世界上最精锐的特种部队有哪些？：英语精读讲义

Almost all countries have a special elite unit of soldiers that have been trained both physically and mentally

几乎所有国家都有一支在身体和心理上都受过特殊训练的精英士兵部队，

to fight enemies when the job is a bridge too far for regular soldiers. 習語

当常规士兵无法胜任任务时，他们就会出动打击敌人。

Months of grueling training,

数月的艰苦训练，

which is too much for most aspiring elite soldiers,

对大多数有抱负的精英士兵来说太过严苛，

also teaches them to endure and withstand punishment and torture.

但也教会了他们如何忍受和抵御惩罚与折磨。

We don't know many of these elite soldiers

我们对这些精英士兵知之甚少，

because for the most part what they do remains a secret 短語搭配

因为在大多数情况下，他们的行动是保密的，

and with it their identity.

他们的身份也是如此。

They work in the background for much of the time 習語

他们大部分时间都在幕后工作，

and only occasionally do the public hear of their missions. 語法

公众只是偶尔会听到他们执行任务的消息。

They provide their own citizens with security

他们为本国公民提供安全保障，

but for their enemies they are ghosts to be feared. 習語

但对于敌人来说，他们是令人恐惧的幽灵。

Today we'll look at the best of them in this episode of the Infographics Show,

今天，我们将在《信息图解秀》的这期节目中，看看他们之中最棒的，

most elite special forces in the world.

世界上最顶尖的特种部队。

Don't forget to subscribe and click the bell button

别忘了订阅并点击小铃铛，

so that you can be part of our notification squad. 語法

这样你就能加入我们的通知小分队了。

Number nine,

第九名，

SSG, Pakistan.

巴基斯坦，SSG。

Also known as the Black Storks,

特种勤务大队也被称为“黑鹳”，

the Special Services Group was formed in 1956.

成立于1956年。

They assist the army in numerous conflicts and military operations,

他们协助军队参与多次冲突和军事行动，

as well as serve the country in countering terrorism.

并在反恐方面为国家效力。

The training is grueling, but that's a given for this list. You can join this band of soldiers 習語

训练是残酷的，但对这份榜单来说理所应当。你能加入这支部队，

only if you have at least two years experience in the Pakistani Armed Forces. Training takes nine months 語法

前提是你必须在巴基斯坦武装部队中至少有两年的服役经验。训练为期九个月，

and includes such things as a 36-mi march in just 24 hours.

其中包括在短短24小时内行军36英里。

With Pakistan's borders always on high alert, 短語搭配

由于巴基斯坦的边境始终处于高度戒备状态，

these are some very courageous soldiers that,

这里的士兵非常勇敢，

unlike some units on this list,

与本榜单上的其他一些部队不同，

are in danger throughout much of their careers.

他们在大部分职业生涯中都处于危险之中。

Number eight,

第八名，

GSG 9,

德国，

Germany.

GSG 9。

One might think that compared to SSG, 表達脈絡

有人可能会认为，与SSG相比，

Germany's Grenzschutzgruppe 9 is not very busy.

德国第九国境防卫队并不算太忙碌。

But as a police tactical unit,

但作为一支警察战术单位，

they are involved with matters not so much concerning protecting borders, 語法

他们的工作与其说是保护边境，

but stepping in when the job is too big for the police. 短語動詞

不如说是当警察难以应对时介入处理。

This might include terrorism,

这可能包括恐怖主义，

but also kidnapping and extortion.

还有绑架和勒索。

Their last known mission,

比如，

for instance,

他们最近一次广为人知的任务，

was the 2016 mass shooting in Munich.

就是2016年慕尼黑的大规模枪击事件。

They've even been involved in taking down Hells Angels. 講解

他们甚至参与过捣毁地狱天使黑帮的行动。

They may not have the most rigorous training on this list,

他们也许没有本榜单上最严苛的训练，

but as a special police unit,

但作为一支特别警察部队，

they are hard to beat. 習語

他们是很难被击败的。

Number seven,

第七名，

MARCOS,

印度，

India.

MARCOS。

The Marine Commando Force is India's version of the US's Navy Seals 短語搭配

海军突击队是印度版的海豹突击队，

or the UK's SBS.

或者是英国的SBS。

Their motto is The Few,

他们的座右铭是“少数人，

The Fearless.

无畏者”。

They deal with anything from counter terrorism 語法

他们的任务范围从反恐

to fighting pirates and operations underwater.

到打击海盗和水下作战。

In 2015,

2015年，

the India Times gave 15 reasons why this special forces outfit was the best in the world,

《印度时报》给出了15个理由，说明为什么这支特种部队是世界上最好的，

although the evidence was no more compelling than a few other units on this list could provide. 語法

尽管这些证据并不比本榜单上其他几支部队所能提供的更有说服力。

They do have a very difficult 2 to 3-yr training period,

他们的确有长达2到3年的极其艰难的训练期，

as it's a continuous process,

因为这是一个持续的过程，

and apparently 80% of trainees drop out early. 短語動詞

显然有80%的受训者在早期就被淘汰。

It includes 5 weeks of hell,

其中包括5周的地狱周，

according to the Times,

据《时报》报道，

consisting of long marches,

包括长途跋涉、

sleep deprivation,

剥夺睡眠，

and arms training.

以及武器训练。

If they pass that,

如果通过了这些，

they then do their parachute and diving training.

他们接下来会进行跳伞和潜水训练。

As India has all the perfect spots for intense training,

因为印度拥有所有适合高强度训练的绝佳地点，

MARCOS spend a lot of time being thrown into the jungle and left on mountains.

MARCOS花了很多时间被扔进丛林和留在山上。

One commando said he did the Navy Seals course with ease during an exchange program. 短語搭配

一名突击队员说，在一次交流项目中他轻松地完成了海豹突击队的课程。

Number six,

第六名，

Delta Force.

三角洲部队。

The USA's Delta Force is a special unit of the army

美国的三角洲部队是陆军的一支特种部队，

that deals mostly with hostage rescue and counter terrorism.

主要负责营救人质和反恐。

It was actually formed for that in the 1970s

它实际上是为了应对20世纪70年代

following a slew of terrorist attacks. 用詞

发生的一系列恐怖袭击而成立的。

The unit is relatively small with just 1,000 soldiers,

这支部队规模相对较小，只有1000名士兵，

around 300 of whom are trained for direct action. 語法

其中约300人接受过直接行动的训练。

Recruits are taken from the military when they have enough experience,

新兵是从拥有足够经验的军队中挑选出来的，

and as it's a very secretive unit,

而且由于这是一支非常机密的部队，

recruits have to get past many security checks 短語動詞

新兵必须通过许多安全审查，

and must also have never incurred a court martial. 文化背景

并且必须从未受过军事法庭审判。

You also have to pass a series of physical tests,

你还必须通过一系列体能测试，

such as hikes with a 40-lb backpack,

比如背着40磅的背包徒步，

and also be able to run 2 mi and swim 100 m fully clothed.

以及能够穿着全套衣服跑2英里并游100米。

It doesn't sound as grueling as the Seals,

这听起来不如海豹突击队那么折磨人，

but trainees will also be pushed to their psychological limits under interrogations. 習語

但受训者在审讯下也会被逼到心理极限。

Number five,

第五名，

Alpha Group,

俄罗斯，

Russia.

阿尔法小组。

Of course,

当然，

Russia has an excellent special forces unit with such a powerful military.

拥有如此强大军力的俄罗斯拥有一支卓越的特种部队。

The Alpha Group is what the name says,

阿尔法小组人如其名，

the best soldiers in all of Russia.

是全俄罗斯最好的士兵。

Created by the KGB in 1974, 語法

该部队由克格勃于1974年创立，

the unit helps with police matters,

协助处理警方事务，

but also with military matters.

但也参与军事事务。

This might relate to terrorism,

这可能涉及恐怖主义、

hostage taking,

劫持人质，

and covert operations in and outside the country. 用詞

以及在国内外进行的隐蔽行动。

One such internal operation included the 1983 hijacking of Aeroflot flight 6833,

1983年俄罗斯航空6833航班劫机事件就是其中一次国内行动，

which unfortunately resulted in the loss of life of five hostages, 用詞

遗憾的是，这次事件导致了五名人质丧生，

but also the capture and killing of the hijackers.

但也抓获并击毙了劫机者。

They were also heavily involved with the Soviet War in Afghanistan.

他们还深度参与了苏联在阿富汗的战争。

Training lasts 3 years

训练为期3年，

and you must be between 22 and 27 years old to start.

开始训练时你的年龄必须在22岁到27岁之间。

They only want the smartest soldiers,

他们只想要最聪明的士兵，

so you must have a university education to join.

所以你必须拥有大学学历才能加入。

You'll then have to pass a series of physical tests

然后你必须通过一系列体能测试，

and also diving,

还有潜水、

sniper operations,

狙击手行动、

parachuting,

跳伞，

and martial arts.

和武术。

Number four,

第四名，

SBS.

SBS。

The Special Boat Service is the UK's wet version of the SAS 習語

特殊舟艇部队是英国水上版本的SAS，

and has similarities to the Navy Seals.

与海豹突击队有相似之处。

Like the SAS,

像SAS一样，

it was formed during World War II

它成立于第二次世界大战期间，

as a special covert unit often working behind enemy lines.

作为一支特别隐蔽部队，经常在敌后行动。

The training is quite similar to that of the SAS, 語法

训练与SAS非常相似，

although obviously recruits have much more challenging training in the water.

尽管新兵在水中的训练显然更具挑战性。

In fact,

事实上，

according to an elite forces website in the UK,

根据英国一家精英部队网站的说法，

SBS soldiers believe they are better trained

SBS士兵认为自己受过的训练更好，

because the ocean is a much more challenging environment than land.

因为海洋是比陆地更具挑战性的环境。

The counter argument is that the SAS are more involved in conflicts 表達脈絡

反对的观点是，SAS更多地卷入冲突中，

and are better funded,

并且资金更充足，

so they are put to much more use.

所以他们被派上用场的机会也多得多。

Number three,

第三名，

Sayeret Matkal,

野小子特种部队。

Israel.

以色列。

Otherwise known as the General Staff Reconnaissance Unit 269, 短語搭配

又称总参谋部侦察部队第269部队，

this special forces unit,

这支特种部队，

like the SAS,

像SAS一样，

spends much of its time behind enemy lines.

它的大部分时间都在敌后度过。

In fact,

事实上，

it shares the same motto of Who Dares Wins. 習語

它与SAS共享同样的座右铭“勇者必胜”。

It was formed in the 1950s

它成立于20世纪50年代，

and the small unit consisted of hand-picked men who were not just physically strong, 講解

这支小部队由精挑细选的人组成，他们不仅身体强壮，

but showed superior intelligence to other soldiers.

而且表现出比其他士兵更卓越的智慧。

Recruitment camp itself is reported as hell,

招募营本身就被称为地狱，

with the young men going through intense physical training without much sleep. 短語動詞

年轻人们在没有太多睡眠的情况下经历高强度的体能训练。

If they get through that,

如果他们熬过了这一关，

secondary training lasts for almost 2 years.

第二阶段的训练将持续将近2年。

This will consist of large and small arms training,

这将包括大型和轻型武器训练、

navigation and reconnaissance,

导航和侦察、

martial arts,

武术，

and an insanely long 75-mi march.

以及一次长达75英里的疯狂行军。

After that,

在那之后，

they will specialize in one or more skills.

他们将专攻一项或多项技能。

Number two,

第二名，

US Navy Seals.

美国海军海豹突击队。

The Seals are renowned for breaking 習語

海豹突击队以摧残

people, and as you will know from our show on this unit,

人的意志而闻名，正如你可能从我们关于这支部队的节目中了解到，

very few people actually make it through the training. 短語動詞

实际上很少有人能完成训练。

Not only that, 表達脈絡

不仅如此，

just in the last few years there have been instances of deaths occurring during recruitment,

就在过去几年里，招募期间也曾发生过死亡事件，

which have occurred in the training pool and elsewhere.

这些事件发生在训练池和其他地方。

In fact,

事实上，

in 2016,

在2016年，

it was reported that the nine deaths during training from 2013 to 2016

据报道，从2013年到2016年，在训练中死亡的九人

was more than happened in actual combat.

比实际战斗中的死亡人数还要多。

Although we should say that these were not only due to training,

虽然我们必须指出，这些不仅仅是训练直接造成的，

but the consequences of the stresses of going through it.

也是经历这些极限压力带来的后果。

Recruits experience a personal hell, 表達脈絡

新兵们经历了私人的地狱，

literally,

毫不夸张地说，

as the worst of the training is called Hell Week.

因为最糟糕的训练被称为地狱周。

This is when most people drop out.

这是大多数人退出的阶段。

If you do manage to get through it all,

如果你真的成功挺了过来，

there is no doubt you are one tough cookie. 習語

毫无疑问你是个硬汉。

You'll also have some of the best military acumen in the world. 用詞

你还将拥有世界上最敏锐的军事头脑。

Number one,

第一名，

British SAS.

英国特种空勤团(SAS)。

You may be wondering why we are putting the SAS above the Seals, 表達脈絡

你可能想知道为什么我们把SAS排在海豹突击队之上，

a unit that has seen its fair share of deaths during training.

毕竟海豹突击队在训练中也出现了不少死亡事件。

The difference is the SAS has a more vigorous,

区别在于SAS有更强烈的，

some might say torturous, 語氣意圖

有人可能会说是折磨人的，

mental training.

心理训练。

The physical training seems as difficult as the Seals training

体能训练似乎和海豹突击队的训练一样难，

and you are expected to navigate through jungles in Belize and Borneo,

你被期望能在伯利兹和婆罗洲的丛林中穿梭，

as well as make your way out of mountain ranges carrying a heavy backpack and weapons. 講解

并背着沉重的背包和武器走出山脉。

This is where the deaths occurred recently,

这就是最近发生死亡事件的地方，

but there is something even more brutal

但还有更残酷的，

and that is the psychological training of the SAS.

那就是SAS的心理训练。

Veterans have said you might get injured doing the physical stuff,

老兵们说过，你在做体能训练时可能会受伤，

but when the trainers get into your head, 習語

但当教官们开始折磨你的精神时，

many people cannot stand this. 用詞

很多人根本无法忍受。

It will include humiliation techniques,

它将包括羞辱手段，

being held in stress positions,

被迫保持压力姿势，

getting no sleep or food or water,

剥夺睡眠、食物或水，

having music blasted at you, 語法

被大音量的音乐狂轰滥炸，

and even being locked in small cages.

甚至被锁在小笼子里。

The sadistic Brits,

施虐的英国佬，

eh? 語氣意圖

是吧？

Another thing about the SAS is that you work closely with MI5 and MI6,

关于SAS的另一件事是，你将与军情五处和军情六处密切合作，

which basically makes you both a soldier and a spy.

这基本上让你既是一名士兵也是一名间谍。

So,

那么，

based on everything you heard about these elite special forces units,

基于你对这些精英特种部队的了解，

which do you think is the best?

你觉得哪一支最好？

Let us know in the comments.

在评论区告诉我们吧。

Also,

另外，

be sure to check out our other video called American Soldier versus British Soldier.

一定要去看看我们的另一个视频，叫做《美国士兵对决英国士兵》。

Thanks for watching

感谢收看，

and as always,

和往常一样，

don't forget to like,

别忘了点赞、

share,

分享，

and subscribe.

和订阅。

See you next time.

下次见。