甘蔗自然生长在亚洲、非洲和美洲，

first came to England in the 11th century.

在 11 世纪首次来到英国。

Back then, it was an expensive luxury item, 表達脈絡

在当时，它是一件昂贵的奢侈品，

affordable only to kings, queens, and the very rich. 語法

只有国王、王后和极度富有的人才买得起。

So, which English monarch loved eating sugar so much 語法

那么，哪位英国君主因为太爱吃糖，

their teeth turned black?

以至于他们的牙齿变黑了？

Was it A, King Henry VIII,

是 A，国王亨利八世，

B, Queen Elizabeth I,

B，女王伊丽莎白一世，

or C, Mary Queen of Scots?

还是 C，苏格兰玛丽女王？

I know Henry VIII was very unhealthy,

我知道亨利八世很不健康，

so I'll guess it's him.

所以我猜是他。

Okay, Georgie.

好的，Georgie。

We'll find out the answer later in the program. 短語動詞

我们稍后会在节目中揭晓答案。

Just now, I compared sugar to oil 短語搭配

刚才，我把糖比作石油，

as the world's most important commodity.

称其为世界上最重要的商品（commodity）。

A commodity is a product or natural resource 用詞

商品（commodity）是指一种产品或自然资源，

that can be traded, bought, and sold. 語法

可以被交易、买卖。

Today, economies, governments, and wars are based on controlling oil, 短語搭配

今天，经济、政府和战争都建立在控制石油的基础上，

but in earlier centuries, the same was true of sugar. 表達脈絡

但在早期的几个世纪里，糖也是如此。

For 400 years, sugar, along with coffee and tobacco, 短語搭配

四百年来，糖与咖啡和烟草一起，

was grown in slavery plantations and shipped across the Atlantic Ocean to Europe. 講解

在奴隶种植园里种植，并跨越大西洋运往欧洲。

By the time slavery was ended in 1834, 語法

到 1834 年奴隶制结束时，

the demand for sugar in Europe and the United States

欧洲和美国对糖的需求

was at a record high. 短語搭配

达到了历史最高水平。

Here's Professor of International History Ulbe Bosma 表達脈絡

下面是国际历史学教授 Ulbe Bosma

explaining more to BBC Radio 4 program Thinking Allowed.

在 BBC 第四电台的 Thinking Allowed 节目中进行详细解释。

Sugar was already an extremely important commodity

糖已经是一种极其重要的商品，

in the 16th and 17th, and 18th century.

在 16、17 和 18 世纪。

And in the 19th century,

而在 19 世纪，

we see a staggering growth of sugar consumption 講解

我们看到糖的消费量出现了惊人的（staggering）增长，

in Europe and the United States.

在欧洲和美国都是如此。

And with that, um, sugar became the fuel for human bodies, 講解

随之而来的是，嗯，糖成为了人类身体的燃料，

whereas oil became the fuel for vehicles 語法

而石油成为了交通工具的燃料，

in the 20th century.

在 20 世纪。

Professor Bosma talks about the staggering growth in the popularity of sugar.

Bosma 教授谈到了糖的受欢迎程度出现了惊人的增长。

The adjective staggering means shocking or surprising.

形容词 staggering 意味着令人震惊或惊讶的。

Just like oil became the fuel for machine engines, 語法

就像石油成了机器发动机的燃料一样，

sugar became the fuel for the human body.

糖成了人类身体的燃料（fuel）。

Fuel is a substance that is burned to provide heat or power.

燃料（fuel）是一种被燃烧以提供热量或动力的物质。

Trading companies had become rich selling sugar grown using slave labor. 講解

贸易公司通过出售使用奴隶劳动种植的糖而致富。

When people began to realize the health problems of sugar in the 20th century,

当人们在 20 世纪开始意识到糖带来的健康问题时，

these companies needed new ways to sell their product 語法

这些公司需要新的方法来销售他们的产品，

and began using sugar in food, which had previously contained none. 語法

并开始在以前不含糖的食物中使用糖。

Food like bread, cereal, and yogurt.

比如面包、麦片和酸奶等食物。

Here's Professor Bosma again,

这里又是 Bosma 教授，

taking up the story for BBC Radio 4's Thinking Allowed. 短語動詞

在 BBC 第四电台的 Thinking Allowed 节目中继续讲述。

You can flood the market with a certain commodity, 習語

你可以向市场大量倾销（flood the market）某种商品，

with sugar in this case, 表達脈絡

在这个例子中是糖，

but that still does not mean that people will consume it. 語法

但这仍然并不意味着人们就会消费它。

So, the eating habits of people had to change.

所以，人们的饮食习惯必须改变。

People until the early 19th century,

直到 19 世纪初，人们

they had a few spoons of sugar per week, 短語搭配

每周只吃几勺糖，

but not a kilo which people consume today

而不是今天人们所消费的一公斤，

in many countries in the world.

在世界许多国家都是这样。

Sugar companies flooded the market with their commodity.

糖业公司用他们的商品大量充斥市场。

If you flood the market,

如果你 flood the market，

you make a lot of your product available for sale, 語法

你就是提供大量的产品供销售，

often at a low price. 短語搭配

通常价格很低。

But just because something is cheap and easily available, 講解

但仅仅因为某种东西便宜且容易买到，

doesn't mean people will eat it.

并不意味着人们就会吃它。

So, sugar companies tried to increase sugar consumption

所以，糖业公司试图增加糖的消费量，

by changing people's eating habits, 講解

通过改变人们的饮食习惯（eating habits），

the way a group of people eat.

即一群人进食的方式。

For example, which types of food they eat,

例如，他们吃哪种类型的食物，

how much of it, and how often.

吃多少，以及多久吃一次。

Instead of one or two spoons of sugar per week, 語法

人们不再是每周吃一两勺糖，

people started eating kilos,

而是开始按公斤吃，

with results we see around us every day. 表達脈絡

其结果我们每天都在周围看到。

Worldwide, obesity and heart disease have tripled in the last 50 years. 語法

在世界范围内，肥胖症和心脏病在过去 50 年里增加了两倍。

What's more, because sugary food is cheaper, 表達脈絡

更重要的是，因为含糖食物更便宜，

it's often the poorest in society who are worst affected. 講解

通常是社会中最贫穷的人受到的影响最严重。

Hmm, maybe it's time to try having your tea without any sugar, eh, Neil? 語氣意圖

嗯，也许是时候试着喝不加任何糖的茶了，嗯，Neil？

And to reveal the answer to your question, 表達脈絡

现在来揭晓你那个问题的答案吧，

which English monarch's famous love of sugar turned their teeth black,

哪位英国君主出了名地爱吃糖以至于牙齿变黑了，

I guessed it was the notorious overeater, Henry VIII. 用詞

我猜是那个臭名昭著的暴食者，亨利八世。

Which was the wrong answer, I'm afraid, Georgie. 語氣意圖

恐怕答错了，Georgie。

In fact, during the years before toothpaste and dentists, 講解

事实上，在没有牙膏和牙医的年代，

those black stumpy teeth belonged to Queen Elizabeth I. 用詞

那些黑色的小短牙属于女王伊丽莎白一世。

Okay, let's recap the vocabulary we've learned from this program about sugar, 表達脈絡

好的，让我们回顾一下在这个关于糖的节目中学到的词汇，

starting with a sweet tooth, 表達脈絡

首先是 sweet tooth，

a fondness for eating sweet, sugary food and drinks. 短語搭配

对吃甜食、含糖食物和饮料的偏爱。

A commodity is a product or natural resource

商品（commodity）是指一种产品或自然资源，

that can be traded, bought, and sold.

可以被交易、买卖。

Fuel is a substance such as oil or coal

燃料（fuel）是指诸如石油或煤炭之类的物质，

that is burned to provide heat or power.

被燃烧以提供热量或动力。

The adjective staggering means very shocking and surprising.

形容词 staggering 意思是极其令人震惊和惊讶的。

If a company floods the market,

如果一家公司 floods the market，

they release a lot of a particular product for sale,

他们就会投放某种特定的大量产品进行销售，

often at a low price.

通常价格很低。

And finally,

最后，

eating habits describe the way a particular group of people eat.

饮食习惯（eating habits）描述了一个特定群体的进食方式。

For example, which types of food they eat,

例如，他们吃什么类型的食物，

how much, and how often.

吃多少，以及多久吃一次。

Once again, our 6 minutes are up. 習語

我们的 6 分钟又到了。

Join us again soon for more trending topics 用詞

请尽快再次加入我们，了解更多热门话题，

and useful vocabulary here at 6 Minute English.

并在 6 Minute English 学习更多有用的词汇。

Goodbye for now. Bye.

暂且说再见。拜拜。

6 Minute English from bbclearningenglish.com.

来自 bbclearningenglish.com 的 6 Minute English。