洗发皂真的能减少垃圾吗？ | 环球垃圾危机 | 商业内幕：英语精读讲义

This is shampoo

这是洗发水

made with seaweed,

由海藻、

lemon,

柠檬

and sea salt,

和海盐制成，

and no packaging at all. 語法

完全没有任何包装。

Zero waste products like these are supposed to reduce trash. 語法

这类零废弃产品应该能减少垃圾。

We've saved literally millions of packages from landfill,

我们确确实实让数百万件包装免于被送进填埋场，

and that's really important to me.

这对我来说真的很重要。

But there are still billions of bottles that end up in landfills and on beaches every year. 短語動詞

但每年仍有数十亿个瓶子最终被送进填埋场，或散落在海滩上。

So can recipes like this really help cut worldwide waste? 語法

那么，这样的配方真能帮助减少全球垃圾吗？

We went to factories in Vancouver and Tasmania to find out.

我们前往温哥华和塔斯马尼亚的工厂一探究竟。

At Beauty and the Bees in Tasmania,

在塔斯马尼亚的 Beauty and the Bees，

a mix of oils and melted beeswax are the first ingredients in a shampoo bar.

制作洗发皂最先用到的原料，是各种油脂和融化的蜂蜡的混合物。

We've never used any plastic packaging, 語氣意圖

我们从未使用过任何塑料包装，

ever.

一次也没有。

We use only paper,

我们只使用纸、

tin, glass,

马口铁、玻璃

or wood.

或木材。

Jill Saunders started Beauty and the Bees 30 years ago.

Jill Saunders 在 30 年前创办了 Beauty and the Bees。

Her products use only natural ingredients.

她的产品只使用天然原料。

This is entirely chemical-free,

这完全不含化学成分，

and the suds are biodegradable.

泡沫也可生物降解。

That's very important too.

这一点也非常重要。

Clay from the Atlas Mountains in Morocco,

来自摩洛哥阿特拉斯山脉的黏土

blended with castor oil, 語法

与蓖麻油混合后，

makes the shampoo thick and foamy.

会让洗发皂变得浓稠、泡沫丰富。

So we're going to pour.

现在我们要把它倒出来。

Workers add Tasmanian leatherwood honey and lye.

工人会加入塔斯马尼亚革木蜂蜜和碱液。

Lye is an ancient ingredient that turns the mixture into soap for the hair. 語法

碱液是一种古老原料，能让混合物变成用来洗头的皂。

The clay, oil, beeswax,

黏土、油脂、蜂蜡

and lye become a liquid shampoo

和碱液会变成液态洗发皂，

that's then poured into a bin 語法

随后被倒进一个大容器，

and wheeled into a drying room

再推入干燥室，

where it sits for two days.

在那里静置两天。

Then it's cut and packaged into biodegradable boxes.

接着切成块，装入可生物降解的盒子。

Mass-produced shampoo often uses artificial foaming agents like sodium lauryl sulfate.

大规模生产的洗发水常使用月桂醇硫酸钠等人工发泡剂。

Those go down the drain and can end up in the oceans. 習語

这些物质会流入下水道，最终可能进入海洋。

Saunders says that's partly why customers want to buy her bars,

Saunders 说，这正是顾客想买她的洗发皂的部分原因，

which break down safely in nature. 短語動詞

因为它们能在自然环境中安全分解。

She sells 100,000 of them a year.

她每年卖出 10 万块。

But that's still only a tiny fraction of the $2 billion shampoo market. 短語搭配

但在价值 20 亿美元的洗发水市场中，这仍只占极小一部分。

It's extremely hard to get people to understand shampoo bars. 語法

要让人们了解什么是洗发皂，实在太难了。

People are beginning to understand,

人们开始逐渐了解，

but it is still very fringe. 用詞

但它仍然非常小众。

Fringe because mass market shampoo in plastic bottles

之所以小众，是因为塑料瓶装的大众洗发水

dominated store shelves and TV ads for decades.

数十年来一直占据商店货架和电视广告。

A new shampoo with vitamins, minerals, protein, and

一款蕴含维生素、矿物质、蛋白质以及

But experts say a growing number of consumers, 短語搭配

但专家表示，越来越多的消费者，

especially millennials,

尤其是千禧一代，

now want to buy biodegradable beauty products.

如今都想购买可生物降解的美容产品。

This is something that we are seeing happen in the shampoo category

我们正看到洗发产品领域出现这种变化，

where how matters, 語法

“如何做”变得很重要，

like how the product is made.

比如产品是如何制造的。

Lush Cosmetics scaled for mass production years ago 用詞

Lush Cosmetics 多年前就扩大了生产规模，

and now sells about $20 million worth of shampoo bars every year. 短語搭配

如今每年售出的洗发皂价值约 2000 万美元。

We have seen really a shift from customers

我们确实看到顾客的态度发生了转变，

and more and more folks looking at how

越来越多人开始思考，

they can be more environmentally friendly in their own lives.

如何在自己的生活中变得更加环保。

Lush showed us how they make one of their top sellers, 用詞

Lush 向我们展示了他们如何制作一款畅销产品——

the Seanik shampoo bar.

Seanik 洗发皂。

This $12 disc lasts for 80 washes 短語搭配

这块 12 美元的圆形洗发皂可以洗 80 次，

and replaces about three shampoo bottles.

大约能替代三瓶洗发水。

Sea salt,

海盐、

lemon and orange flower oils,

柠檬和橙花精油，

and two types of seaweed.

以及两种海藻。

These are dried sheets of nori seaweed being fed into a paper shredder. 語法

这些是正被送入碎纸机的干燥紫菜片。

They're added right at the end.

它们会在最后才加入。

The smell is uh quite strong.

这个气味，呃，相当浓烈。

It'll remind you of sitting on the beach, 短語搭配

会让你想起坐在沙滩上，

hanging out by the ocean.

在海边悠闲消磨时光。

The same kind of food coloring used in M&Ms

M&Ms 使用的同类食用色素

makes it pop on the shelves and online. 用詞

让它在货架上和网上都格外醒目。

Lush has sold 41 million of these Seanik bars since 2005.

自 2005 年以来，Lush 已售出 4100 万块 Seanik 洗发皂。

That's equivalent to about 1/5 短語搭配

这相当于

of all the shampoo bottles Americans buy in a year.

美国人一年购买的所有瓶装洗发水的约五分之一。

Multinational brands like Procter and Gamble and L'Oréal

宝洁和 L'Oréal 等跨国品牌

are also getting into the natural shampoo market. 短語動詞

也开始进军天然洗发产品市场。

We spoke to Sonika Malhotra,

我们采访了 Sonika Malhotra，

co-founder of Unilever's Love Beauty and Planet line

她是联合利华 Love Beauty and Planet 产品线的联合创始人，

that launched in 2018.

该系列于 2018 年推出。

The shampoo bars sell in more than 40 countries

这些洗发皂销往 40 多个国家，

and in retailers like Target and Walmart.

并在 Target、Walmart 等零售商处销售。

So we need to track technologies

因此，我们需要关注相关技术，

where we are able to find materials

以便找到某些材料，

that sort of replicate all of these values, 語氣意圖

能够大致复现所有这些价值，

these properties that this material has,

以及这种材料所具备的这些特性，

and that's not easy.

而这并不容易。

Unilever shampoo bars are still niche

联合利华的洗发皂仍然很小众，

compared to their legacy brands like Suave and Tresemmé. 用詞

无法与 Suave 和 Tresemmé 等老牌产品相比。

But the pressure to cut plastics is on. 習語

但减少塑料使用的压力正不断升高。

In 2019,

2019 年，

a Greenpeace campaign tagged manufacturers on widely circulated photos of trash

绿色和平组织发起了一项行动，在广泛传播的垃圾照片中标注相关制造商，

and singled out Unilever as a major source of plastic garbage, 短語動詞

并特别指出联合利华是塑料垃圾的主要来源之一，

along with Coca-Cola, Pepsi, and Nestlé.

可口可乐、百事和雀巢也名列其中。

Now we can pick up our smart devices

如今，我们可以拿起智能设备，

and look like,

然后查一查：

hey,

“嘿，

what's the brand's opinion on this?

这个品牌对此持什么态度？

What does the brand do to limit waste?

这个品牌为减少垃圾做了什么？”

Unilever signed a commitment to eliminate single-use packaging, 短語搭配

联合利华签署了承诺，表示将淘汰一次性包装，

but little progress has been made. 語法

但目前进展甚微。

And plastics contribute to climate change.

塑料还会加剧气候变化。

They're made with fossil fuels

它们由化石燃料制成，

and emit greenhouse gases throughout their life cycle. 用詞

并在整个生命周期中排放温室气体。

Many countries have banned certain types of plastic packaging.

许多国家已经禁用某些类型的塑料包装。

When we think about real solutions,

当我们思考真正的解决方案时，

we have to look at systems change 用詞

就必须着眼于系统性变革，

and who is accountable for that. 短語搭配

并追问谁应该为此负责。

It's corporations and industry.

答案是企业和整个行业。

Break Free from Plastic runs beach cleanups

Break Free from Plastic 会组织海滩清理活动，

where volunteers tally up the trash associated with specific brands. 短語動詞

志愿者会统计与特定品牌相关的垃圾数量。

Break Free's global head of communications

Break Free from Plastic 的全球传播负责人

says all this plastic garbage

表示，所有这些塑料垃圾

won't go away with just shampoo bars.

不会仅靠洗发皂就消失。

These sorts of products are still putting the onus on individuals. 短語搭配

这类产品依然把责任推给了个人。

There's something really strong about wallet power, 習語

“钱包的力量”确实很强大，

but it is a drop in the bucket 習語

但这只是杯水车薪，

in terms of the solution to be focused on.

并不是解决问题时应关注的重点。

And small businesses like Jill's

而像 Jill 的公司这样的小企业

face obstacles to scaling up, 短語動詞

在扩大规模时面临种种障碍，

like steep shipping costs and expensive ingredients. 用詞

比如高昂的运费和价格不菲的原料。

Her bar costs three times as much as Unilever's. 語法

她的洗发皂价格是联合利华产品的三倍。

Despite the challenges,

尽管面临这些挑战，

Jill says her customer base is growing.

Jill 表示，她的客户群仍在扩大。

Business is getting better and better and better 語法

生意越来越好、越来越好、越来越好，

as a result of the zero waste consciousness

这得益于人们日益增强的零废弃意识，

and people's awareness that biodegradability is very important.

以及人们认识到生物可降解性非常重要。

So the future looks extremely bright. 習語

所以，未来看起来一片光明。