少吃盐，更健康 ⏲️ 6分钟英语：英语精读讲义

6 Minute English from bbclearningenglish.com.

来自 bbclearningenglish.com 的 6 Minute English。

Hello, this is 6 Minute English from BBC Learning English.

大家好，这里是 BBC Learning English 的 6 Minute English。

I'm Neil.

我是 Neil。

And I'm Georgie.

我是 Georgie。

Do you know the five tastes which give food its flavor, 語法

你知道赋予食物风味的五种味道吗，

Neil?

Neil？

There's sweet.

有甜味。

Yes,

是的，

and uh sour,

还有，呃，酸味，

bitter and salty.

苦味和咸味。

Everyone knows that salt makes food taste better 語法

大家都知道盐能让食物尝起来更美味

by enhancing the flavors of the ingredients. 語法

通过提升食材的风味来实现。

There's even a phrase you'll see in many recipes,

甚至在许多食谱中你会看到这样一句话，

add a pinch of salt. 短語搭配

加入一小撮盐。

But exactly how much salt makes 語法

但是到底多少盐才算是

a pinch of salt?

一小撮盐呢？

The World Health Organization or WHO 文化背景

世界卫生组织（WHO）

recommends a daily salt intake of less than 5 g, 用詞

建议每天的盐摄入量应少于 5 克，

about the same as a teaspoon. 短語搭配

大约相当于一茶匙的量。

In fact,

事实上，

the human body needs salt,

人体是需要盐的，

at least 1 g a day to survive, 短語搭配

每天至少需要 1 克才能生存，

but most of us eat far too much, 短語搭配

但我们大多数人吃得太多了，

increasing the risk of high blood pressure and heart disease. 講解

这增加了患高血压和心脏病的风险。

In this program, 表達脈絡

在本期节目中，

we'll be asking how much salt is too much.

我们将探讨吃多少盐才算过量。

And as usual,

像往常一样，

we'll be learning some useful new vocabulary as well.

我们还会学习一些有用的新词汇。

Great.

太棒了。

But first,

但首先，

I have a question for you, Neil.

我有一个问题要问你，Neil。

The reason it's difficult to know how much salt you consume 語法

我们很难知道自己到底摄入了多少盐的原因

is that it's hidden in food,

是因为它隐藏在食物中，

especially processed food. 用詞

尤其是加工食品中。

So which of the following everyday foods do you think contains most salt? 語氣意圖

那么你认为以下哪种日常食物含盐量最高？

Is it A, meat, B, bread, or C, pasta?

是 A、肉类，B、面包，还是 C、意大利面？

Well,

嗯，

I'm going to guess that meat is the saltiest of those foods. 講解

我猜肉类是这些食物中最咸的。

Okay, Neil.

好的，Neil。

I'll reveal the answer later in the program. 表達脈絡

我将在节目稍后揭晓答案。

Marian Sumbiva lives in Astana,

Marian Sumbiva 住在阿斯塔纳，

the capital of Kazakhstan,

也就是哈萨克斯坦的首都，

a country where people eat on average 17 g of salt a day. 短語搭配

在这个国家，人们平均每天摄入 17 克盐。

That's more than three times the amount recommended by the WHO. 語法

这超过了世卫组织推荐量的三倍。

Here, Marian explains some of the reasons behind this 短語搭配

在此，Marian 解释了这背后的部分原因

to BBC World Service program,

在 BBC 世界服务节目

The Food Chain.

《食物链》中。

We consume lots of salt,

我们消耗大量的盐，

which is due to historical heritage, 短語搭配

这是由于历史遗留问题，

because when we were nomads, 文化背景

因为当我们还是游牧民族时，

for centuries and centuries, 短語搭配

几个世纪以来，

we traveled and wandered across the steppes 文化背景

我们在草原上旅行和游荡

and here we had to carry lots of meat,

在这里我们必须携带大量的肉，

which could be preserved only adding salt. 用詞

而要保存这些肉只能加盐。

And even the milk products,

甚至牛奶制品，

the dairy products are also very much salty 用詞

那些乳制品也是非常咸的

for the same reasons.

出于同样的原因。

Besides improving its flavor, 語法

除了能改善风味，

salt can be used to preserve food 語法

盐还可以用来保存食物

to stop it from going bad. 短語搭配

防止食物变质。

Traditionally, people in Kazakhstan were nomads.

传统上，哈萨克斯坦人是游牧民族。

They traveled from place to place 短語搭配

他们从一个地方迁徙到另一个地方

with their animals rather than living in one place all the time. 語法

和他们的动物一起，而不是一直定居在一处。

Treating food with salt gave them enough to eat 語法

用盐处理食物让他们有足够的食物

during the long winter months.

来度过漫长的冬季。

They even did it with dairy products,

他们甚至对乳制品也这么做，

foods which are made from milk, 短語搭配

也就是那些由牛奶制成的食物，

such as cheese and butter. 短語搭配

比如奶酪和黄油。

So, salt has a long and useful history.

所以，盐有着悠久而实用的历史。

But there's a big difference between traditional Kazakh nomads 語法

但是在传统的哈萨克游牧生活

and the health problems associated with modern processed food. 短語搭配

与现代加工食品相关的健康问题之间，有着巨大的区别。

When we eat too much salt, 語法

当我们吃太多盐时，

the body dilutes it by retaining water. 語法

身体会通过保留水分来稀释它。

And as a result, 表達脈絡

结果就是，

the heart works harder to pump liquid around the body. 語法

心脏需要更努力地工作来将液体泵送到全身。

This causes high blood pressure,

这会导致高血压，

which over time, can lead to heart disease. 短語搭配

随着时间的推移，可能会引发心脏病。

Globally, governments are fighting this health risk in different ways. 習語

在全球范围内，各国政府正在以不同的方式应对这一健康风险。

The Australian government reduced its recommended salt intake to 6 g a day,

澳大利亚政府将推荐的每日盐摄入量降低到了 6 克，

while the British government has passed laws forcing food companies 講解

而英国政府则通过了法律，强制食品公司

to reduce the amount of salt they use

减少他们使用的盐量

and now recommends just 5 g of salt per day.

并且现在建议每天仅摄入 5 克盐。

Claire Collins is professor of nutrition at the University of Newcastle in Australia.

Claire Collins 是澳大利亚纽卡斯尔大学的营养学教授。

Here, she explains more about these salt recommendations

在此，她详细解释了这些关于盐的建议

to BBC World Service program,

在 BBC 世界服务节目

The Food Chain.

《食物链》中。

I think you just got to take a step back 講解

我觉得你只需要退后一步

and look at the bigger picture. 習語

着眼于大局。

Like arguing whether it should be 5 g or 6 g, 語法

比如，比起争论应该是 5 克还是 6 克，

the issue is that around the world, 表達脈絡

真正的问题是，在世界各地，

salt intakes are very high,

盐的摄入量都非常高，

contributing to blood high blood pressure,

导致了高血压，

contributing to premature strokes, 講解

导致了过早的中风，

premature mortality,

以及过早的死亡，

and we need to address it 用詞

我们需要解决这个问题

in a way that's culturally appropriate for each country. 短語搭配

以一种在文化上适合每个国家的方式。

Instead of arguing over grams of salt, 語法

Collins 教授认为，与其争论盐的克数，

Professor Collins thinks we should take a step back

我们不如退后一步（take a step back）

and look at the bigger picture.

着眼于大局（look at the bigger picture）。

She uses two idioms:

她使用了两个习语：

take a step back,

take a step back（退后一步），

which means to temporarily withdraw from a situation

意思是暂时从某种情况中抽身

in order to think about it more calmly, 語法

以便更冷静地思考，

and look at the bigger picture,

以及 look at the bigger picture（着眼大局），

to consider the overall meaning of something,

意思是考虑某件事的整体意义，

not just the details. 表達脈絡

而不仅仅是细节。

Yes, the problem remains that overconsumption of salt is causing premature health problems, 講解

是的，问题仍然在于，过量摄入盐正在导致过早的健康问题，

problems which are happening sooner than they should. 語法

这些问题比正常情况发生得更早。

By limiting salt and processed food, 語法

通过限制盐和加工食品，

most people can enjoy long healthy lives. 短語搭配

大多数人都能享受健康长寿的生活。

And if you don't like your food unsalted, 語氣意圖

如果你不喜欢食物不加盐，

try adding herbs and spices instead.

可以尝试加入香草和香料来代替。

Well, speaking of salty foods, 表達脈絡

好了，说到咸味食物，

I think it's time to reveal the answer to my question, 表達脈絡

我觉得是时候揭晓我的问题答案了，

Neil.

Neil。

If you remember, I asked you which everyday food contains most salt.

如果你还记得，我问你哪种日常食物含盐量最高。

And I guessed it was meat.

我猜是肉类。

Which was the correct answer.

这是正确的答案。

Meat contains the highest amount of salt,

肉类含有最高量的盐，

around 19%, followed by bread with 14% and pasta with 7%. 語法

大约是 19%，其次是面包（14%）和意大利面（7%）。

Okay, let's recap the vocabulary we've learned in this program, 表達脈絡

好了，让我们复习一下我们在本期节目中学到的词汇，

starting with the verb to preserve food,

从动词 preserve food（保存食物）开始，

meaning to do something to stop it rotting,

意思是做一些事情来防止食物腐烂，

so it can be eaten later.

以便以后可以食用。

Nomads are people who travel from one place to another,

Nomads（游牧民族）是指从一个地方迁徙到另一个地方的人，

often with animal livestock,

通常带着牲畜，

rather than living in one place all the time.

而不是一直住在一个地方。

Dairy products are foods such as cheese and butter,

Dairy products（乳制品）是指像奶酪和黄油这样的食物，

which are made from milk.

它们是由牛奶制成的。

If you take a step back,

如果你 take a step back（退后一步），

you temporarily remove yourself from a situation in order to reevaluate it.

你就是暂时从某个情况中抽身，以便重新评估它。

The idiom to look at the bigger picture

习语 look at the bigger picture（着眼大局）

means to consider the overall meaning of something rather than the specific details.

意思是考虑某件事的整体意义，而不是具体细节。

And finally, the adjective premature describes something which happens too soon

最后，形容词 premature（过早的）描述的是发生得太快的事情

or before the proper time.

或者在适当的时间之前发生的事情。

Once again, our 6 minutes are up. 短語搭配

我们的 6 分钟又到了。

Goodbye for now.

暂时说再见了。

Bye.

再见。

6 Minute English from bbclearningenglish.com.

来自 bbclearningenglish.com 的 6 Minute English。