割包皮 vs 不割包皮——哪个更好？：英语精读讲义

This episode is supported by Hims.

本期视频由 Hims 赞助。

Circumcision of the male penis has been practiced for thousands of years, 語法

男性包皮环切的做法已有数千年历史，

often related to cultural and religious traditions.

通常与文化和宗教传统有关。

But whether you're cut or uncut, 語法

不过，不论你割过还是没割过包皮，

is one better in terms of health,

哪一种对健康更有利，

how it feels,

感觉更好，

or sex?

或是性体验更佳呢？

Circumcision is a medical procedure that removes the foreskin from the head of the penis,

包皮环切术是一种切除阴茎头部包皮的医疗手术，

exposing the glans. 語法

从而使龟头外露。

Though its exact origin and intent is still debated,

尽管它的确切起源和目的仍有争议，

by the time it became common in the English-speaking world the 19th century,

但到19世纪它在英语世界普及之时，

it was actually used in order to reduce sexual pleasure

这种手术其实被用来降低性快感，

and as a deterrent to masturbation, 用詞

并被当作遏制自慰的手段，

which was believed to cause many mental and physical illnesses. 語法

因为当时人们认为自慰会导致许多身心疾病。

But the medical benefits of circumcision came into question in the late 1960s 短語搭配

不过，到了20世纪60年代末，包皮环切术的医学益处开始受到质疑，

when the research community came out against it, 短語動詞

当时科研界公开表示反对，

claiming that there was no clear medical benefit

称它并没有明确的医学益处，

and the risk for severe blood loss,

而且出现严重失血、

infection,

感染，

or death was high.

甚至死亡的风险很高。

This resulted in a decline in circumcised men. 短語搭配

这导致接受包皮环切术的男性比例下降。

In the US,

在美国，

circumcision rates in hospitals dropped from 64.5% in 1979 語法

医院实施包皮环切术的比例从1979年的64.5%

to 58.3% in 2010.

降至2010年的58.3%。

But worldwide,

但在全球范围内，

only around 33% of males are estimated to be circumcised. 語法

据估计，只有约33%的男性割过包皮。

However,

然而，

even more modern research has shown that it can reduce the risk of developing penile cancer 短語搭配

更近期的研究表明，它可以降低罹患阴茎癌

and infections such as syphilis,

以及感染梅毒、

gonorrhea,

淋病

and herpes.

和疱疹的风险。

It can also reduce HIV risk by up to 60%. 語法

它还可将感染 HIV 的风险最多降低60%。

A study done in Uganda involving heterosexual couples 語法

在乌干达开展的一项异性伴侣研究中，

where one partner was HIV positive

其中一方为 HIV 阳性，

showed that none of the circumcised men received HIV over the 30 months

结果显示，在30个月内，割过包皮的男性没有一人感染 HIV，

while 40 out of 137 men that were not circumcised

而137名未割包皮的男性中有40人

ended up developing HIV. 短語動詞

最终感染了 HIV。

This evidence holds true across sub-Saharan Africa, 習語

这类证据在整个撒哈拉以南非洲地区都得到了印证，

but is not as clear in developed nations

但在发达国家，证据并没有这么明确，

or between homosexual men where more studies are needed.

男同性恋者之间同样如此，仍需开展更多研究。

For women,

对女性来说，

a circumcised sexual partner may have a reduced risk of HPV,

如果性伴侣割过包皮，她们感染 HPV 的风险可能会降低，

thereby reducing their risk of developing cervical cancer. 表達脈絡

从而降低罹患宫颈癌的风险。

So,

那么，

how does circumcision protect against STIs?

包皮环切术是如何预防性传播感染的呢？

A study completed by Dr. Price and his team at Northern Arizona University

Price 博士与他在北亚利桑那大学的团队完成的一项研究

showed that 1 year after adult circumcision,

显示，成人接受包皮环切术一年后，

the males ended up with 81% less bacteria on and around their penis.

这些男性阴茎表面及周围的细菌数量减少了81%。

Dr. Price explained that with uncircumcised men,

Price 博士解释说，对于未割包皮的男性，

the foreskin may be susceptible to infection 短語搭配

包皮可能更容易受到感染，

because the bacteria overload could prevent specialized skin cells known as Langerhans cells 語法

因为细菌过多，可能会使一种名为朗格汉斯细胞的特殊皮肤细胞无法

from stimulating the immune system.

激活免疫系统。

However,

不过，

with good hygiene,

只要保持良好的卫生习惯，

these risks can be minimized.

就能把这些风险降到最低。

The benefits of circumcision begin to decrease when you study sexual pleasure.

但一旦把性快感纳入考量，包皮环切术的优势就开始打折扣。

Research indicates that the removal of the foreskin reduces sensitivity of the penis. 表達脈絡

研究表明，切除包皮会降低阴茎的敏感度。

The foreskin is innervated with specialized nerves that can detect light touch like the nerves found on our fingertips and lips.

包皮上分布着特殊神经，能像指尖和嘴唇上的神经一样感知轻微触碰。

The most sensitive part of the penis is found between the transition region

阴茎最敏感的部位位于一个过渡区域，

between the external and internal part of the foreskin,

也就是包皮外层与内层之间，

which is the region exposed when the foreskin rolls back during sexual activity. 短語動詞

性行为时包皮向后翻，这一区域就会露出来。

Studies have shown that even the most sensitive part of a circumcised penis

研究显示，即便是割过包皮的阴茎上最敏感的部位，

is not as sensitive as the foreskin. 語法

也不如包皮敏感。

But this reduced sensitivity due to circumcision

不过，包皮环切术造成的敏感度降低

could allow men to last longer during sex. 語法

或许能让男性在性生活中更持久。

One study documented 47 men who experienced premature ejaculation.

一项研究记录了47名有早泄问题的男性。

When studying before versus after circumcision,

对比他们接受包皮环切术前后的情况后，

it was found that the time of ejaculation 語法

研究发现，他们达到射精所需的时间

increased almost tenfold once they were circumcised 短語搭配

在割包皮后延长到原来的近十倍，

and partner satisfaction increased as well.

伴侣的满意度也随之提升。

When it comes to visual preference for circumcised or uncircumcised penises, 短語搭配

至于从外观上更喜欢割过还是没割过包皮的阴茎，

it's mostly based on experiences and biases.

主要取决于个人经历和偏见。

The Canadian Pediatric Association claims that

加拿大儿科协会表示，

because of the low risk of infection in North America,

鉴于北美的感染风险较低，

mandatory circumcision is not warranted. 用詞

没有必要强制实施包皮环切术。

However,

不过，

in parts of the world where STIs are rampant, 用詞

在性传播感染肆虐的地区，

the benefits of circumcision could outweigh the risk. 習語

包皮环切术的益处可能会大于风险。

At the end of the day, 習語

归根结底，

if you live in a developed nation and are hygienic,

如果你生活在发达国家，并保持良好的卫生习惯，

there isn't that big of a difference between the two. 用詞

两者其实没有太大区别。

A huge thank you to Hims for sponsoring this episode.

非常感谢 Hims 赞助本期视频。

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Hims 是一家专为男性打造的新公司，

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旨在提供值得信赖的优质医疗建议和治疗方案，

for issues that can sometimes feel scary or embarrassing to approach.

帮助解决那些有时让人害怕面对或难以启齿的问题。

Whether it's hair loss or skin issues or erectile dysfunction,

无论是脱发、皮肤问题，还是勃起功能障碍，

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要开始正视并处理这些问题都可能很难。

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Hims 通过执业医生和医疗级产品，为你提供解决方案。

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我们经常在朋友身上看到这种情况：

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他们可能想为脱发之类的问题去看医生，

but they're too nervous to. 語法

却因为太紧张而不敢去。

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so you can take your health into your own hands. 習語

这样你就能把健康掌握在自己手中。

Again,

再次，

thank you to Hims.

感谢 Hims。

We think it's really cool that they want to support a video about men's health.

我们觉得，他们愿意支持一部关于男性健康的视频，真的很棒。

So,

所以，

make sure you're subscribed

请务必订阅我们的频道，

and we'll see you next Thursday for a new science video.

下周四再见，我们会带来一部全新的科学视频。

Peace.

拜拜。