冰冷的硬核科学：慢镜头下的击射物理学 - 每天聪明一点点 112：英语精读讲义

Hey, it's me Destin and welcome back to Smarter Every Day.

大家好，我是 Destin，欢迎回到 Smarter Every Day。

So, it might surprise you to know that we have hockey at the university that I went to. 表達脈絡

你们可能会惊讶地发现，我上过的大学里竟然有冰球队。

Anyway, today we're going to talk about the physics of a slap shot.

总之，今天我们要探讨的是击射的物理学。

Get smarter every day.

每天变聪明一点点。

No way, you're missing a tooth? 語氣意圖

不会吧，你少了一颗牙？

That's so stereotypical hockey player.

真是太典型的冰球运动员了。

Can I see it?

我能看看吗？

When did you get your tooth knocked out? 語法

你的牙是什么时候被打掉的？

3 years ago.

3年前。

3 what?

3什么？

3 and 1/2 years ago.

3年半前。

That's awesome, dude.

太酷了，哥们。

Is it like a rite of passage that you have to lose a tooth in order to play hockey? 講解

打冰球掉牙是一种必须经历的成人礼吗？

No, I mean uh Just the good players?

不，我的意思是……只有好球员才这样？

Just the good ones.

只有好球员才这样。

All right, so here's what we're going to do today. 表達脈絡

好了，这就是我们今天要做的。

We're going to do hit the puck

我们准备去击打冰球，

and record it with a Phantom, which I have set up over there. 講解

并且用我架设在那边的 Phantom 摄像机记录下来。

And then we're going to see exactly what's happening.

然后我们要看看究竟发生了什么。

I've heard that you don't actually hit the puck first, 語氣意圖

我听说你其实并不是先击打冰球的，

but I want to look at the dynamics of how that happens.

但我想看看这是如何发生的动态过程。

But first, let's look at your stick here.

但首先，让我们看看你的球杆。

What kind of stick is that?

那是什么球杆？

Is it a wooden stick?

是木制的吗？

No, it's a one piece composite.

不，是一体成型的复合材料球杆。

Mine's an 85 flex.

我的硬度是 85。

I like mine a little whippier. 用詞

我喜欢稍微更有弹性的。

Whippier is 85

更有弹性的硬度是 85。

I love that word.

我喜欢这个词。

Yeah, well Can you say that as much as possible during this video?

是的，那你在这个视频里能尽可能多说这个词吗？

Yeah, I can say it.

行，我可以多说。

It's a little more whip uh to it.

它的弹性稍微大一点。

You can get a stiffer one for the bigger guys.

体型更大的球员可以用更硬的。

I don't understand how you can hit that hard.

我不明白你怎么能打得那么用力。

That's crazy.

太疯狂了。

I respect goalies a lot more now.

我现在更加尊敬守门员了。

Okay, let's get the Phantom.

好了，我们去拿 Phantom 摄像机。

Whoa, I've fallen!

哇，我摔倒了！

All right, bring it. 語氣意圖

好的，拿过来。

Okay, so we got the close-up shot. 用詞

好了，我们拍到了特写镜头。

Now what we're going to do is we're going to transition to a wide shot.

现在我们要切换到全景镜头。

We're going to keep the Phantom at 3200 frames per second, 用詞

我们将把 Phantom 设置为每秒 3200 帧，

but the goal here, the data we're looking for,

但我们这里的目标，我们要找的数据，

is we're going to try to preload that stick 用詞

是尝试让球杆预先受力，

and get the entire flex or the deformation of the stick

并获取球杆在变形时的完整弯曲程度，

while he goes in for the slap shot.

当他进行击射的时候。

The slap shot is the fastest shot in hockey.

击射是冰球中最快的射门方式。

So, what's the advantage of having a flexible stick?

那么，使用有弹性的球杆有什么优势呢？

Let's check out the high speed. 短語動詞

让我们看看高速镜头。

The player stores potential energy in the stick by striking the ice before he hits the puck. 講解

球员在击中冰球之前，先通过击打冰面在球杆中储存势能。

Now, this seems like it would waste energy and slow down his shot, 語法

这看起来似乎会浪费能量并减慢射门速度，

but it actually does the opposite. 短語搭配

但实际上恰恰相反。

By gradually releasing that potential energy stored up in the stick like a slingshot, 短語動詞

就像弹弓一样，通过逐渐释放储存在球杆中的势能，

the player can make the puck go even faster than he can swing the stick. 語法

球员能使冰球的速度比他挥杆的速度还要快。

Look at the over-flex here as the stick outruns the player's hands. 習語

看看这里的过度弯曲，球杆的速度超过了球员的手速。

This means that a good slap shot is all about timing. 短語搭配

这意味着一次好的击射关键在于时机。

And not just the timing about where you're going to hit the ice, 語法

不仅仅是击打冰面位置的时机，

but also knowing how long it takes that stored up energy to whip out of your stick.

还要知道那些储存的能量需要多长时间才能从球杆中释放出来。

So, to understand the flexibility of a hockey stick,

所以，为了理解冰球杆的弹性，

we're here with my friend Dr. Jeff Evans.

我们请来了我的朋友 Dr. Jeff Evans。

We are friends, correct?

我们是朋友，对吧？

Can I say that?

我能这么说吗？

We are friends.

我们是朋友。

We are friends.

我们是朋友。

I once tried to convince him to shoot a coyote in his pasture cuz I thought no,

我曾经试图说服他在牧场里开枪打一只郊狼，因为我以为那是……不对，

it wasn't a coyote.

它不是郊狼。

We thought it was a coyote.

我们以为它是郊狼。

He thought it was a coyote, but it was a donkey.

他以为它是郊狼，但那是头驴。

It was a donkey.

是一头驴。

You break things, right?

你们的工作就是破坏东西，对吧？

We do.

没错。

We break things by pushing, pulling, twisting, fatigue. 用詞

我们通过推、拉、扭转、疲劳来破坏东西。

We wear them out. 短語動詞

我们把它们磨损。

We break them.

我们把它们弄断。

Okay, some bonus footage.

好了，一些彩蛋花絮。

We're going to crush a hockey puck here.

我们要在这里压碎一个冰球。

Check it out.

看看这个。

80,000 lb on a hockey puck.

80,000 磅的力压在一个冰球上。

One interesting thing I discovered while doing this 表達脈絡

在做这件事时，我发现了一件有趣的事，

is hockey players often have no idea what the flex number on their stick means. 語法

冰球运动员通常根本不知道球杆上的硬度数值意味着什么。

If you uh support a stick on both sides here and you hang weights right in the center,

如果你在这里支撑球杆的两端，并在正中间挂上重物，

that flex number that's on every single hockey stick 用詞

每根冰球杆上的那个硬度数值

is an indication for how much weight it takes to deflect a hockey stick 1 in.

指的是使冰球杆弯曲 1 英寸需要多少磅的重量。

The problem is, often manufacturers don't do it correctly,

问题是，制造商通常标得不准确，

so we have all these sticks from different manufacturers and

所以我们找来了不同制造商生产的球杆，

Dr. Evans is going to take the data as I apply weight to the stick and

当我在球杆上施加重量时，Dr. Evans 会记录数据，

we're going to measure the actual flex number against the claimed flex number. 短語搭配

我们要将测量出的实际硬度数值与标称数值进行对比。

We hung calibrated weights from four different sticks, each with a different flex number.

我们在四根标有不同硬度数值的球杆上挂了校准过的重物。

Then we recorded the deflection values for each stick and generated a curve representing its stiffness. 用詞

然后我们记录了每根球杆的弯曲位移数值，并生成了一条代表其硬度的曲线。

The flex value is the weight in pounds required to deflect the stick 1 in.

硬度数值是使球杆弯曲 1 英寸所需的重量（以磅为单位）。

The numbers we measured, however, were much lower than the manufacturers' numbers, 表達脈絡

然而，我们测得的数值远低于制造商标称的数值，

but this is probably because the sticks were used and they lost their stiffness over time. 表達脈絡

但这可能是因为这些球杆使用过，随着时间推移失去了硬度。

Check it out, though.

不过看看这个。

Real science.

真正的科学。

Let's take a closer look, though.

让我们再仔细看看。

A beam deflection equation can be used to model a hockey stick's flex. 語法

我们可以用梁的挠度方程来模拟冰球杆的弯曲。

This force represents the pivot hand

这个力代表作为支点的手，

and this force represents the stick hitting the ice.

这个力代表球杆击打冰面。

The maximum displacement happens right here in the middle where the player's hand pushes on the stick.

最大位移发生在这里，也就是球员的手推压球杆的中间位置。

In engineering, we use two types of diagrams called shear and moment diagrams 用詞

在工程学中，我们使用剪力图和弯矩图这两种图表

to understand the stresses on the inside of a beam.

来理解梁内部的受力情况。

So, if our hockey player is strong enough to actually break a stick while doing a slap shot, 語法

那么，如果我们的冰球运动员足够强壮，能在击射时把球杆打断，

according to science, where exactly along the stick is it going to break?

根据科学，它究竟会在球杆的哪个位置断裂？

You get it?

你猜到了吗？

So, where do you think it broke relative to where your hand was? 短語搭配

那么，相对于你的手，你觉得它是从哪里断的？

Huh?

嗯？

Probably in it.

可能就在手那里。

Like you think it was in your hand when it broke?

你觉得断裂的时候它在你的手里？

Oh, yeah.

噢，是的。

Yeah.

是的。

All right, let's make sure I got it on slow mo. 用詞

好了，确认一下我用慢动作拍到了。

Did you see that?

你看到了吗？

There are two types of loading that added up to break the stick.

导致球杆断裂的是两种叠加在一起的受力。

First, he flexed it on the ice,

首先，他在冰面上将其压弯，

but it wasn't until he tried to actually accelerate the puck 語法

但直到他真正试图让冰球加速时，

that it kicked it up over its maximum stress limit and actually broke the stick. 用詞

压力才超过了其最大应力极限，真正把球杆弄断了。

That is awesome.

这真是太不可思议了。

So, thanks for sticking with me as I try to explain a sport I don't truly understand. 習語

感谢你们坚持看到这里，听我解释一项我并不完全懂的运动。

If you'd like to help us smarter every day and help me do crazy stuff like this,

如果你想帮助 Smarter Every Day，帮助我做这样疯狂的事情，

you can support the sponsor, which is audible.com.

你可以支持我们的赞助商 audible.com。

Go to audible.com/smarter and get a free audiobook.

前往 audible.com/smarter 即可免费获得一本有声读物。

They've got thousands to choose from.

他们有成千上万的书可供选择。

Get whatever you want.

随便挑你想听的。

You can do a free trial, free book, free trial.

你可以免费试用，免费听书，免费试用。

You can download it and listen to it, and if you don't like it, you can return it and get another one.

你可以下载并收听，如果不喜欢，还可以退换另一本。

It's a pretty good deal.

这挺划算的。

Anyway,

总之，

I used it long before they asked to sponsor Smarter Every Day,

早在他们提出赞助 Smarter Every Day 之前我就一直在用它了，

so I'm more than happy to suggest it to you. 短語搭配

所以我非常乐意向大家推荐它。

audible.com/smarter.

audible.com/smarter。

I get credit for you checking out Audible 短語搭配

你去试试 Audible 会让我得到奖励，

and it helps Smarter Every Day move forward and do more crazy stuff.

这也有助于 Smarter Every Day 继续前进，做更多疯狂的事情。

Anyway, I'm Destin.

总之，我是 Destin。

Get smarter every day.

每天变聪明一点点。

Thank you very much.

非常感谢。

Have a good one. 語氣意圖

祝你愉快。

Before and after.

断裂前后。

It was a smashing good time. 習語

真是令人大呼过瘾的破坏时光。

You want more whippiness or more stiffiness? 用詞

你想要更有弹性一点的还是更硬一点的？

Oh, all in preference.

噢，全看个人喜好。

It's for science.

这是为了科学。

I need a new stick.

我需要一根新球杆。