服用类固醇后会发生什么？：英语精读讲义

This episode is supported by Hims.

本期视频由 Hims 赞助。

With over 3 million Americans having used steroids, 語法

已有超过 300 万美国人使用过类固醇，

the desire to bulk up is strong. 短語動詞

可见人们想要增肌壮身的欲望有多强烈。

But what even happens to your body when you take steroids, 語氣意圖

但服用类固醇究竟会对身体产生什么影响，

and are there major risks to performance-enhancing drugs? 用詞

提升运动表现的药物又是否存在重大风险？

Every time you pump a weight at the gym, 語法

每次你在健身房举起重量时，

your muscles experience damage,

肌肉都会受到损伤，

but the body recovers by forming new muscle protein strands to repair the muscle fibers. 語法

但身体会形成新的肌肉蛋白链来修复肌纤维，从而恢复。

Over time, 表達脈絡

久而久之，

these strands increase in thickness and number,

这些蛋白链会变得更粗，数量也会增多，

and ultimately,

最终，

if muscle protein synthesis is greater than muscle protein breakdown, 語法

如果肌肉蛋白合成量大于肌肉蛋白分解量，

your muscles will grow.

你的肌肉就会生长。

The degree of growth is largely regulated by testosterone, 語法

肌肉生长的程度主要由睾酮调节，

which increases protein synthesis.

睾酮会促进蛋白质合成。

It's why, generally,

这也解释了为什么一般来说，

men have larger muscle mass than women,

男性的肌肉量比女性更大，

as they have higher levels of testosterone.

因为他们的睾酮水平更高。

Now,

那么，

steroids are any compound with a specific four-carbon ring structure.

类固醇是指具有特定四环碳骨架结构的任何化合物。

So the term steroid actually includes some chemicals that can be used to treat fever and headaches, 用詞

因此，“类固醇”这个词实际上也涵盖了一些可用于治疗发烧和头痛的化学物质，

and even sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone.

甚至还包括雌激素和睾酮这样的性激素。

But the type of steroid we'll be looking at actually mimic natural testosterone 短語動詞

但我们要探讨的这类类固醇，其实是在模拟人体自然产生的睾酮

with the intention to enhance performance

以达到提升运动表现的目的，

and are used by more than 15% of gym-goers.

而超过 15% 的健身者都在使用它们。

Within a single day of taking steroids, 語法

服用类固醇后仅仅一天内，

the expression of your genes will begin to change.

你的基因表达就会开始发生变化。

Steroids easily enter your cells and bind to the androgen receptor. 短語搭配

类固醇很容易进入细胞，并与雄激素受体结合。

At this point,

此时，

they can move into the nucleus and attach to your DNA,

它们可以进入细胞核并附着在你的 DNA 上，

which activates hundreds of genes to increase protein synthesis while slowing protein breakdown. 語法

从而激活数百个基因，促进蛋白质合成，同时减缓蛋白质分解。

In the end,

最终，

people who take steroids can have three to five times more nuclei in some muscle cells. 語法

在服用类固醇的人体内，某些肌肉细胞的细胞核数量可达到常人的三到五倍。

Steroids can also stop the differentiation of fat stem cells

类固醇还可以阻止脂肪干细胞分化

and decrease a person's body fat.

并降低体脂。

Days in, 表達脈絡

服用几天后，

and you're quickly increasing muscle size and strength,

你的肌肉体积和力量便会迅速增长，

while also protecting muscle fibers against damage, 短語搭配

同时肌纤维也能免受损伤，

making steroids ideal for exercise tolerance and recovery as well. 語法

因此类固醇也成了提升运动耐受力和恢复能力的理想选择。

But continue to take them, 語法

但如果继续服用，

and your behavior may start to change.

你的行为可能就会开始改变。

Because steroid receptors are found in parts of our central nervous system like the forebrain,

由于类固醇受体存在于中枢神经系统的某些区域，比如前脑、

hypothalamus,

下丘脑

and pituitary gland,

和脑垂体，

steroids can lead to the classic 'roid rage. 用詞

类固醇可能会导致典型的“类固醇暴怒”。

A study of athletes taking steroids

一项针对使用类固醇的运动员的研究

showed 20% developed higher manic and depressive scores than non-users.

发现，其中 20% 的人躁狂和抑郁评分高于未使用者。

Mice given steroids over 10 weeks 語法

给小鼠连续使用类固醇 10 周后，

also become more aggressive towards other mice put in the same cages.

它们对同笼的其他小鼠也会更具攻击性。

Male mice also become more dominant

雄性小鼠也会变得更有支配性，

and are more willing to compete for sex with female mice.

更愿意为了与雌性小鼠交配而展开竞争。

But that sex drive may not translate to better sex. 用詞

但这种性欲未必会带来更好的性生活。

For female users,

对女性使用者来说，

steroids can interfere with the estrus cycle 短語搭配

类固醇会干扰发情周期，

and may decrease sexual drive.

还可能降低性欲。

Masculinization can occur as well,

此外，还可能出现男性化现象，

with female users gaining deeper voices

女性使用者的声音会变得更低沉，

and starting to grow more body and facial hair.

身体和面部也开始长出更多毛发。

Male users may experience sperm cell abnormalities

男性使用者可能会出现精子细胞异常

and decreased sperm count.

和精子数量减少的问题。

Steroids also decrease natural production of hormones that are necessary for maintaining testicular size,

类固醇还会抑制人体自然产生维持睾丸大小所必需的激素，

meaning your balls will shrink. 用詞

也就是说，你的睾丸会萎缩。

And since most steroid users follow a cycle of on and off dosing periods, 用詞

而且，由于大多数类固醇使用者会周期性交替安排用药期和停药期，

natural levels of testosterone can be quite low at times,

体内自然睾酮水平有时会非常低，

causing erectile dysfunction and decreased libido in males.

从而导致男性勃起功能障碍和性欲下降。

40% of male users also developed enlarged breast tissue

还有 40% 的男性使用者出现了乳房组织增生，

as steroids break down into estradiol, 短語動詞

因为类固醇会分解成雌二醇，

which stimulates the growth of mammary tissue.

而雌二醇会刺激乳腺组织生长。

Finally,

最后，

steroids can cause a high level of acne in almost half of users

近一半的使用者会因类固醇出现严重痤疮，

and increase the risk of heart disease and stroke. 短語搭配

同时心脏病和中风的风险也会增加。

So,

所以，

yes,

没错，

steroids will make you bulk up faster and improve your athletic ability,

类固醇会让你更快增肌，并提高运动能力，

but as with most things,

但和大多数事物一样，

comes with a set of risks and side effects that you'll likely experience as well.

它也伴随着一系列风险和副作用，而你很可能同样会亲身经历。

We want to send a big thank you to Hims for sponsoring today's video.

非常感谢 Hims 对本期视频的赞助。

Hims is a company that makes it easier for men to deal with issues that can sometimes feel embarrassing, 講解

Hims 是一家帮助男性更轻松应对某些令人难以启齿的问题的公司，

like hair loss,

比如脱发、

erectile dysfunction,

勃起功能障碍

or skin issues.

或皮肤问题。

Hims offers personalized recommendations and advice from doctors online,

Hims 会在线提供个性化建议和医生咨询，

and everything is confidential

一切信息都会严格保密，

and all the treatments are scientifically validated. 用詞

而且所有治疗方案都经过科学验证。

On top of this, 表達脈絡

除此之外，

their products are way cheaper because they use generic versions instead of brand names, 講解

由于使用的是仿制药而非品牌药，他们的产品便宜得多，

and it's delivered right to your door.

而且会直接配送到你家门口。

You can show support for our show by visiting forhims.com/asaphair to get a comprehensive hair kit for only $5,

访问 forhims.com/asaphair，只需 5 美元即可获得一套全面的护发套装，同时也能支持我们的节目，

which is an amazing deal.

这真的非常划算。

As we and our friends get older, 語法

随着我们和朋友们年纪渐长，

there's lots of conversations that come up about hair loss. 短語動詞

大家会越来越多地聊到脱发问题。

And so,

所以，

something like this comprehensive kit is a perfect way to get started.

像这样的全套产品正是开始护理的绝佳选择。

Get started.

现在就开始吧。

So,

所以，

dudes, 用詞

兄弟们，

let's take care of ourselves. 語氣意圖

让我们好好照顾自己吧。

And you can start by visiting forhims.com/asaphair.

第一步，就从访问 forhims.com/asaphair 开始。

Make sure you're subscribed,

记得订阅我们的频道，

and we'll see you next week.

我们下周见。

Peace.

拜拜。