你的手机在偷听你说话吗？：英语精读讲义

You are having a coffee with a close friend and bring up how you need a new bathing suit. 短語動詞

你正和一位好友喝咖啡，聊到自己需要买一件新泳衣。

Then bam, all of a sudden there are ads on your phone for bathing suits. 短語搭配

结果“砰”的一下，你的手机上突然全是泳衣广告。

Our smartphones are with us at all times, 短語搭配

智能手机时时刻刻都陪在我们身边，

but are companies and governments using them to spy on us? 短語搭配

但企业和政府是否也在利用它们监视我们？

You may be suspicious for a good reason.

你的怀疑也许并非毫无道理。

A New York Times piece uncovered that 用詞

《纽约时报》的一篇报道揭露，

thousands of apps including gaming apps for kids

包括儿童游戏应用在内的数千款应用

are equipped with the software Alphonso. 短語搭配

都装有 Alphonso 软件。

Alphonso uses your smartphone microphone

Alphonso 会使用智能手机的麦克风，

to listen to the ads that you are watching on TV.

监听你在电视上看到的广告。

It uses audio signals

它利用音频信号

to collect TV viewing data in order for advertisers 語法

收集电视观看数据，好让广告商

to personally promote things to you online.

在网上向你定向推销商品。

Alphonso claims to not record human speech. 語法

Alphonso 声称不会录下人类说话的声音。

Facebook has created a device called Pixel,

Facebook 开发了一款名为 Pixel 的工具，

which is designed as a way to continue tracking you online 短語搭配

用来继续追踪你的网上活动，

even after you've left a website.

哪怕你已经离开了某个网站。

By dropping a small piece of data called a cookie, 講解

它会植入一小段叫作 Cookie 的数据，

your device will now remember information

这样你的设备就会记住各种信息，

like how long you linger on a certain item 用詞

比如你浏览某件商品时停留了多久，

and whether you added anything to your shopping cart

以及你是否把某样东西加入购物车

but didn't purchase it.

却没有购买。

Millions of websites use Facebook Pixel,

数百万个网站都在使用 Facebook Pixel，

which is why the hat you didn't end up buying follows you around Facebook forever. 講解

所以那顶你最后没买的帽子才会永远在 Facebook 上阴魂不散。

But sites like Facebook even follow you offline

不过，Facebook 这类网站甚至还会在线下追踪你，

and have been known to purchase information 語法

而且据悉还会购买相关信息，

and create a database of over 52,000 different attributes about you.

并建立数据库，记录与你有关的 52,000 多项不同特征。

For example, Facebook buys data from supermarket loyalty programs. 文化背景

例如，Facebook 会从超市的会员奖励计划中购买数据。

So if you have a points card with a grocery store,

所以，如果你有某家超市的积分卡，

Facebook may be paying to understand your purchasing patterns, 短語搭配

Facebook 可能会花钱了解你的消费模式，

potentially learning about what you eat

从而推测你平时吃什么，

or even what type of toothpaste you use.

甚至用哪一种牙膏。

So your phone can listen to you,

所以，你的手机不但能听你说话，

but it can also follow you as well.

还能一路追踪你。

Every time you receive a text or use data to load an app,

每当你收到短信，或使用流量加载某个应用时，

companies can log and retain your location 短語搭配

企业都可以记录并保存你的位置，

based on the cell tower and cellular antenna you connected to.

依据就是你连接的手机基站和蜂窝天线。

The precision of location has increased over time

定位精度随着时间不断提高，

and can paint a detailed picture of where you go. 習語

足以详细描绘出你去过哪些地方。

So your phone may start sending you ads for swimsuits

所以，你的手机可能会开始向你推送泳衣广告，

because you were just physically in or near a surf shop.

只因为你刚刚去过冲浪用品店，或从附近经过。

These companies will claim they aren't doing anything you haven't agreed to 語法

这些公司会辩称，它们做的事都经过了你的同意，

as you have accepted the privacy policy

因为你已经接受了隐私政策，

that allows the collection of your information.

而政策允许它们收集你的信息。

And did you read the fine print? 習語

那么，那些小字条款你读了吗？

Probably not.

多半没有。

A study presented 543 participants 短語搭配

一项研究向 543 名参与者

with a fake app called NameDrop

提供了一款名为 NameDrop 的虚假应用，

to see how many would read

看看其中有多少人会阅读

the privacy policy and terms of service. 文化背景

隐私政策和服务条款。

74% skipped reading the agreement altogether,

74% 的人直接跳过了整份协议，

and those who did read it didn't do a great job. 語法

而那些读了的人也没读得多认真。

98% of participants missed the gotcha clauses, 用詞

98% 的参与者都没发现其中的陷阱条款，

which included sharing all your data with the NSA,

包括把你的所有数据分享给 NSA、

your employer,

你的雇主，

and agreeing to provide your firstborn child as payment.

以及同意交出你的第一个孩子作为报酬。

And what about the rise of smart speakers like Google Home and Amazon Alexa,

再看看日益普及的 Google Home、Amazon Alexa 等智能音箱，

which are designed to listen to you at all times?

它们的设计不就是要时时刻刻听你说话吗？

Though they are supposed to only record your voice when given prompts like "Okay, Google." 語法

不过，按理说只有听到“Okay, Google”之类的提示语时，它们才会录下你的声音。

Recently,

最近，

a couple found that Amazon's Alexa recorded a private conversation 用詞

有一对夫妇发现，Amazon Alexa 录下了他们的私人谈话，

and then randomly sent it to a friend.

随后竟把录音随机发给了一个朋友。

These are deemed unfortunate glitches,

这类事件被视为不幸的系统故障，

but what if someone gained access to them? 講解

可要是有人取得了这些设备的访问权限呢？

As Wi-Fi networks and mobile internet devices are easier to hack than you might think. 短語搭配

毕竟，Wi-Fi 网络和移动联网设备比你想象中更容易遭到入侵。

Your typical wireless internet information is kept confidential

一般来说，你的无线网络信息之所以能保密，

by being converted from a readable state to nonsense at the access point 語法

是因为它会在接入点从可读内容转换成一堆乱码，

and then converted back to a readable state

然后再转换回可读内容，

when you use the correct Wi-Fi password from your computer.

前提是你在电脑上输入了正确的 Wi-Fi 密码。

When internet moved from physically wired networks to wireless technology,

当互联网从实体有线网络转向无线技术后，

it became easier to hack and less secure 語法

网络就变得更容易被入侵，也更不安全，

because the encryption schemes are relatively simple.

因为其加密机制相对简单。

For example,

例如，

your webcam can be hacked by creating a remote access tool, 文化背景

黑客可以创建远程访问工具，入侵你的网络摄像头，

which is the digital equivalent 表達脈絡

这种工具在数字世界里就相当于

of someone adding an unlocked window to your home without you even noticing. 語法

有人趁你毫无察觉，给你家装了一扇没上锁的窗户。

Also,

另外，

the FBI agent meme isn't far from the truth 習語

关于 FBI 探员的那个梗，其实离真相并不远，

as the FBI is known to use phishing, 文化背景

因为众所周知，FBI 会使用网络钓鱼手段，

which is slipping a link into a message

也就是悄悄把一个链接塞进消息里，

that is labeled in a misleading way.

再给它加上误导性的说明。

When you hit the link, 用詞

当你点击这个链接时，

your device connects to the FBI's computer,

你的设备就会连接到 FBI 的电脑，

downloading malware, 語法

并下载恶意软件，

which is then able to covertly spy on you.

恶意软件随后便能暗中监视你。

Long story short, 表達脈絡

长话短说，

your phone is capable of listening to you, 講解

你的手机可以听你说话、

following you,

追踪你，

and even watching you.

甚至看着你。

If online security and privacy is important to you,

如果你重视网络安全和隐私，

make sure you check out today's sponsor of our video, NordVPN,

一定要看看本期视频的赞助商 NordVPN，

who's offering you 77% off of a three-year plan

它的三年套餐现在可享 77% 优惠，

if you use the promo code AsapScience or go to nordvpn.com/asapscience.

只要使用优惠码 AsapScience 或访问 nordvpn.com/asapscience 即可。

VPNs or virtual private networks 文化背景

VPN，也就是虚拟专用网络，

encrypt your internet traffic and mask your identity online 短語搭配

会加密你的互联网流量，并隐藏你的网络身份，

so people can't see what you're searching

这样别人就看不到你搜索了什么，

or get access to your private information.

也无法获取你的私人信息。

NordVPN is the world's most advanced VPN service using military-grade encryption.

NordVPN 是全球最先进的 VPN 服务，采用军用级加密技术。

They also offer a super fast experience with almost no impact on speed while using it.

它还提供超快的使用体验，连接后对网速几乎没有影响。

It has features like an automatic kill switch,

它的功能包括自动断网开关、

browser proxy extension,

浏览器代理扩展程序、

ad blocking,

广告拦截

and many more.

以及更多功能。

NordVPN even bypasses the Great Firewall of China 文化背景

NordVPN 甚至可以绕过中国防火长城，

and works in the Middle East where not all VPNs work.

在其他 VPN 未必能用的中东地区也可以正常使用。

With 4,300 servers and counting in 62 countries, 短語搭配

它在 62 个国家设有超过 4,300 台服务器，数量还在增加，

they're constantly growing and expanding,

而且还在不断发展壮大，

which separates them from other providers.

这让它有别于其他服务商。

On top of all this,

除此之外，

you can use it on six devices simultaneously,

你还可以同时在六台设备上使用它，

like your phone,

比如手机、

your computer,

电脑、

your tablet,

平板电脑，

so that you're protecting your information at all times,

从而随时保护自己的信息，

including if you're on public Wi-Fi.

即使使用公共 Wi-Fi 时也不例外。

Again,

再说一次，

you can use the promo code AsapScience

你可以使用优惠码 AsapScience，

or head to nordvpn.com/asapscience

或访问 nordvpn.com/asapscience，

to get 77% off of a three-year plan

享受三年套餐 77% 的折扣，

and start protecting your privacy online.

从现在开始保护你的网络隐私。

Thanks so much for watching

非常感谢大家观看，

and we'll see you next Thursday for a new science video.

下周四的新一期科学视频，我们再见。

Peace.

拜拜。