玻尔兹曼大脑悖论 - 法比奥·帕库奇：英语精读讲义

补全 full + 介词这一搭配：The attic was full ____ dusty boxes.

一段科学视频以“How do you know a planet exists if no one can see it directly?”开头。这个开场问题的主要作用是什么？

1. 制造不确定感，并框定接下来的解释。
2. 立即给出最终定义。
3. 要求观众报告一个具体日期。

用表示“选择前一项而不选后一项”的两个词连接语补全句子：We decided to test the idea ____ dismiss it.

哪句话先承认一个想法似乎不合理，再给出值得考虑它的理由？

1. That may sound absurd, but the evidence is worth examining.
2. That may be correct, and everyone already accepts it.
3. That idea is absurd, so there is no reason to discuss it.

补全习语 keep someone up at night：The unresolved question kept the researchers ____ at night.

说话人先描述一种模式，然后说：They call it the domino effect. 这句话在讲解中起什么作用？

1. 它说明这个模式已经结束。
2. 它指出有个人正在打电话。
3. 它给刚才描述的模式命名。

阅读这个句子：The school's namesake was a scientist named Ada Cole. namesake 指的是谁？

1. 在学校工作的科学家
2. 学校的一个非正式昵称
3. 学校以其名字命名的那位科学家

operating in a period when... 主要为句子补充了什么？

1. 操作机器的说明
2. 这位物理学家工作时的历史背景
3. 这位物理学家制造的机器名称

哪一句正确使用 whether 引导嵌入式二选一疑问？

1. Historians debated whether did local workers or foreign engineers build the bridge.
2. Historians debated whether had the bridge been built by local workers or foreign engineers.
3. Historians debated whether the bridge had been built by local workers or foreign engineers.

用表示“让一个地方出名的特色”的固定表达完成句子：The island's ____ is its beach with pink sand.

哪一句使用同样的“大类 + that 从句”框架来定义 astronomy？

1. Astronomy studies objects in space because science is a branch.
2. Astronomy is the branch of science that studies objects in space.
3. Objects in space are interesting, so astronomy is science.

使用短语动词 put forward 的过去式完成句子：At the meeting, Lena ____ a plan to save water.

在片段“..., which is a measure of the disorder of a system”中，which 起什么作用？

1. 它要求听者在两个系统之间做选择。
2. 它回指刚提到的术语，并补充定义。
3. 它引出上一陈述的结果。

用 whereas 完成这个较正式的并列对照：The city center is crowded, ____ the outer neighborhoods are quiet.

补全先给出正式来源、再说明内容的框架：The safety code ____ emergency exits must remain clear.

哪句话描述了一般趋势，但没有说结果一定会出现？

1. Team discussions are already in complete agreement.
2. Over time, team discussions will always end in agreement.
3. Over time, team discussions tend towards agreement.

用 return to its pristine state 的过去式补全句子：After months of careful restoration, the sculpture finally ____.

补全 apply A to B 结构：The engineers applied the new safety rule ____ every design.

本句中的 evolves to 表示什么？

1. 在没有变化过程的情况下被立刻替换
2. 随着时间变化，直到达到另一种状态
3. 产生有生命的后代

用 so + 形容词 + that 结构完成句子，每个空填一个词：The path was ____ icy ____ we turned back.

哪一句最清楚地使用 things like，把宽泛的概念变成具体画面？

1. Road signs may bend in a severe storm, so every storm causes the same damage.
2. Severe storms can be dangerous because strong winds move quickly.
3. Severe storms can cause unusual damage, things like road signs bending backward.

用 will 和 happen 的原形补全结果从句：If the machine runs long enough, rare errors ____.

哪一句最恰当地表达了某种变化在一段时间内逐渐发生？

1. The coastline stayed protected for thousands of years.
2. The coastline changed gradually over thousands of years.
3. The coastline disappeared during the final storm.

哪一句使用 form out of 表示结果从其来源中逐渐形成？

1. The team made a clear plan out of their scattered ideas.
2. A clear plan began to form out of their scattered ideas.
3. Their scattered ideas formed the basis of a clear plan.

讲完一项抽象计划后，哪个问题最适合引出具体例子？

1. So who first suggested the plan?
2. So what does that look like in practice?
3. So why is the plan called hypothetical?

哪个短语表示“一个假设的、完全自动化的工厂”，并使用相同的修饰结构？

1. a fully automated factory in a real town
2. a hypothetical factory with some automated equipment
3. a hypothetical fully automated factory

在 “The bus crossed a bleak stretch of empty highway,” 中，stretch 是什么意思？

1. 一段连续的时间
2. 一次伸展身体的动作
3. 连续延伸的一段或一片区域

补全目标结构：Small pieces of colored glass come ____ to form a mosaic.

请用 made of 搭配材料词 cardboard 补全句子：They displayed a castle ____.

演示者指向图表的另一个部分并说：'Over here, the lines meet.' Over here 在这里起什么作用？

1. 它把注意力引向图表的那个部分。
2. 它表示演示已经结束。
3. 它表示这些线在很久以前相交了。

你看到远处有一个像塔的形状，但不确定它究竟是什么。哪句话最能保留这种不确定性？

1. It looked nothing like a tower.
2. It looked something like a tower.
3. It was definitely a tower.

使用 be filled with 结构补全句子：After the doors opened, the hall was ____ music.

在句子 'Up to the present moment, no errors have appeared,' 中，up to 表示什么？

1. 朝现在移动
2. 最多一个时刻
3. 直到这一时间点

在 'She repeated these very words,' 中，very 起什么作用？

1. 表示那些话非常好。
2. 表示那些话说得很大声。
3. 强调正是完全相同的那些话。

哪句话自然地使用 by 来说明产生结果的过程？

1. The system learns because repeated testing.
2. The system learns at repeated testing.
3. The system learns by repeated testing.

哪句话表示电荷本身聚集在一个位置？

1. The scientist concentrates on a single point in the report.
2. The charge spreads evenly through the material.
3. The charge is concentrated in a single point.

这里的句子“A new universe burst into existence”是什么意思？

1. 一个宇宙慢慢变小了。
2. 一个新宇宙突然开始存在。
3. 一个宇宙真的爆炸后消失了。

说话人刚刚列出了四种解释，现在只想比较最后两种。哪个问句最合适？

1. Of all four, which are the last two?
2. Of those last two, which is more convincing?
3. Which explanation was mentioned first?

补全句子，填入一个由两个单词组成的程度加强语，表示一条路线比其他所有路线容易得多：This is ____ the easiest route.

哪一个句子能正确表达“尽管价格很高，这款手机仍然很受欢迎”？

1. Although its high price, the phone remains popular.
2. Despite it is expensive, the phone remains popular.
3. Despite its high price, the phone remains popular.

在句子 The repair cost is a blip compared to the city's annual budget 中，a blip compared to 是什么意思？

1. 这笔维修费与预算的规模完全相同。
2. 这笔维修费向预算办公室发送电子信号。
3. 这笔维修费与预算相比非常少。

在 We found heaps upon heaps of old photos in the attic 中，heaps upon heaps of old photos 是什么意思？

1. 数量极多的旧照片
2. 几张放在同一个整齐堆里的旧照片
3. 几乎没有旧照片

哪个开头最清楚地表示“接下来的结论来自刚才的推理”？

1. So, by this reasoning,
2. At the same time,
3. For example,

哪个短语能正确表达“他们认为存在的那种风险”？

1. the risk they believe it to exist
2. the risk they believe existing
3. the risk they believe to exist

你正在比较两种解释，有充分依据但没有确凿证据。哪句话能以自然、谨慎的方式说明其中一种解释更有可能？

1. It seems extremely more likely that the package went to the wrong address than that it was stolen.
2. The package definitely went to the wrong address rather than being stolen.
3. It seems much more likely that the package went to the wrong address than that it was stolen.

用准确的 soon to be + 过去分词结构完成句子，表达“很快将被替换”：The old system is ____.

在这句话中，didn't get quite that far in his thinking 是什么意思？

1. 他根本没有开始思考。
2. 他没有走过那么远的距离。
3. 他的思考没有达到那个阶段。

用 build on 的正确形式完成句子，表达“把早期研究作为基础”：The new study ____ earlier research into safer building materials.

使用本课中表示“和几乎所有其他人一样”的准确短语完成句子：Leo, ____, checked the weather before leaving.

选择最能强调“名气只持续了极短时间，并迅速消退”的词：Her online fame was ___; within a week, almost everyone had forgotten her.

1. temporary
2. permanent
3. ephemeral

这个高亮问句在论证中起什么作用？

1. 宣布两个判断都已经被推翻。
2. 在讨论中加入两个互不相关的事实。
3. 把两个看似冲突的判断作为需要解决的问题提出来。

补全表示“把它当成会一直存在的东西”的固定表达：Many people take reliable internet ____.

用目标纠正连接词完成句子：The delay was not caused by traffic, ____ by a scheduling error.

在本句中，a big bang 最准确地指什么？

1. 在已经存在的空间中某个地点发生的一次普通爆炸
2. 与早期高温、高密状态相关的宇宙起点
3. 宇宙中某颗恒星的爆炸

补全表示“彻底结束、不再需要处理”的固定表达：After tomorrow's final exam, the course will be over and ____.

说话人先作出一个很确定的判断，随后说 Well, maybe not.，这句话通常起什么作用？

1. 它温和地重新提出一个看似已有定论的问题。
2. 它完全确认了前面的判断。
3. 它引入了一个无关的话题。

用过去时完成目标结构 find evidence supporting a theory：The team ____ the theory.

Yet while we know ..., no one knows ... 这一句型发挥了什么语篇功能？

1. 先确立已知内容，再指出仍然未知的部分。
2. 把两件事描述成同时发生。
3. 声称原因已经确定。

用表示“如果真的有任何东西的话”的两个单词插入语完成句子：What, ____, was damaged during the move?

选择能正确完成句子的短语：The lab had never seen ___.

1. such an unusual pattern
2. such unusual a pattern
3. so an unusual pattern

哪一句表示生长与衰败会持续反复，而且没有最终的终点？

1. The forest is in an unending cycle of growth and decay.
2. The forest avoids both growth and decay.
3. The forest completes one cycle of growth and decay.

一位研究者想提出另一种可能，但不想声称它一定正确。哪一句最合适？

1. Should we ignore an important clue?
2. Or might we be overlooking an important clue?
3. We are definitely overlooking an important clue.

在本句中，multiverse 是什么意思？

1. 单个星系的另一种说法。
2. 一种可能包含许多宇宙的假设性更大框架。
3. 单个宇宙发生坍塌的后期阶段。

用本课中回指已经说明的情况的三个英文单词补全句子：____, the result is not surprising.

用表示“重新受到关注”的完整短语补全句子：After years of neglect, the repair method ____ among local builders.

在句子“This is one of the leading theories in the field.”中，leading 是什么意思？

1. 正在实际带领某个事物
2. 最近才创建的
3. 属于最重要或最有影响力的一类

哪一个句子先把有争议的观点归于某一群体，然后说明该观点带来的推论？

1. The city should keep the new schedule, according to the final report.
2. Because the new schedule reduces traffic, the city introduced it last year.
3. Some argue that the new schedule reduces traffic, suggesting the city should keep it.

使用本课中表示“存在一个尚未确定的问题”的缩写表达完成句子：The readings disagree, suggesting ____.

用表示“某项改动预计能避免困难”的目标短语补全句子：Adding a backup server ____ of losing access during maintenance.

用目标短语补全对立观点：Some reviewers say the plan is safe. ____ the tests were too limited.

哪句话表示一个物体在理论上可以想象，但无法通过真实的物理过程形成？

1. It can be described in theory, but it can't actually physically form.
2. It is difficult to describe because it is physically large.
3. It has already formed, although nobody expected it.

使用本课中的原表达补全句子：The data are incomplete, yet some analysts ____ a major market crash.

请用 pop out of 的过去式完成句子：During the magic trick, a dove suddenly ____ the empty hat.

用 long enough 完成“程度—结果”结构：We stayed ____ to see the final scene.

使用 whose、denominator 和 be 的正确形式完成句子：Choose the fraction ____ eight.

在数学讲解中，10 to a number 表示什么？

1. 10 的某个未指定指数次幂。
2. 10 乘以某个未指定的数。
3. 10 加上某个未指定的数。

使用 about + number + times larger than 结构，并用 five 补全句子：The new dataset is ____ the old one.

用 despite + 名词短语补全句子：____ its high price, the bicycle sold quickly.

这句话中突出显示的比喻是什么意思？

1. 它创建了一个展示模型的地方。
2. 它设立了一项模型必须达到的标准。
3. 它给模型提供了一根必须跳过的真实横杆。

用括号中的提示组成前置的 Compared to... 短语：(last year's total) ____, this month's cost is low.

你有充分证据说明某个答案是错的，但仍想保留它可能正确的一点点余地。哪句话最合适？

1. The answer is almost certainly wrong.
2. The answer might be wrong.
3. The answer is certainly wrong.

在这个语境中，最后的 Unless 从句起什么作用？

1. 它再提供一个支持前面判断的理由。
2. 它补充一个可能推翻前面判断的例外。
3. 它证明听者肯定错了。

用 keep 加 ask 的 -ing 形式补全句子：Even when the answer is difficult, ____ questions.

用本课的正式表达补全这句评论：The exhibition is ____ interactive displays.

用与 me 对应的形式补全这个习语：The close game kept me ____ until the final second.