爱尔兰马铃薯大饥荒的真正原因——斯蒂芬妮·汉切尔·史密斯 (Stephanie Honchell Smith)：英语精读讲义

使用 in the fall of + 年份这一结构补全句子：____ 1999, the museum opened its new wing.

使用 dot 的过去式表达“零星分布在……各处”：Small farms ____ the valley.

用本课表示“超过某段时间”的两个词补全句子：The library has served the town ____ 100 years.

用 thrive 的两个词构成的过去完成时补全句子：Before the highway bypassed the town, its small hotels ____ for decades.

哪句话把目标表达用作两个并列的名词短语？

1. The expedition was delayed by rough terrain and the weather unpredictably.
2. The expedition was delayed by rough terrain and unpredictable weather.
3. The expedition was delayed by terrain was rough and weather was unpredictable.

哪句话正确使用了句首的 Packed with ... 短语？

1. Packed protein, the snack is a good choice after exercise.
2. Packed with protein, athletes eat the snack after exercise.
3. Packed with protein, the snack is a good choice after exercise.

把 nutrient 和 rich 组合成目标复合形容词：Lentils are a ____ food.

补全 make it easy for someone to do 结构：Clear menus make ____ users to find the settings.

哪句话表示这座桥最迟到18世纪中叶已经成为该市的主要过河通道？

1. Until the mid-18th century, the bridge had become the city's main crossing.
2. By the mid-18th century, the bridge had become the city's main crossing.
3. In the mid-18th century, the bridge became the city's main crossing.

请用 supplant 的过去完成时完成句子。这个正式动词表示“取代并接替原有作用”：By 1910, electric streetcars ____ horse-drawn streetcars on many city routes.

哪句话中的 since 用来引出原因？

1. She has known him since childhood.
2. I have lived here since 2021.
3. Since the train was canceled, we took the bus.

用 export 的一般过去时被动语态补全句子：The goods ____ to Canada last year.

用 live on 的过去式完成句子：During the long trip, the crew ____ rice and dried fruit.

哪句话表示园丁发现叶子时，叶子已经变黑、干瘪并起皱？

1. The gardener found the leaves blackened and shriveled.
2. The gardener blackened the leaves and found them.
3. The gardener found the leaves before they shriveled.

用由两个词组成的目标结构补全句子：____ arrive before 9 may choose their seats.

哪句话自然地把表示症状的名词短语直接作 suffer 的宾语？

1. The hikers suffered from severely leg cramps after the climb.
2. The hikers suffered severe leg cramps after the climb.
3. The hikers got suffered severe leg cramps after the climb.

哪句话自然地用 culprit 表示反复断电的非人为原因？

1. After the inspection, the loose wire was innocent.
2. After the inspection, the culprit was a loose wire.
3. After the inspection, the loose wire was a witness.

哪种写法符合科学双名通常使用的大小写规则？

1. phytophthora infestans
2. Phytophthora Infestans
3. Phytophthora infestans

哪句话正确使用了 flourish in，表示企业在有利的环境中发展得非常好？

1. Small businesses can flourish at supportive local communities.
2. Small businesses can flourish supportive local communities.
3. Small businesses can flourish in supportive local communities.

哪句话使用 at the time 表示“在已经确定的那段过去时期”，而不是“有时”？

1. We were confused at the time, but the instructions are clear now.
2. We were confused at times, but the instructions are clear now.
3. We were confused on the time, but the instructions are clear now.

在句子 “The blight spread through the fields,” 中，blight 最可能是什么意思？

1. 一种农具
2. 一种会损害作物的病害
3. 一场短暂的雨

用 originate in 的过去式完成句子：The festival ____ a small fishing village.

哪句话正确使用现在分词短语，补充说明同一主语经历的一段行程？

1. The package reached the village, traveling by boat for the final fifty miles.
2. The package reached the village, and traveling by boat for the final fifty miles.
3. The package reached the village, traveled by boat for the final fifty miles.

在句子 “While the road was badly flooded, the rescue team still reached the village by noon.” 中，while 起什么作用？

1. 它表示洪水和抵达持续了相同的时间。
2. 它引出救援队抵达的原因。
3. 它引出让步：尽管有这个困难，结果仍然发生了。

then as today 在这个句子中起什么作用？

1. 它把今天作为历史事件之后的下一步。
2. 它表示从过去到今天，情况一直在改善。
3. 它表示同一种普遍现象过去存在，现在仍然存在。

请用本课中表示“利用现有来源”的短语动词完成句子：During the crisis, the team had years of local experience to ____.

补全固定搭配：The coastal town is dependent ____ one ferry route for supplies.

用 make 的 -ing 形式补全句子，以引出结果：The power cut disabled the pumps, ____ the basement vulnerable to flooding.

哪个情形最符合 food insecurity？

1. 一个家庭经常不知道下周是否买得起足够的食物。
2. 一家餐厅在夏季更换菜单。
3. 某人因为午饭晚了一个小时而觉得饿。

在社会政策报告中，at the poverty line 是什么意思？

1. 站在贫困社区中一条标出的边界线上
2. 处于用于衡量贫困状况的官方门槛上或附近
3. 收入肯定远高于贫困门槛

在“While the storm caused damage, the slow response deepened the crisis,”中，这个结构强调什么？

1. 风暴没有造成任何破坏。
2. 风暴和应对恰好同时发生。
3. 应对迟缓使原有的危机进一步恶化。

补全 turn + object + into + result 结构：The heavy rain turned the path ____ a river.

高亮从句为1845年的情况交代了什么背景？

1. 英格兰的控制到1845年才开始，当时爱尔兰首次与伦敦产生联系。
2. 爱尔兰经历了几个世纪的英格兰控制，但控制的形式和强度有所变化。
3. 爱尔兰一直完全独立，直到英格兰在1845年短暂干预。

在1845年的语境中，part of the United Kingdom 说明了什么？

1. 爱尔兰只是联合王国的贸易伙伴。
2. 爱尔兰当时受联合王国政府的政治管辖。
3. 爱尔兰在地理上位于伦敦之内。

“The agency is based in London”最自然的意思是什么？

1. 该机构只为住在伦敦的人服务。
2. 伦敦这座城市创建了该机构。
3. 伦敦是该机构的主要所在地或运作中心。

在这句话中，this distant ruling body 指什么？

1. 设在伦敦、对爱尔兰拥有统治权的政府。
2. 远处一栋政府大楼的外形。
3. 一群远离家乡工作的爱尔兰劳工。

使用 offer、graduates 和 jobs，按双宾语结构完成句子：The internship program will ____ after the course.

哪一项最明显属于 public works project？

1. 由市政府出资维修桥梁的项目
2. 一位作家撰写私人日记
3. 一个家庭重新粉刷自家厨房

“The medicine was poorly distributed” 是什么意思？

1. 药品本身质量很差。
2. 药品从未生产出来。
3. 药品没有得到有效分配或运送。

哪种情况最能体现 insufficient nutrition？

1. 食物配送晚了一天。
2. 桌上的盘子数量太少。
3. 食物量很充足，但餐食缺少必需营养素。

用 make 的 -ing 形式完成表示结果的从句：The storm damaged the water system, ____ residents more vulnerable to disease.

在公共卫生报告中，maternal and child mortality 指什么？

1. 女性生育子女时的平均年龄
2. 不涉及死亡的疾病和并发症
3. 与妊娠和分娩有关的死亡或死亡率，以及儿童群体中的死亡或死亡率
4. 某一人群的出生率

哪一个过渡语最能表明第二个问题比第一个更严重？The team missed its deadline. ___, the client canceled the contract.

1. Worse still
2. In other words
3. For example

使用 continue to 的过去式和动词 ignore 完成句子：Even after two warnings, the driver ____ the speed limit.

哪句话自然地描述了清理工作需要反复进行长时间、令人筋疲力尽的体力劳动？

1. The workers took a long break from physical work after the cleanup.
2. The cleanup involved brief periods of light office work.
3. The cleanup required lengthy shifts of grueling manual labor.

请用表示“更大群体中的一个例子”的目标三词框架完成句子：Her complaint is ____ countless reports of the same problem.

一次通勤被描述为 10 kilometers roundtrip，而且两个方向距离相同。单程多远？

1. 5 kilometers
2. 20 kilometers
3. 10 kilometers

请用 leave behind 的 -ing 形式完成句子：The scientist died in 2010, ____ two children and a major body of work.

哪一个句子正确使用了 despite 来引出对比？

1. Despite the traffic, we arrived on time.
2. Despite the traffic was heavy, we arrived on time.
3. Despite of the traffic, we arrived on time.

用一个以 scrape 开头、表示“靠很少的钱勉强维持”的双词短语动词完成句子：After his work hours were cut, he managed to ____ on a very small paycheck.

在“The disease worsened, impacting 75% of the region's potato yield,”中，-ing 分句起什么作用？

1. 它报道马铃薯价格上涨了75%。
2. 它补充一个量化的后果，并指向生产出的马铃薯数量。
3. 它解释这种疫病最初出现的原因。
4. 它表示75%的马铃薯种植土地被出售。

“relief efforts diminished substantially”在这里是什么意思？

1. 有组织的救济行动变得有效得多。
2. 救济需求消失了。
3. 人们突然不再那么担忧了。
4. 有组织的救济行动大幅减少。

哪句话用 while 先承认一个事实，再强调与之形成对比的事实？

1. While the new library is smaller, it offers more study space.
2. While the librarian was speaking, everyone took notes.
3. We waited while the room was cleaned.

请使用 who + be eligible for 的完整一般现在时形式完成句子：The guide explains ____ the training grant.

请用 wear on 的过去式完成句子，表示会议持续了很长时间：As the meeting ____, everyone became less focused.

请使用 with 加 assess 的 -ing 形式完成句子：The agency tasked the team ____ the damage.

用 stem from 的 -ing 形式完成句子：Experts view the delay as ____ poor planning.

哪项解释最符合 toxic religious ideology 和 laissez-faire economic policies？

1. 字面上有毒的物质，以及把所有企业置于国家直接控制之下的政策
2. 受到负面评价的宗教观念体系，以及主张政府尽量少干预的经济政策
3. 宗教仪式，以及只涉及国际贸易的政策

哪种情况最适合用 political infighting 来描述？

1. 两个国家签署一项新的贸易协定。
2. 同一政党内的不同派系争夺领导权。
3. 选民在投票站排队等候。

请使用 callously 和 depict 的过去式完成这个重点结构：The film ____ the elderly characters ____ helpless and foolish.

在这句话中，怎样理解 lazy, simple-minded alcoholics 最恰当？

1. 它们是对三个具体人物的中性描述。
2. 它们是叙述者认可的客观事实。
3. 它们是受到叙述者批评的媒体刻板印象。

为什么句子在 the famine was God's punishment 前使用 believed？

1. 为了证明饥荒是由上帝惩罚造成的
2. 为了表明伦敦的每个人都持有相同观点
3. 为了把这种宗教解释归于一些决策者

判断：在中性的政策讨论中，sinful behaviors 是表达 harmful behavior 的中性说法。

1. 错误
2. 正确

使用 block efforts to do something 的过去式结构完成句子，并使用 deliver：New regulations ____ medicine to remote towns.

哪句话正确使用了 due to，在名词短语前正式地引出原因？

1. The talks ended early due to internal political rivalries.
2. The talks ended early due internal political rivalries.
3. The talks ended early due because internal political rivalries.

哪句话正确使用了 As with，在完整主句前引入比较框架？

1. As many schools with today, the academy faced a shortage of teachers.
2. As with many schools today, the academy faced a shortage of teachers.
3. As with many schools today because the academy faced a shortage of teachers.

补全 it wasn't A, but rather B 结构：It wasn't a lack of talent that hurt the project, ____ a lack of clear leadership.

用 perish from 的过去完成时补全句子：By the time the new treatment arrived, several patients ____ the disease.

请用 flee the country 的过去式完成句子：When the violence spread, the family ____.

原句中高亮的 -ing 短语起什么作用？

1. 补充大规模人口离境所引发的长期结果。
2. 解释人口为何已经恢复。
3. 说明人们使用什么方式离开国家。

用 safe 的比较级补全 make + 宾语 + 形容词结构：Better lighting makes this street ____ at night.

用动词 cancel 补全 lead + 宾语 + to do 结构：The storm led the organizers ____ the outdoor concert.

“Just as in Ireland”放在句首有什么作用？

1. 说明现在这些农民位于爱尔兰。
2. 声称两个情形的每个细节都完全相同。
3. 以较早的爱尔兰案例为参照，为新情形建立比较框架。

请用本课中表示“处于社会或经济排斥状态”的三个单词完成句子：The outreach team supports families living ____.

用 bear responsibility for 所要求的两个词补全正式关系结构：The delay, ____ the volunteers bore little responsibility, affected the whole event.

补全表示“过去的错误可以避免重演”的隐喻：If the team learns from the failed launch, history doesn't have to ____.

句中突出显示的 if 从句起什么作用？

1. 它说明了可能使历史不再重演的条件。
2. 它保证政府一定会提供援助。
3. 它表示历史已经重演。

哪一句使用 that 从句来限定所需项目的类型？

1. We need programs, which are affordable and ongoing.
2. We need programs to be affordable and ongoing.
3. We need programs that are affordable and ongoing.

请用本课中的目的短语完成句子：A nutrition program provides balanced meals ____ disease.

请使用本课中表示“给予关怀，而不是进行道德批评”的短语完成句子：Counseling should be offered ____.

哪句话表示安全计划可以降低受伤的危险，但不承诺完全消除这种危险？

1. The safety plan can increase the risk of injury.
2. The safety plan can prevent every injury.
3. The safety plan can mitigate the risk of injury.

哪句话自然地把两个因素呈现为一个共同的整体？

1. The rescue succeeded through a combination of quick thinking and teamwork.
2. The rescue succeeded through a combination quick thinking and teamwork.
3. The rescue succeeded through a combination for quick thinking and teamwork.

在这里，a delicate business 是什么意思？Discussing a complaint with a valued client can be a delicate business.

1. 一家经营易碎物品的公司
2. 一项几乎没有风险的日常任务
3. 一件需要谨慎处理的事情