这么多就能要你的命 第二期：英语精读讲义

We all like to spice up our meals, 短語動詞

我们都喜欢给饭菜添点滋味，

but did you know that 129 teaspoons of pepper all at once could kill you? 講解

但你知道吗？一次吃下129茶匙胡椒就可能致命。

Perhaps more concerning is that eating as little as a few teaspoons of nutmeg can induce convulsions, 講解

或许更令人担忧的是，仅仅吃几茶匙肉豆蔻就可能引发抽搐，

palpitations, nausea, and possibly death.

心悸、恶心，甚至死亡。

Of course, sugar has also been linked to a myriad of diseases, 短語搭配

当然，糖也被认为与多种疾病有关，

but for a 150 lb person,

但对于一个体重150磅的人来说，

10.5 cups of sugar at once is deadly.

一次吃下10.5杯糖就足以致命。

With that much sugar,

吃下这么多糖，

you might also develop some serious cavities,

你的牙齿还可能蛀得很严重，

but don't go eating toothpaste. 語法

但可别因此去吃牙膏。

Fluoride is very safe in small doses and can help fight cavities, 短語搭配

少量的氟化物非常安全，也有助于预防蛀牙，

but ingesting around 24 tubes with 170 ml or 6 oz each could be fatal.

但如果吞下约24管牙膏，每管170毫升（6盎司），就可能致命。

If you're trying to avoid wrinkles,

如果你想避免长皱纹，

just know that 68 ng of Botox is lethal.

要知道，68纳克的Botox就足以致命。

It does stand for botulinum toxin after all. 講解

毕竟，Botox本来就是“肉毒杆菌毒素”的简称。

Of course, injections use a tiny fraction of that amount,

当然，注射时使用的剂量只是它的一小部分，

which prevents nerves from firing, 語法

它会阻止神经发出信号，

essentially paralyzing muscles.

从而使肌肉基本陷入麻痹状态。

And while you've always been told to eat your fruits and veggies,

虽然大家总是告诉你要多吃水果和蔬菜，

enough oranges and you'd be overdosing on vitamin C. 語法

但橙子吃得够多，维生素C也会过量。

Granted, you'd need to eat about 11,000 at once to reach this dosage. 表達脈絡

不过，要达到这个剂量，你得一次吃下大约11,000个橙子。

809 vitamin supplements would do the same.

吃809片维生素补充剂也会有同样的结果。

If healthy food makes you run the other way, 講解

如果健康食品让你避之不及，

don't go too fast.

逃跑时也别太快。

Though our bodies can handle amazingly fast speeds,

虽然我们的身体能承受快得惊人的速度，

we're not so great at acceleration.

却不太能承受加速度。

The Earth is flying around the Sun at around 1,600 km/h

地球正以大约每小时1,600公里的速度绕太阳飞行，

and it doesn't faze you. 用詞

而你对此毫无感觉。

But if it started accelerating to a faster speed,

但如果它开始加速到更高的速度，

we'd all feel the jolt.

我们都会感受到那股冲击。

14 Gs of lateral acceleration

横向加速度达到14G时，

and your organs would start to tear loose from one another.

你的器官就会开始彼此撕裂分离。

Running fast will also warm you up,

跑得快也会让身体升温，

but when internal temperatures exceed 40 degrees Celsius,

但当体内温度超过40摄氏度时，

heatstroke will kick in and could potentially lead to death. 短語動詞

你就会中暑，甚至可能因此死亡。

Sweating can help cool you down,

出汗能帮助身体降温，

but with any extreme heat, dehydration sets in, 短語動詞

但只要遭遇极端高温，脱水就会随之而来，

causing decreased blood flow to vital organs like the kidneys and the brain. 語法

导致流向肾脏和大脑等重要器官的血液减少。

As a result, they begin to shut off, 表達脈絡

于是，这些器官会开始停止运作，

while the intestines break down and release harmful bacteria into your bloodstream. 短語動詞

同时肠道会受损，并把有害细菌释放到血液中。

Of course, cool your internal temperature down too much

当然，如果体内温度降得太低，

below 21 degrees Celsius

低于21摄氏度，

and your body enters a lethal phase of hypothermia,

身体就会进入致命的低体温状态，

which causes veins to constrict and blood flow to decrease, 語法

这会使静脉收缩、血流量减少，

focusing warmth on internal organs until they begin to fail too.

让热量集中在内部器官，直到它们也开始衰竭。

If you're trying to see those internal organs,

如果你想看看这些内部器官，

try to avoid getting 7,143 abdominal X-rays back to back, 講解

可别接连做7,143次腹部X光检查，

which is enough cumulative radiation to kill you. 用詞

因为累积的辐射量足以致命。

This ionizing radiation has enough energy to rip electrons from atoms.

这种电离辐射的能量足以将电子从原子中剥离。

5 grays of radiation is enough to kill 50% of the population, 文化背景

5戈瑞的辐射量足以杀死50%的人，

which a nuclear blast could administer.

而一次核爆炸就可能让人受到这样的辐射剂量。

If you're hiding from a nuclear blast,

如果你正躲避核爆炸，

be careful of eating too many green potatoes in your bunker.

要小心，别在掩体里吃太多发绿的土豆。

The green color that forms on the skin is actually chlorophyll,

土豆表皮出现的绿色其实是叶绿素，

which isn't toxic, 表達脈絡

它本身没有毒，

but indicates the presence of the toxin solanine,

但这表示其中含有龙葵碱这种毒素，

which is a defense mechanism against pests. 短語搭配

这是土豆用来对抗害虫的防御机制。

You might get sick from eating one,

吃一个或许只会让你身体不适，

but eat around 25 of these medium-sized green potatoes

但如果吃下大约25个这种中等大小的发绿土豆，

and your life could be on the line. 習語

你的性命就可能岌岌可危。

What's good for our own survival in small doses 語法

有些物质小剂量时有益于我们的生存，

can sometimes be lethal, like potassium.

但有时也可能致命，比如钾。

Potassium ions are essential for nerve impulses and muscle contractions,

钾离子对神经冲动和肌肉收缩至关重要，

but potassium chloride is also used for lethal injections. 文化背景

但氯化钾也被用于注射死刑。

You'd need to eat about 480 bananas to reach this lethal amount,

你得吃大约480根香蕉，才会摄入这样的致死量，

but your stomach might burst before you reach that.

但在那之前，你的胃可能就已经撑破了。

Just remember,

只要记住，

the dose is the poison. 習語

剂量决定毒性。

If you want more examples of weird things that could kill you,

如果你还想了解更多可能致命的奇怪事物，

check out part one of this video.

可以看看这个视频的第一部分。

You can also watch our latest video when scientists go to music festivals

你也可以观看我们的最新视频，看看科学家去音乐节时会发生什么，

if you're looking for a good laugh and some facts and stats

如果你想找点乐子，再学些事实和统计数据，

to impress your music-loving friends.

好让爱音乐的朋友对你刮目相看。

And subscribe for more weekly science videos every Thursday.

记得订阅我们，每周四观看更多科学视频。