如果我们把太阳带到地球会发生什么？：英语精读讲义

What would happen if you were to bring a tiny piece of the Sun to Earth? 語法

如果把一小块太阳带到地球上会怎样？

Short answer, you'd die. 表達脈絡

简短的回答是，你会死。

Long answer,

详细的回答是，

it depends which piece of the Sun. 語法

这取决于那是太阳的哪一部分。

Like most of the matter in the universe,

就像宇宙中的大多数物质一样，

our Sun is neither solid, liquid, or gas, 語法

我们的太阳既不是固体、液体，也不是气体，

but plasma.

而是等离子体。

Plasma is when stuff is so hot that the nuclei and electrons can separate 語法

等离子体是指物质热到原子核和电子可以分离

and flow around freely,

并自由流动，

which creates a goo-like substance.

这就形成了一种黏液状的物质。

So, you can imagine our Sun as an extremely big spherical ocean of very hot goo. 短語搭配

所以，你可以把太阳想象成一个由极热黏液组成的、巨大的球形海洋。

The deeper you go, 語法

越往深处走，

the denser and weirder the goo becomes.

黏液就变得越致密、越奇怪。

So, let's bring three samples,

那么，让我们提取三个样本，

each the size of a house, 語法

每个房子那么大，

to our lab here on Earth and see what happens.

搬到地球上的实验室里，看看会发生什么。

First sample, the chromosphere.

第一个样本，色球层。

The chromosphere is the atmosphere of the Sun.

色球层是太阳的大气层。

A layer of sparse gas

是一层稀薄的气体，

up to 5,000 km deep

深度可达5000千米，

that's covered in a forest of plasma spikes 習語

表面覆盖着森林般的等离子体尖峰，

that can be almost as big as Earth.

这些尖峰差不多有地球那么大。

It's pretty hot here between 6,000 and 20,000 °C,

这里非常热，温度在6000到20000摄氏度之间，

but if we brought a sample of it to Earth,

但如果我们把它的一块样本带到地球上，

we're not really getting our money's worth. 習語

那确实不太值得。

In the area where we take our sample,

在我们提取样本的区域，

the chromosphere is over a million times less dense than air, 語法

色球层的密度比空气小一百万倍以上，

so compared to our atmosphere at sea level,

所以与海平面上的大气相比，

it's basically the same as bringing the vacuum of space down to Earth.

这基本上等同于把太空的真空带到了地球上。

The moment our sample arrives, 語法

样本抵达的那一刻，

it would immediately be crushed by Earth's atmospheric pressure and implode.

它会立即被地球的大气压压碎并发生内爆。

Air would rush to fill the vacuum

空气会涌入填补真空，

and use as much energy as 12 kg of TNT in the process. 語法

并在这一过程中释放出相当于12千克TNT炸药的能量。

This creates a high-pressure shock wave,

这会产生高压冲击波，

which shatters glass, ruptures eardrums,

震碎玻璃、震破耳膜，

and maybe some internal organs.

甚至可能损伤内脏。

If you're standing too close,

如果你站得太近，

it could kill you.

它可能会要了你的命。

So, you'd better keep your distance. 講解

所以，你最好保持距离。

Let's go deeper.

我们再深入一点。

Second sample, the photosphere.

第二个样本，光球层。

Beneath the chromosphere is the glowing surface of the Sun,

在色球层下方是太阳发光的表面，

the photosphere, which produces the light we see.

也就是光球层，它产生了我们看到的光。

It's covered in a grid

它表面布满了网格状的

of a million hotspots called granules,

一百万个被称为“米粒组织”的热点，

each of them about as big as the United States

每一个都大概有美国那么大，

and over 5,000°C.

温度超过5000摄氏度。

These granules are the tops of convective columns,

这些米粒组织是对流柱的顶端，

churning gas that brings the heat up 語法

翻腾的气体把热量

from the center of the Sun to its surface.

从太阳中心带到表面。

In these columns, a few hundred kilometers down,

在这些对流柱中向下几百千米的地方，

we take our second plasma sample.

我们提取了第二个等离子体样本。

It has about the same pressure as our atmosphere on Earth,

它的压强和地球的大气压差不多，

though still much less dense than air, 語法

尽管密度仍然比空气小得多，

its heat supports it,

但它的热量支撑着它，

so it won't implode.

所以它不会内爆。

Our sphere now carries twice as much energy, 語法

我们的圆球现在携带着两倍的能量，

as much as 25 kg of TNT,

相当于25千克TNT炸药的能量，

but this time as heat.

但这次是以热量的形式。

For a dazzling instant,

在令人眼花缭乱的一瞬间，

this plasma would glow with a million times 語法

这个等离子体会以一百万倍的亮度发光，

the brightness of the Sun seen from Earth,

亮度甚至超过在地球上看到的太阳，

instantly lighting fires throughout our lab. 語法

瞬间点燃整个实验室。

But a few milliseconds later,

但几毫秒之后，

those fires are all that's left. 語法

就只剩下那些火了。

The plasma has cooled to harmless gas,

等离子体已经冷却成无害的气体，

floating up from the flaming ruins.

从燃烧的废墟中飘浮起来。

What if we go deeper?

如果我们再往深处走呢？

Third sample, the radiative zone.

第三个样本，辐射区。

Here, the plasma is about 2 million degrees Celsius

在这里，等离子体的温度约为200万摄氏度，

and so dense and tightly packed

密度极高，排列紧密，

that it creates a sort of maze for itself. 習語

就像给自己造了个迷宫。

Energy in the form of photons tries to escape,

以光子形式存在的能量试图逃逸，

but has to wander for hundreds of thousands of years,

但得游荡数十万年，

bouncing endlessly from particle to particle,

在粒子与粒子之间无休止地反弹，

until it eventually finds an exit.

直到最终找到出口。

Bringing matter from here to our lab

把这里的物质带到实验室，

is what experts call a very bad idea. 語氣意圖

也就是专家所说的“非常糟糕的主意”。

As soon as it arrives in our lab,

它一到达我们的实验室，

the extreme pressure that holds the plasma tightly together is gone, 短語動詞

紧紧维系等离子体的极端高压就会消失，

and the material explodes

这种物质就会爆发，

with the power of a thermonuclear weapon.

威力堪比热核武器。

Our lab, as well as the city around it, 語法

我们的实验室连同周围的城市，

will be destroyed in an instant.

会在一瞬间被摧毁。

On the bright side, 習語

往好处想，

there won't be any radioactive fallout.

这里不会有任何放射性沉降物。

With our lab destroyed, 語法

随着实验室被毁，

we can abandon the illusion that we're trying to do any science today. 短語搭配

我们今天也别幻想能做什么科学研究了。

What if we go much, much deeper?

如果我们走得更深、更深呢？

Last sample, the core.

最后一个样本，核心。

Here, in the central 1% of the star,

在这里，占恒星中心1%的区域内，

we find a third of the Sun's mass.

包含了太阳三分之一的质量。

The matter here is compressed by the weight

这里的物质被上方

of the entire star above it.

整颗恒星的重量压缩着。

In the center of the core,

在核心的中心，

the temperature is 15 million degrees,

温度高达1500万度，

hot enough to make helium by smashing together hydrogen, 語法

热到足以通过让氢碰撞在一起来制造氦，

powering the Sun by nuclear fusion.

通过核聚变为太阳提供能量。

In billions of years,

几十亿年后，

after the death of the Sun,

太阳死后，

this core will remain as a white dwarf.

这个核心将作为白矮星保留下来。

If we brought a sample of it to Earth,

如果我们把它的一块样本带到地球上，

it would cause a lot of inconvenience. 語氣意圖

将会引起很多不便。

The biggest nuclear weapon ever detonated 語法

迄今引爆过的最大核武器

had an energy of 40 megatons of TNT,

具有4000万吨TNT的能量，

or a cube the size of the Empire State Building.

或者相当于一个帝国大厦那么大的立方体。

Our sample has the equivalent of 4,000 megatons.

我们的样本相当于4000兆吨。

This is 4 billion tons of TNT,

也就是40亿吨TNT，

or a cube 1.3 km high.

也就是一个高达1.3千米的立方体。

To give you a sense of scale, 表達脈絡

为了让你有个大小的概念，

this is the cube inside Manhattan.

这是放在曼哈顿里面的立方体。

Once the sphere arrives on Earth,

一旦这个圆球到达地球，

this superdense matter expands instantly

这种超高密度的物质会瞬间膨胀，

and creates an explosion with the force of,

并产生爆炸，威力相当于

well, the Sun. 語氣意圖

嗯，太阳。

If we get the sample in Paris in the morning,

如果我们早上在巴黎获取样本，

the citizens of London would see

伦敦市民会看到

what looks like a second sunrise, 語法

像是第二次日出一样的景象，

but one that gets brighter and brighter 語法

但这光芒会变得越来越亮、

and hotter and hotter until London burns to ashes. 短語搭配

越来越热，直到伦敦烧成灰烬。

In a radius of about 300 km around the blast,

在爆炸周围大约300公里的半径内，

everything would be burnt.

一切都会被烧毁。

The shock wave would travel around the Earth multiple times.

冲击波将绕地球多次。

Most buildings in Central Europe would be flattened,

欧洲中部的大多数建筑都会被夷为平地，

eardrums would rupture,

耳膜会破裂，

and windows break across the continent.

整个欧洲大陆的窗户都会破碎。

The explosion would be apocalyptic,

这场爆炸将是灾难性的，

possibly human civilization ending. 語法

可能会导致人类文明终结。

If humans did survive, 語法

如果人类真的幸存下来，

we could count on the dust blown into the atmosphere 短語動詞

我们可以指望被吹入大气层的灰尘

to create a small ice age.

制造出一个小冰河期。

So, if there is one tiny bright side, 語法

所以，如果说有一点好消息的话，

it would be that the explosion might be an effective way

那就是这场爆炸可能是一种有效的方式，

to control human-caused climate change for a few decades.

能在几十年内控制住人类造成的气候变化。

While this is definitely a good thing,

尽管这绝对是一件好事，

all in all, we conclude that we should not try 表達脈絡

总而言之，我们的结论是：我们不应该试图

to bring the Sun to Earth.

把太阳带到地球。

Welcome to the Kurzgesagt lab.

欢迎来到Kurzgesagt实验室。

Let's conduct a few stellar experiments.

让我们进行一些恒星实验。

We'll first add some more mass to this protostar.

首先，我们要给这颗原恒星增加一些质量。

More.

再加点。

A bit more.

再加一点点。

Wow, we've just created a blue giant, 語法

哇，我们刚刚创造了一颗蓝巨星，

a star with 10 times the mass of our Sun.

一颗质量是我们太阳10倍的恒星。

Let's now add a couple of million years and see what happens.

现在，让我们加上几百万年，看看会发生什么。

A supernova.

超新星爆发。

Breathtaking.

惊心动魄。

And look, it leaves behind a black hole. 短語動詞

看，它留下了一个黑洞。

Fascinating stuff.

令人着迷。

Now, we record our findings. 短語搭配

现在，我们记录下我们的发现。

Be careful to preserve the sparkle.

小心保存它的光彩。

It's now time for Duck's final inspection.

现在到了Duck（鸭子）进行最终检查的时候了。

This one is always a nail-biter. 習語

这个环节总是让人捏一把汗。

He has incredibly high standards. 短語搭配

它的标准高得离谱。

Lucky for us, our work is scientifically accurate, 語氣意圖

幸运的是，我们的工作在科学上是准确的，

offers an overview of important astrophysical processes, 短語搭配

概述了重要的天体物理过程，

and is a real stunner. 用詞

而且非常惊艳。

Duck approves.

Duck批准了。

Looks like it's ready to be shared with the world

看来它已经准备好与世界分享了，

as a poster,

作为一张海报，

a very special piece of Kurzgesagt

一件非常特别的Kurzgesagt作品，

you can take home and touch.

你可以带回家并亲自触摸。

You can get this very special poster

你可以买到这张非常特别的海报，

along with many other sciency and spacey things

以及许多其他充满科学感和太空感的好物，

created with love and care from our shop.

这些都是我们在商店里用心和爱创作的。

Every Kurzgesagt product you buy directly funds another moment

你购买的每一件Kurzgesagt产品都会直接资助我们

we get to spend working on our videos. 用詞

花在制作视频上的时间。

Thank you so much for being a part of our story

非常感谢你成为我们故事的一部分，

and for making this channel possible.

并让这个频道成为可能。