肯尼迪遇刺案——真相究竟是什么？：英语精读讲义

They say that everybody who was alive at the time remembers the day it happened

人们说，当时还活着的人都记得那一天发生的事情，

and that it was one of the most shocking events in recent American history. 語法

并且那是美国近代史上最令人震惊的事件之一。

A president rides along in an open top limousine

一位总统乘坐敞篷豪华轿车，

on a bright November day in Dallas, Texas.

行驶在德克萨斯州达拉斯市11月一个明媚的日子里。

The sound of gunfire rips through the air 習語

枪声划破了天空，

and onlookers are horrified as the most powerful man in America slumps forward.

旁观者惊恐地看到这位美国最有权势的人向前倒下。

The day that changed history

改变历史的这一天，

was followed by some of the most widely believed 短語搭配

随后引发了一些流传最广的

conspiracy theories of modern times.

现代阴谋论。

The bizarre chain of deaths following the presidents

总统死后发生的一连串离奇死亡事件，

did little to quash these conspiracy theories. 語法

丝毫未能平息这些阴谋论。

But what do we know happened

但是关于到底发生了什么，我们知道些什么呢？

and what do we have yet to learn 語法

关于那个命运决定之日所发生的事件，

about the events of that fateful day?

我们还有哪些未解之谜？

That's what we're about to find out in this episode of the Infographics Show. 語法

这就是我们要在本期《信息图解秀》中一探究竟的内容。

What do we know and not know about the JFK assassination?

关于肯尼迪遇刺案，我们知道什么，又不知道什么？

Dallas, Texas, November 22nd at 12:30 p.m.

德克萨斯州达拉斯市，11月22日中午12点30分。

The 35th president of the United States is fatally shot 用詞

美国第35任总统遭到致命枪击，

as he rides in his open top limousine.

遇刺时他正坐在敞篷轿车里。

He was announced dead at Parkland Memorial Hospital.

他在帕克兰纪念医院被宣布死亡。

Former US Marine and communist Lee Harvey Oswald

前美国海军陆战队队员、共产主义者李·哈维·奥斯瓦尔德，

was arrested by the Dallas police

被达拉斯警方逮捕，

about 70 minutes after the shooting

逮捕时间大约在枪击事件发生70分钟后，

and charged under Texas state law 用詞

并根据德克萨斯州法律被起诉，

with the murder of John F. Kennedy.

罪名是谋杀约翰·F·肯尼迪。

In a strange twist, two days later, 表達脈絡

离奇的是，两天后，

with live television cameras filming,

在电视直播镜头的拍摄下，

Oswald was fatally shot at police headquarters

奥斯瓦尔德在警察总部被致命枪击，

by Jack Ruby, a nightclub owner.

开枪的是夜总会老板杰克·鲁比。

Oswald was taken to Parkland Memorial Hospital

奥斯瓦尔德被送往帕克兰纪念医院，

where he was pronounced dead 短語搭配

在那里被宣布死亡，

and Ruby was convicted of Oswald's murder

鲁比因谋杀奥斯瓦尔德被定罪，

and died in prison four years later.

并在四年后死于狱中。

A 10-month investigation by the Warren Commission 文化背景

沃伦委员会经过10个月的调查，

concluded that Oswald acted alone in killing JFK, 短語搭配

得出结论，奥斯瓦尔德是单独行动刺杀了肯尼迪，

who was the fourth American president to be assassinated.

肯尼迪是第四位遇刺身亡的美国总统。

The others were Lincoln, Garfield, and McKinley.

其他三位分别是林肯、加菲尔德和麦金莱。

A 1964 report also concluded that,

1964年的一份报告还得出结论：

one, the shots were fired from the sixth floor window

第一，子弹是从六楼窗户射出的，

at the southeast corner of the Texas School Book Depository,

该窗户位于德克萨斯州教科书仓库大楼的东南角；

two, the shots were fired by Lee Harvey Oswald,

第二，开枪的人是李·哈维·奥斯瓦尔德；

and three, there's no evidence that either Lee Harvey Oswald

第三，没有证据表明李·哈维·奥斯瓦尔德

or Jack Ruby were part of any

或是杰克·鲁比参与了任何

conspiracy, domestic or foreign.

阴谋，无论是国内的还是国外的。

In a 1979 Warren Commission

在1979年的沃伦委员会调查之后，

the United States Select Committee on Assassinations

美国刺杀事件特别委员会

concluded that Kennedy was probably assassinated

得出结论认为肯尼迪大概率是死于

as a result of a conspiracy. 短語搭配

一场阴谋。

An analysis of audio recordings suggests

对音频记录的分析表明，

that a second gun was used during the incident.

在事件中使用了第二把枪。

John F. Kennedy's assassination

约翰·F·肯尼迪遇刺案

is still subject to a cross-the-board debate

至今仍是各界广泛争论的话题，

and is one of the most prevalent conspiracy theories today.

并且是当今最盛行的阴谋论之一。

New documents relating to the event 語法

与该事件相关的新文件

are currently being released by America's current president, Donald Trump.

目前正由时任美国总统唐纳德·特朗普解密发布。

A poll conducted from 1966 to 2004

在1966年至2004年期间进行的一项民意调查

discovered that up to 80% of Americans 用詞

发现，多达80%的美国人

still suspect that there was some sort of plot or cover-up. 用詞

依然怀疑其中存在某种阴谋或掩盖行为。

Some people believe that a second gunman

有人认为有第二名枪手

fired from the grassy knoll 文化背景

从草坡上开枪，

as the president's open top limousine passed.

当时总统的敞篷轿车正好经过。

Jefferson Morley, a former Washington Post reporter

杰斐逊·莫利是一名前《华盛顿邮报》记者，

who has written several books on the incident, says,

他写过多本关于该事件的书，他说：

"I've never written about a conspiracy theory.

"我从未写过阴谋论。

I report facts about the assassination.

我只报道遇刺案的事实。

Look at the Zapruder film," 文化背景

看看泽普鲁德的录像吧，"

he says in reference to home footage of the event.

他提到这段记录事件的家庭录像时说道。

Kennedy's head goes flying backwards.

"肯尼迪的头向后仰去。

I know there's a theory

我知道有一种理论，

that if you get hit by a bullet from behind,

说如果你从背后被子弹击中，

the head goes towards the source of the bullet.

头部会向着子弹飞来的方向倒去。

But as a common sense explanation,

但作为一种符合常识的解释，

it seems very unlikely.

这似乎极不可能。

That sure looks like a shot from the front. 語氣意圖

那明明就像是从正前方射来的一枪。"

What do we know about Oswald?

关于奥斯瓦尔德我们知道些什么？

He was born on October 18th, 1939

他出生于1939年10月18日，

and was an American Marxist and ex-Marine.

是一名美国马克思主义者和前海军陆战队队员。

He lived in the Belarusian city of Minsk

他曾居住在白俄罗斯城市明斯克

in the Soviet Union from October 1959 to June 1962.

（当时属于苏联），时间是1959年10月到1962年6月。

He returned to the United States with his Russian wife, Marina,

他带着俄罗斯妻子玛丽娜回到了美国，

and eventually settled in Dallas.

最终定居在达拉斯。

So, what don't we know about the assassination?

那么，关于这起刺杀事件我们还有什么不知道的呢？

Well, the fact that nobody kept a written

事实是，没有人保留书面的

record of Oswald's interview alerts suspicion

对奥斯瓦尔德的审问笔录，这引发了人们的怀疑，

and leaves much unknown.

也留下了许多未解之谜。

Every policeman involved violated standard procedures

所有涉案警察都违反了

on interviewing detainees.

审问被拘留者的标准程序。

In the 1960s, notes were always kept,

在20世纪60年代，笔录都是必须保留的，

but for some reason, these records have gone missing. 短語搭配

但出于某种原因，这些记录都不翼而飞了。

This was the assassination of the most powerful man in America

这是对美国最有权势人物的暗杀，

and standard protocols were not followed. 語法

但标准程序却没有得到遵守。

There's one hell of an information gap right there, 習語

这里显然存在着一个巨大的信息鸿沟，

but just why do onlookers shout conspiracy anyhow?

但旁观者究竟为何纷纷高呼这是阴谋呢？

Why would the government kill its own president?

为什么政府会杀死自己的总统？

Well, it seems JFK was planning to withdraw from Vietnam

看来肯尼迪原本计划从越南撤军，

and the Cold War

并打算结束冷战，

and the theory goes that too many corporations 表達脈絡

有理论认为，有太多的企业

had begun to depend on the war economy

已经开始依赖战争经济，

and would have suffered huge losses 語法

并且会遭受巨大损失，

had JFK continued on his peaceful trip.

如果肯尼迪继续他的和平之旅的话。

That's one of the theories,

这是其中一种理论，

but the bizarre red flags are what really keep

但那些离奇的疑点才是真正让

the conspiracy theorists chomping at the bit. 習語

阴谋论者按捺不住的原因。

Red flags such as the one raised by Jack Ruby's 習語

比如杰克·鲁比

lone wolf attack on Oswald in a police basement. 用詞

在警察局地下室对奥斯瓦尔德发起的独狼式袭击就是个疑点。

Why would he do it?

他为什么要这么做？

Is such an attack not simply suicide?

这样的袭击难道不简直是自杀吗？

And then the sudden death of Ruby a few years later

几年后鲁比的突然死亡，

also raises suspicion.

同样引起了人们的怀疑。

Had the Secret Service visited Ruby in jail?

特勤局是否在狱中探视过鲁比？

Was he ready to talk?

他是不是准备开口了？

Then there's that photo of Oswald

还有奥斯瓦尔德那张照片，

that did the rounds in the press after his arrest. 習語

在他被捕后，那张照片在媒体上四处流传。

It was thought that the image of Oswald holding a rifle,

人们认为那张奥斯瓦尔德手持步枪的图像，

published in the press,

也就是报纸上发表的那张，

was in fact a faked image.

实际上是一张伪造的照片。

An image of Oswald's face was superimposed 用詞

奥斯瓦尔德脸部的图像被叠加到了

onto the body of another man.

另一个男人的身体上。

Although the faked photo claim has been debunked by experts, 講解

尽管伪造照片的说法已经被专家揭穿，

the red flag remains in people's consciousness.

但这个疑点依然留存在人们的潜意识中。

Then there's the umbrella man, 文化背景

接下来是“雨伞人”，

a figure holding an umbrella on that tragic sunny day is thought by some conspiracy theorists 語法

在那个悲剧性的晴天，一个举着雨伞的身影被一些阴谋论者认为

to be signaling to a gunman or gunmen.

是在向一名或多名枪手发信号。

The umbrella man was caught

那个雨伞人被捕捉到了，

on a home video recording of the event

出现在一段记录该事件的家庭录像中，

and added to the conspiracy myth.

并为这起阴谋神话增添了色彩。

In 2017, the US government released

2017年，美国政府解密了

2800 previously classified files related to the assassination 用詞

2800份之前被列为机密的与遇刺案相关的文件，

and we can conclude from those pages the following: 表達脈絡

从那些文件中我们可以得出以下结论：

The FBI warned Dallas police of a threat to kill Oswald

联邦调查局曾警告达拉斯警方有人威胁要杀死奥斯瓦尔德，

according to a memo by Director J. Edgar Hoover,

这是根据局长J·埃德加·胡佛的一份备忘录得出的，

but the police in Dallas, for whatever reason, 語氣意圖

但达拉斯的警方，无论出于什么原因，

failed to protect him.

却未能保护他。

The FBI Dallas division was trying to track Oswald down 短語動詞

联邦调查局达拉斯分局曾试图追踪奥斯瓦尔德，

in the days leading up to the assassination. 短語搭配

就在遇刺案发生前的那几天。

He was of interest to the Bureau according to Cuban sources. 用詞

根据古巴方面的消息源，调查局对他很感兴趣。

Pages from the file indicate that Oswald's killer, Jack Ruby,

文件中提到，奥斯瓦尔德的杀手杰克·鲁比，

operated a shady bar with no interference from the police department

经营着一家可疑的酒吧，且未受到警察局的任何干涉，

according to an FBI informant who shared the information

这是一个联邦调查局的线人分享的信息，

days after Ruby was shot dead.

时间是在鲁比被击毙几天后。

The informant also went on to say 短語動詞

该线人还继续说道，

he was surprised that Ruby actually killed Oswald

他很惊讶鲁比真的杀了奥斯瓦尔德，

rather than simply wounding him in the leg to get publicity. 語法

而不是仅仅打伤他的腿来博取关注。

On the 24th of November, Hoover had begun to fear

在11月24日，胡佛已经开始担心

about a conspiracy theory arising, stating,

会出现阴谋论，他声称：

"The thing I am concerned about is having something issued 語法

"我关心的是必须发布一些消息，

so that we can convince the public that Oswald is the real assassin."

以便让公众相信奥斯瓦尔德才是真正的刺客。"

There's two ways to read that memo. 表達脈絡

解读这份备忘录有两种方式。

Either the head of the FBI is concerned 語法

要么是这位联邦调查局局长担心

that the real conspiracy plot will be unraveled

真正的阴谋将被揭开，

or he thinks that

要么就是他认为，

circumstances surrounding the death of the president

围绕总统死亡的种种情况

are so bizarre, it seems like a conspiracy.

实在是太离奇了，看起来就像是一场阴谋。

So, what do you think?

那么，你是怎么看的呢？

Was the JFK assassination part of a conspiracy?

肯尼迪遇刺案是一场阴谋的一部分吗？

And who else might have been involved?

还有谁可能卷入其中？

Let us know your thoughts in the comments.

请在评论区告诉我们你的想法。

Also, be sure to watch our other video

此外，也一定要去看看我们的另一个视频，

called "Weirdest Phobias People Suffer from".

叫做《人们患有的最奇怪的恐惧症》。

Thanks for watching and as always,

感谢观看，和往常一样，

don't forget to like, share, and subscribe.

别忘了点赞、分享并订阅。

See you next time.

我们下次再见。