我们能从蹒跚学步的孩子身上学到什么？⏲️ 6分钟英语：英语精读讲义

6 Minute English from bbclearningenglish.com.

bbclearningenglish.com的6分钟英语。

Hello, this is 6 Minute English from BBC Learning English.

大家好，这里是BBC Learning English的6分钟英语。

I'm Neil.

我是Neil。

And I'm Beth.

我是Beth。

You may have one or know someone who does 語法

你可能有一个处于这个年龄的孩子，或者认识有这种孩子的人，

and at one time you've been one yourself. 短語搭配

而且你自己曾经也是个这样的孩子。

I'm talking about toddlers.

我在说的是幼儿（toddlers）。

A toddler is a young child usually between 2 and 4 years old 短語搭配

幼儿通常是指2到4岁之间的小孩，

who is learning to walk or toddling. 語法

他们正在学步（toddling）或学习走路。

It's an important stage in a child's development

这是儿童发育过程中的一个重要阶段，

as they learn to move and understand the world around them. 語法

因为他们要学习移动并理解周围的世界。

It's also known as the terrible twos. 文化背景

这也常常被称为“可怕的两岁”。

When toddlers can't do the things they want to, 語法

当幼儿无法做到他们想做的事情时，

they experience frustration

他们会经历挫败感，

which often leads to tantrums, 短語搭配

这往往会导致发脾气（tantrums），

a sudden and noisy outburst of anger. 用詞

也就是突然而吵闹地爆发怒火。

We've probably all seen the tears and screams

我们可能都见过那些眼泪和尖叫，

when a young child can't have what they want.

当小孩子得不到他们想要的东西时。

Yes, the famous temper tantrums.

是的，著名的乱发脾气。

But being a toddler is also an exciting time 表達脈絡

但作为一个幼儿也是一个令人兴奋的时期，

as a child's personality starts to develop.

因为孩子的个性开始发展。

So, what can we adults learn from toddlers? 表達脈絡

那么，我们成年人能从幼儿身上学到什么呢？

That's what we'll be finding out in this program 短語動詞

这就是我们在本节目中要寻找的答案，

along with some useful new vocabulary. 短語搭配

同时还会学到一些有用的新词汇。

But first, I have a question for you, Beth.

但首先，我有一个问题要问你，Beth。

Being a toddler is certainly an important stage in a child's growth,

幼儿期肯定是儿童成长的关键阶段，

but which of the following statements is true? 短語搭配

但以下哪项陈述是正确的？

A,

A，

toddlers are attracted to shapes that resemble the human body. 短語搭配

幼儿会被类似人体的形状所吸引。

B,

B，

toddlers are more active than at any other time in their lives. 語法

幼儿时期是一生中最活跃的时期。

Or C,

或者C，

toddlers can grow up to 3 cm during sleep time. 用詞

幼儿在睡觉时最多可以长高3厘米。

Hmm.

嗯。

Uh I think toddlers can grow up to 3 cm while they sleep.

呃，我认为幼儿在睡觉时最多可以长高3厘米。

Okay, Beth.

好的，Beth。

We'll find out if that's the correct answer later in the program.

稍后在节目中我们会揭晓这是否是正确答案。

At 2 or 3 years old,

在2或3岁时，

there's not much toddlers can do for themselves. 短語搭配

幼儿自己能做的事情并不多。

They depend on mom or dad to feed, clothe, 短語搭配

他们依赖爸爸妈妈来喂饭、穿衣，

and care for them.

以及照顾他们。

So it's strange to think there's anything adults could learn. 短語搭配

所以要说成年人还能从他们身上学到什么，听起来挺不可思议的。

But not according to Dr. Hasan Merali, 表達脈絡

但Hasan Merali博士并不这么认为，

author of a new book Sleep Well, Take Risks, Squish the Peas, 表達脈絡

他是新书《Sleep Well, Take Risks, Squish the Peas》的作者，

and father to his own toddler,

也是他自己幼儿的父亲，

who spoke with BBC Radio 4 program Woman's Hour. 文化背景

他在BBC Radio 4的《Woman's Hour》节目中谈到了这一点。

When I see the toddlers by themselves, 短語搭配

当我看到幼儿们独处时，

they're doing a lot of things out loud.

他们经常大声说出正在做的事。

Little Julie's putting on her mitts 短語動詞

小Julie正在戴连指手套，

saying Julie can do it.

嘴里说着“Julie能行”。

And Coltan's over on the side and he's looking down at his boots

而Coltan在一旁，他低头看着自己的靴子，

and they're on the wrong way 短語搭配

靴子穿反了，

and so he says, "Oh, Coltan did this wrong."

所以他说：“哦，Coltan做错了。”

And this idea of self-talk

而这种自我对话的理念，

is really a way to decrease stress in anxiety-provoking situations. 講解

确实是在引发焦虑的状况下减轻压力的一种有效方式。

Dr. Merali

Merali博士

observed toddlers talking to themselves out loud.

观察到幼儿经常大声对自己说话。

When you talk out loud, 短語搭配

当你大声说话（out loud）时，

you speak so that other people can hear you. 語法

你发出的声音能让别人听到。

But it's what the toddlers were saying 語法

但是幼儿说出的话

that's really interesting.

才是真正有趣的地方。

When a little girl called Julie learned how to put on her gloves, 講解

当一个叫Julie的小女孩学会戴手套时，

she told herself,

她告诉自己，

"Julie can do it." 語氣意圖

“Julie能行。”

This is a special kind of talking out loud

这是一种特殊的大声说话方式，

known as self-talk. 短語搭配

被称为自我对话（self-talk）。

Self-talk means the messages that you tell yourself 用詞

自我对话指的是你传递给自己的信息，

and the way in which you tell them. 語法

以及你传递它们的方式。

It's your inner voice 習語

这是你内心的声音，

and in toddlers,

而在幼儿中，

it's usually positive and encouraging.

它通常是积极和鼓舞人心的。

Unfortunately, as we grow up, 短語動詞

不幸的是，随着我们的成长，

our self-talk often becomes less encouraging 語法

我们的自我对话往往变得不再那么鼓励人，

and more critical.

而是变得更具批判性。

Instead of a positive loving inner voice, 短語搭配

不再是积极有爱的内心声音，

as adults,

作为成年人，

we tend to tell ourselves, 短語搭配

我们往往会告诉自己，

"You can't do it."

“你做不到的。”

or "You're no good." 用詞

或者“你很糟糕。”

Here's Dr. Merali again

我们再来听听Merali博士

explaining more to BBC Radio 4 program Woman's Hour.

在BBC Radio 4的《Woman's Hour》节目中做出的进一步解释。

We often get into the cycle of negative self-talk 習語

我们经常陷入负面自我对话的循环，

and I think one of the best strategies that we can do 語法

我认为我们能采取的最佳策略之一

is give ourselves more positive self-talk.

就是给自己更多积极的自我对话。

So,

所以，

an easy way to do it 語法

一个简单的方法是，

is when you're down on yourself and angry with yourself, 習語

当你对自己感到沮丧并生自己的气时，

think about talking to yourself as a good friend 語氣意圖

试着想象是在对一个好朋友说话，

instead of actually you.

而不是对着你自己。

And you'll notice that difference

你会注意到，

in how you talk to yourself.

你对自己说话的方式将会有所不同。

As an adult,

作为一个成年人，

you might be down on yourself.

你可能会对自己感到沮丧（down on yourself）。

If you're down on yourself,

如果你“down on yourself”，

you feel disappointed

你会感到失望，

and self-critical about yourself.

并且对自己进行自我批判。

When this happens,

当这种情况发生时，

your self-talk gets very negative. 短語搭配

你的自我对话就会变得非常消极。

For example,

例如，

telling yourself you're no good.

告诉自己你一无是处。

And this can lead to a negative cycle, 用詞

这可能导致负面循环（negative cycle），

a pattern of repeating the same negative thoughts

这是一种重复相同消极想法的模式，

over and over again. 短語搭配

一遍又一遍地发生。

This can be a problem,

这可能是个问题，

but not for toddlers

但对幼儿来说不是，

who are naturally good at talking kindly to themselves 短語搭配

因为他们天生就擅长友善地跟自己说话，

and celebrating the little things, 習語

并为一点点小事庆祝，

like learning to get dressed. 短語搭配

比如学会了穿衣服。

The solution for overcritical grown-ups, 用詞

对于过度挑剔的成年人来说，

according to Dr. Merali,

根据Merali博士的建议，解决办法是：

pretend you're talking to a good friend

假装你正在和一个好朋友说话，

instead of to yourself,

而不是你本人，

just like toddlers do. 語法

就像幼儿做的那样。

It seems us adults can learn something from young children after all, 用詞

看来我们成年人终究还是能从小孩身上学到点什么，

being kind to ourselves. 短語搭配

那就是善待自己。

When they're not having tantrums, 表達脈絡

当他们不发脾气的时候，

toddlers really are wonderful little creatures,

幼儿真的是奇妙的小生物，

which reminds me of your question, 表達脈絡

这让我想起了你的问题，

Neil.

Neil。

Right.

没错。

I asked you which statement about toddlers was true.

我问你关于幼儿的哪项陈述是正确的。

And I said it was that toddlers can grow up to 3 cm

我选的是，幼儿最多可以长高3厘米

while they sleep.

在他们睡觉的时候。

Was I right?

我猜对了吗？

Uh

呃

I think you know that you're not right, 語氣意圖

我想你知道你猜得不对，

Beth.

Beth。

That was the wrong answer.

那是错误的答案。

It's true that toddlers do grow when sleeping, 語法

幼儿在睡觉时的确会生长，

but not as much as 3 cm.

但没有3厘米那么多。

In fact, 表達脈絡

事实上，

the correct answer was that being a toddler

正确的答案是，幼儿期

is the most active period of your whole life, 語法

是你一生中最活跃的时期，

which isn't hard to believe if you live with one. 語氣意圖

如果你和一个幼儿生活在一起，这一点就不难相信。

Okay,

好的，

let's recap the vocabulary we've learned in this program 表達脈絡

让我们复习一下我们在本节目中学到的词汇，

about toddlers,

关于toddlers（幼儿），

young children who are toddling

即正在蹒跚学步的小孩，

or learning to walk.

或正在学习走路的小孩。

A tantrum is a noisy uncontrolled

Tantrum（发脾气）是指吵闹且不受控制的

outburst of anger,

愤怒爆发，

usually from a young child.

通常发生在小孩身上。

If you say something out loud,

如果你 out loud（大声地）说某事，

you say it in a way

你说话的方式是

that other people can hear.

能让别人听到的。

Self-talk refers to the messages that you tell yourself 短語搭配

Self-talk（自我对话）指的是你告诉自己的信息，

and the way in which you tell them.

以及你诉说它们的方式。

It's your inner voice.

它是你内心的声音。

The phrase to be down on yourself

短语 to be down on yourself

means to feel disappointed

意思是感到失望，

and self-critical about yourself.

以及对自己的过度批评。

And finally,

最后，

a negative cycle

negative cycle（负面循环）

is a pattern of repeating the same negative thoughts

是指一种重复相同消极想法的模式，

over and over again.

一遍又一遍地出现。

Something a toddler would never do.

那是幼儿绝对不会做的事。

Once again,

再一次，

our 6 Minutes are up. 習語

我们的6分钟时间到了。

But remember to join us again next time

但请记得下次再来加入我们，

for more trending topics and useful vocabulary

获取更多热门话题和实用词汇，

here at 6 Minute English.

就在6分钟英语。

Goodbye for now.

暂且说到这，再见。

Goodbye.

再见。

6 Minute English from bbclearningenglish.com.

bbclearningenglish.com的6分钟英语。