如果你和动物发生关系会怎样？：英语精读讲义

On your quest to find a soulmate,

在寻找灵魂伴侣的路上，

it's expected that you would cringe at the idea of finding beauty in the beast. 講解

一想到要在野兽身上发现美，你会浑身不自在也很正常。

But we were all for Belle falling in love with a water buffalo. 短語搭配

但我们都很支持贝儿爱上一头水牛。

So what are the issues with bestiality anyways?

那么，兽交到底有什么问题呢？

What would actually happen if you had sex with an animal? 語法

如果你真的和动物发生性关系，会怎么样？

Before you start flirting with huskies on the street,

在你开始当街和哈士奇调情之前，

biological mechanisms are in place to prevent sex between different species. 短語搭配

生物机制早已设下防线，阻止不同物种之间发生性关系。

If two different species' sperm and egg can't even fuse,

如果两个不同物种的精子和卵细胞根本无法融合，

this is called a pre-zygotic mechanism. 用詞

这就叫作合子前机制。

Examples are if two species have incompatible sex organs that won't fit,

比如，两个物种的生殖器官互不相容，根本无法契合，

two species live in such different locations that they can never bang, 講解

或者两个物种生活的地点相隔太远，永远没机会交配，

or they have different mating rituals,

又或者它们的求偶仪式不同，

so are never even interested in trying.

所以连尝试的兴趣都没有。

Even if two different species end up managing to have sex, 語法

即使两个不同物种最后真的发生了性关系，

it's unlikely the sperm and egg would produce an offspring. 語法

精子和卵细胞也不太可能孕育出后代。

In the case of bestiality with you and a closely related species like a baboon,

以你和狒狒这类近缘物种发生兽交为例，

one study showed that human sperm couldn't attach to the protein surface of the eggs of baboons.

一项研究表明，人类精子无法附着在狒狒卵细胞表面的蛋白质上。

Therefore,

因此，

there would be no fusing,

二者不会融合，

and the first phase of fertilization could never be completed.

受精的第一阶段也就永远无法完成。

No part baboon part human babies will ever roam this planet.

半狒狒、半人类的宝宝永远不会在这个星球上四处游荡。

But in some cases,

不过在某些情况下，

a successful offspring can be produced by different species.

不同物种确实能成功繁育出后代。

For example,

例如，

male lions and female tigers can produce a liger.

雄狮和雌虎可以生出狮虎兽。

This is where post-zygotic mechanisms come into play. 習語

这时，合子后机制就会发挥作用。

These are mechanisms that prevent the survival of an interbred offspring.

这些机制会阻止杂交后代存活。

For instance,

比如，

when you cross a horse and a donkey, 用詞

让马和驴杂交，

you likely end up with a sterile mule. 短語動詞

得到的很可能是一头无法生育的骡子。

So the mule exists,

所以骡子可以存活，

but can't have babies itself.

却无法繁育自己的后代。

Other post-zygotic mechanisms include hybrid inviability, 用詞

其他合子后机制还包括杂种不活性，

when a successfully fertilized egg doesn't develop past early stages,

也就是成功受精的卵细胞无法度过早期发育阶段，

or hybrid breakdown, 用詞

或杂种衰败，

where the offspring itself can have kids,

也就是杂交后代本身能够生育，

but generations after are sterile and incapable of producing children.

但之后的世代会失去生育能力，无法再繁衍后代。

All in all, 表達脈絡

总而言之，

pre-zygotic and post-zygotic mechanisms ensure that if different species do have sex,

合子前和合子后机制可以确保，即使不同物种发生了性关系，

it's hard for them to successfully reproduce.

它们也很难成功繁殖。

But sometimes animals labeled as different species can still mate because they share a relatively recent ancestor,

不过，有时被归为不同物种的动物仍能交配，因为它们有一个年代相对较近的共同祖先，

like when us Homo sapiens mated with Neanderthals. 講解

比如我们智人就曾与尼安德特人交配。

The hypothesis is that female humans breeding with male Neanderthals were able to generate fertile offspring, 短語搭配

一种假说认为，人类女性与男性尼安德特人交配，能够生下具有生育能力的后代，

but female Neanderthals who mated with male humans were either rare, 語法

但与人类男性交配的尼安德特女性要么极为少见，

absent,

要么根本不存在，

or infertile.

要么无法生育。

There are many conflicting theories about why and how we hooked up with Neanderthals, 短語動詞

关于我们为什么以及如何与尼安德特人发生关系，存在许多相互矛盾的理论，

but one reason may have to do with the fact that they are kinda... 短語搭配

但其中一个原因或许是，他们有点……

Being a human who engages in bestiality comes with dangers. 短語搭配

人类进行兽交是有危险的。

One study shows that males who had sex with animals were at a higher risk for penile cancer than males who didn't. 語法

一项研究显示，与动物发生过性关系的男性患阴茎癌的风险高于没有这样做的男性。

This is probably because micro-traumas on the penile tissue are produced during sex.

这可能是因为性交过程中，阴茎组织会受到微小创伤。

This exposes the human tissue to animal secretions and other infectious agents that can lead to cancer. 短語搭配

这会让人体组织暴露于动物分泌物和其他可能导致癌症的感染性因子。

Several other case studies show colorectal trauma and harmful bacterial infections are also possible after sex with an animal.

另外几项病例研究表明，与动物性交后，还可能出现结直肠创伤和有害的细菌感染。

So,

那么，

why do people do it?

人们为什么要这样做呢？

One study identifies several motivations for bestiality.

一项研究归纳了兽交的几种动机。

For instance,

例如，

there are maybe situational reasons where people have limited access to human partners, 短語搭配

有时可能是现实条件所致，例如人们很难接触到人类性伴侣，

or financial incentives, 用詞

也可能是经济利益驱动，

where people have sex with animals for pornography or for sex shows.

比如为了制作色情内容或进行性表演而与动物性交。

There may also be cognitive impairment,

此外，认知障碍，

emotional immaturity,

情感不成熟，

and dopamine dysregulation motivating the act as well. 語法

以及多巴胺调节失常，也可能促使人做出这种行为。

And there are some reported cases of zoophiles who feel affection and intimacy with an animal. 用詞

还有一些报告称，部分恋兽者会对动物产生爱意和亲密感。

With one case study showing a man who left his wife in order to live with horses he had affection for. 講解

有一项病例研究讲到，一名男子为了和自己喜爱的马一起生活，离开了妻子。

So,

所以，

it turns out Belle wasn't the only one who fell in love with a beast. 講解

看来贝儿并不是唯一一个爱上野兽的人。

Clearly this video was not sponsored, 語氣意圖

很显然，这期视频没有赞助，

and at this moment in time it's probably demonetized as well. 文化背景

而且现在大概也已经被取消广告收益资格了。

So we're going to take this time to tell you about our new podcast Sidenote,

所以，我们就趁这个机会介绍一下我们的新播客 Sidenote，

which we love.

我们真的很喜欢这个节目。

Every week we take on controversial topics like this one, 短語動詞

每周，我们都会探讨像这样有争议的话题，

and then we splice in the science information so that you are entertained while simultaneously learning. 講解

再穿插科学知识，让你一边享受内容，一边学到东西。

You might not know this,

你可能不知道，

but surprisingly Mitch and I disagree on a lot of things,

但令人意外的是，Mitch 和我在很多事情上意见不合，

and that comes out in this podcast pretty evidently. 短語動詞

而这一点在播客里表现得相当明显。

So,

所以，

make sure you subscribe to it wherever you can.

记得在你能找到它的任何平台上订阅。

It's called Sidenote,

它叫 Sidenote，

and we'll see you next week for a new science video.

我们下周会带来新的科学视频，到时见。

See you.

再见。