你是你自己的负一级表亲：英语精读讲义

This is you,

这是你，

this is your family tree, 習語

这是你的家谱，

and this is your family tree explained.

这是对你的家谱的解析。

You have parents and your parents have parents.

你有父母，你的父母也有父母。

These are your grandparents who also have parents,

这是你的祖父母，他们也有父母，

your great grandparents.

也就是你的曾祖父母。

Keep adding parents,

不断往上加父母，

keep adding greats.

就不断往上加‘曾’(great)。

For every G in the name, 語法

名字里每多一个 G，

there is one generation in between you and that person.

你和那个人之间就多隔一代。

Grandparents,

祖父母(Grandparents)，

one G,

一个 G，

one generational in-betweener. 用詞

隔着一代人。

Great, great, great grandparents,

曾曾曾祖父母(Great, great, great grandparents)，

four Gs,

四个 G，

four in-betweeners.

隔着四代人。

Continuing with the basics,

继续讲基础的，

you have siblings and so do your parents. 語法

你有兄弟姐妹，你的父母也有。

These are your aunts and uncles.

这就是你的阿姨和叔叔。

Up the tree,

沿着家谱往上，

you may call these people your great aunts and uncles,

你可能会称呼他们为你的曾姨和曾叔(great aunts and uncles)，

but your grandparents' siblings are really your grand aunts and uncles. 用詞

但你祖父母的兄弟姐妹实际上是你的姑婆和伯公等(grand aunts and uncles)。

Greats are reserved for the levels above grand. 短語搭配

Great 这个词是专门留给 grand 以上级别的。

Your great grandparents' siblings are your great grand aunts and uncles.

你曾祖父母的兄弟姐妹是你的曾姑婆和曾伯公等(great grand aunts and uncles)。

Now, down the tree,

现在，沿着家谱往下，

your siblings' children are your nieces and nephews,

你兄弟姐妹的孩子是你的侄子和侄女，

collectively niblings, 用詞

统称为侄辈(niblings)，

and you are their aunt or uncle.

而你是他们的阿姨或叔叔。

Their children are your grand nieces and nephews,

他们的孩子是你的侄孙和侄孙女，

and you are their grand aunt or uncle.

而你是他们的姨婆或叔公。

We've gone up and we've gone down, 表達脈絡

我们已经讲了往上和往下，

and now it's time to go sideways.

现在该讲讲横向的了。

When you get married,

当你结婚时，

you get everyone's favorite in-laws. 語氣意圖

你就会拥有大家都‘喜欢’的姻亲(in-laws)。

You're on the same level of the family tree as your spouse's siblings. 語法

你在家谱上的辈分和配偶的兄弟姐妹是一样的。

You're a kind of pseudo-sibling. 用詞

你就像是一个伪兄弟姐妹。

All the new family's relationships to you are the same as to your spouse,

所有新家人与你的关系，和与你配偶的关系是一样的，

but they get the in-law suffix. 用詞

但他们会加上 in-law (姻亲) 的后缀。

It's pretty straightforward except for one case. 短語搭配

这很容易理解，除了一种情况。

Your spouse's siblings are your siblings-in-law,

你配偶的兄弟姐妹是你的姻亲兄弟姐妹(siblings-in-law)，

but are your siblings-in-law's spouses also your siblings-in-law?

但是你姻亲兄弟姐妹的配偶也是你的姻亲兄弟姐妹吗？

It's a little unclear.

这就有点说不清了。

All right,

好了，

enough with the in-laws. 語氣意圖

姻亲就讲到这里。

It's on to the reason you're probably watching this video. 表達脈絡

接下来就是你可能看这个视频的原因。

Cousins.

表/堂亲(Cousins)。

Your aunt and uncle's children are your cousins,

你阿姨和叔叔的孩子是你的堂/表亲，

but there are many kinds of cousins,

但表亲有很多种，

and to better understand them,

为了更好地理解，

we need to simplify this family tree and think downward. 表達脈絡

我们需要简化这个家谱，往下思考。

Here's you, your children, and your grandchildren.

这是你、你的孩子和你的孙子孙女。

Your grandchildren are first cousins to each other, 文化背景

你的孙子孙女互为第一代堂表亲(first cousins)，

and their children, your great grandchildren,

他们的孩子，也就是你的曾孙子女，

are second cousins to each other and so on. 短語搭配

互为第二代堂表亲(second cousins)，以此类推。

The cousin number is the same as the G rule. 文化背景

堂表亲的代数和 G 规则是一样的。

It tells you how many in-betweeners until the connection on the family tree.

它告诉你在家谱上产生联系之前隔了多少代人。

Fourth cousins,

第四代堂表亲(Fourth cousins)，

four in-betweeners and a shared great, great, great grandparent.

隔了四代人，并共有同一个曾曾曾祖父母。

According to the rule,

根据这个规则，

your first cousins and you connect at your grandparent.

你和你的第一代表亲在祖父母那一辈产生联系。

And second cousins share a great grandparent connection.

第二代堂表亲共享曾祖父母的血缘联系。

Just match the cousin number with the number of Gs

只需将堂表亲的代数与 G 的数量相匹配，

and you're all set. 短語搭配

一切就搞定了。

Simple.

很简单。

Side note here. 表達脈絡

补充一点。

Continuing this rule in reverse means that siblings can technically call each other zeroth cousins, 語氣意圖

反向推导这个规则意味着，理论上兄弟姐妹可以称彼此为第零代堂表亲，

which they totally should.

他们完全可以这么叫。

And you are your own negative first cousin.

而你自己就是你自己的负第一代堂表亲。

Weird.

真奇怪。

All done here now. 表達脈絡

现在讲完了。

Nothing more to talk about.

没什么可讲的了。

Oh right,

哦对，

the once removed thing. 文化背景

还有‘隔代’(removed)这回事。

You may have noticed these cousins are all on the same level.

你可能已经注意到这些表亲都在同一个辈分上。

Removed just describes how many generations apart people are.

‘Removed’仅仅描述了人们之间相隔了多少代。

For example,

例如，

what's the family connection between these two?

这两个人之间的亲属关系是什么？

Start by taking the smaller cousin number,

从较小的表亲代数算起，

first cousins,

第一代堂表亲，

and count the levels apart,

然后计算相隔的辈分，

once removed.

相隔一代(once removed)。

These are first cousins twice removed,

这些是相隔两代的第一代堂表亲，

thrice removed,

相隔三代的，

and these are second cousins once removed.

而这些是相隔一代的第二代堂表亲。

Doing all this on our simplified drawing of your descendants is a bit too easy

在关于你后代的简化图上讲这些实在太简单了，

as most family trees look more like this. 語法

因为大多数家谱更像是这样的。

The rules are still the same,

规则还是不变，

first cousins,

第一代堂表亲，

second cousins,

第二代堂表亲，

and the removed,

以及隔代的代数，

but it is a bit harder to tell quickly who exactly is your second cousin twice removed

但要迅速辨认出谁到底是你相隔两代的第二代表亲确实有点难，

or your great grandaunts-in-law?

或者是你的曾姻姑婆？

To help,

为了提供帮助，

there is a chart you can download,

你可以下载一张图表，

which will both make it much easier to figure out what grand-nibling or cousin removed you are to anyone at the next family reunion, 講解

这能让你在下次家庭聚会时更容易弄清楚你对别人来说是哪种侄孙辈或者隔代表亲，

and obviously show how cool you are. 語氣意圖

显然也能展示出你有多酷。

Now, we're really done,

现在，我们真的讲完了，

unless you start thinking about the math of all of these family members. 語法

除非你开始思考所有这些家庭成员的数学问题。

Just how many great, great, great, great grandparents do you have?

你到底有多少个曾曾曾曾祖父母？

64?

64 个？

And those great x grand parents had kids,

而那些带 x 个 grand 的祖父母们生了孩子，

giving you a whole lot of cousins. 短語搭配

这让你有了一大堆堂表亲。

This chart happens to stop at 10th cousins, 語法

这个图表刚好停在第 10 代表亲，

of which you may have more than 2,000, 語法

这部分亲戚你可能有 2000 多人，

which seems like way too many, 短語搭配

这看起来实在太多了，

but these numbers both have big, possibly unsettling asterisks attached to them, 習語

但这两种数字都带有一个巨大的、可能令人不安的星号，

which we will talk about more in part two, 表達脈絡

我们会在第二部视频中详细讨论，

family genetics explained.

也就是对家族遗传学的解析。