你的免疫系统是如何工作的？ - 艾玛·布莱斯 (Emma Bryce)：英语精读讲义

哪一句最能把一个典型过程呈现为快速连续的动作？

1. A wet seed is often larger than a dry seed.
2. The seed absorbs water, swells, and breaks open.
3. The seed can break open when enough water is available.

请用一个意为“如果没有这张地图”的三个词短语补全句子：____ the map, we would still be lost.

哪句话自然地用 accompanied by 补充同时出现的线索，并用 telltale 表示该线索能揭示问题？

1. The engine problem was accompanied by a smell that told everyone a long story.
2. The engine problem was telltale by a smell of burning rubber.
3. The engine problem was accompanied by a telltale smell of burning rubber.

哪句话先承认一个缺点，然后用 but 强调更重要的好处？

1. The update takes time, but it fixes an important security problem.
2. The update takes time, and time is a security problem.
3. The update fixes a security problem because it takes time.

哪一句使用了 a signal that + 从句来说明信号的含义？

1. The warning light is a signal that the battery is low.
2. The bell was a signal to leave the room.
3. The coach gave the runner a signal.

完成名词搭配 safeguard against：Regular backups are a safeguard ____ data loss.

哪句话先列出组成部分，再用 that 说明其功能，从而清楚地定义一个事物？

1. The emergency system is a network of sensors and alarms that warn people about danger.
2. The emergency system uses sensors and alarms in many buildings.
3. Sensors and alarms are important because they warn people about danger.

用 Without ... would be exposed to 结构补全这条假设风险链：____ protective gloves, a worker's hands ____ chemicals that could make a small skin irritation serious.

用 minor 完成 as...as 比较结构：Even a problem ____ a loose wire can shut down the whole network.

补全固定搭配 rely on：This rescue service relies ____ trained volunteers during storms.

哪句话正确使用 also known as 来引出一个公认的别称？

1. Mercury, also called as quicksilver, is a liquid metal.
2. Mercury, also known as quicksilver, is a liquid metal.
3. Mercury, also known quicksilver, is a liquid metal.

用 originate in 的过去式完成句子：The custom ____ a small fishing village centuries ago。

用 migrate 加上表示“进入”的介词完成句子：During inflammation, immune cells can ____ nearby tissue.

用 help clear 的两个词形式完成句子，并使 help 与单数主语一致：A good filter ____ harmful particles from the water.

用 teem 的适当形式完成句子，使其表示“充满大量事物”：After the rain, the garden was ____ butterflies.

用能与 between 正确搭配的词完成句子：There are between 20 ____ 30 seeds in every packet.

哪一句中的 as 相当于 while，表示两个动作同时发生？

1. As the camera moves across the room, it records each wall.
2. As the battery was dead, the camera would not turn on.
3. The camera is as light as a phone.

哪一句先使用熟悉的事物作类比，再通过具体的共同动作解释抽象功能？

1. The firewall is installed beside the gatekeeper in the office.
2. The firewall works like a gatekeeper, checking each request for possible threats.
3. The firewall blocks online threats, but a gatekeeper watches a building entrance.

使用 screen X for Y 结构完成句子：Airport staff ____ bags ____ prohibited items.

使用 relies on 和 called 完成句子：The device mainly ____ signals ____ beacons to find its location.

这句话怎样组织信息？

1. 先说明这些痕迹是什么、位于哪里，再说明它们揭示了什么。
2. 先描述入侵者，再声称分子痕迹并不存在。
3. 先列出实验步骤，再报告实验结果。

在例句中，betray the presence of invaders 是什么意思？

1. 阻止入侵者移动
2. 背叛入侵者
3. 暴露入侵者的存在

哪句话表示检测到烟雾后，警报几乎立刻就会响起？

1. The sensor detects smoke because it takes the alarm several minutes to stop.
2. Before the sensor detects smoke, the alarm has already sounded for several minutes.
3. As soon as the sensor detects smoke, it takes only seconds for the alarm to sound.

哪句话中的 kick in 表示“开始运行”？

1. We each kicked in five dollars for the gift.
2. The backup system kicked in when the power failed.
3. The firefighter kicked in the locked door.

哪一句使用了相同的逻辑：多样化的挑战要求系统具备相应的灵活性？

1. Classroom needs vary widely, so the lesson plan has to be equally adaptable.
2. The lesson plan is adaptable, although today's class starts at noon.
3. Classroom needs vary widely, but the lesson plan was written last week.

完成目标结构 That means + -ing：The building has limited space. ____ using smaller desks and shared storage.

哪一句正确使用了 means relying on A to do B？

1. Running the event means rely on volunteers to guide visitors.
2. Running the event means relying volunteers to guide visitors.
3. Running the event means relying on volunteers to guide visitors.

哪一句正确使用了 despite？

1. Despite the heavy rain, the match continued.
2. Although the heavy rain, the match continued.
3. Despite it was raining heavily, the match continued.

用表示“两种方法相互配合”的目标形容词完成句子：The library launched a ____ campaign to improve access: it extended weekend hours and added a mobile book service.

在例句中，First主要起什么组织作用？

1. 它表示这是唯一可能出现的免疫反应。
2. 它引出流程的第一部分，之后句子再说明这一部分的作用和方法。
3. 它表示这个动作发生在其他所有步骤之后。

哪一句正确使用 trigger a response 来表示某个原因使一种反应开始？

1. Bright light can respond a protective trigger in the eye.
2. Bright light can trigger a protective response in the eye.
3. Bright light can trigger to a protective response in the eye.

请使用 by 和 reduce 的 -ing 形式完成句子：The device saves energy ____ screen brightness.

在这个句子中，As the drone flies along the fence 表达什么关系？As the drone flies along the fence, it checks every post.

1. 围栏被拿来与无人机作比较。
2. 飞行和检查是同一持续过程中的同步动作。
3. 检查只会在无人机停止飞行后发生。

用 read 和 simply by + -ing 补全句子：The scanner identifies each box ____ its label.

用 store 完成 allow + 宾语 + to-infinitive 结构：The app allows users ____ important documents securely.

在这段说明中，That allows ... to identify ... and transmit ... 起什么作用？

1. 让流程倒退，并说明前一步失败了
2. 引入两个没有因果关系的独立事件
3. 把前一步的结果连接到接下来成为可能的两个动作

填入引出接收方所需的介词：The satellite transmits weather data ____ stations on the ground.

哪句话正确使用 go in search of 来描述寻找行动的开始？

1. At dawn, the rescue team went in search of the missing hikers.
2. At dawn, the rescue team went in searching of the missing hikers.
3. At dawn, the rescue team went in search for the missing hikers.

请用 kill off 补全句子，并把代词放在正确位置：The beetles were destroying the garden, so the farmer tried to ____.

哪一个句子正确使用 Meanwhile 来引出同时发生的活动？

1. The lab team analyzed the samples. Meanwhile, the field team collected more data.
2. The lab team completed the first test. Meanwhile, only after it ended, they began the second test.
3. The lab team finished the report. Then, they submitted it.

哪一句使用了相同的“信息输入推动行动”的组织方式？

1. The design team used the survey results to start improving the app.
2. The survey results arrived after the design team updated the app.
3. The design team explained how the app had collected the survey results.

用 produce 的 -ing 形式补全句子：The factory started ____ medical supplies last year.

哪一句用 pièce de résistance 表示一个较大活动中的重头戏？

1. The science show was a piece of physical resistance.
2. The final experiment resisted the science show.
3. The final experiment was the pièce de résistance of the science show.

选出正确使用 Each 搭配单数动词，并把 unique 和 matching 放在所修饰名词前面的句子。

1. Each lock has a uniquely match key.
2. Each lock have a unique matching key.
3. Each lock has a unique matching key.

哪一句使用了相同的“锁和钥匙”形象来说明有选择的匹配？

1. The enzyme fits its target like a key in a lock.
2. The enzyme is made from a metal key and a lock.
3. The enzyme can bind to every target equally well.

哪一句中的 latch onto 表示“抓住并保持附着”？

1. The tiny hooks latch onto the fabric.
2. The reporter latched onto one small detail.
3. She latched onto the new idea immediately.

哪一句中的 cycle through 表示“在一个实体系统内循环流动”？

1. Maya cycles through the park every morning.
2. The mechanic pours coolant into a clean container.
3. The coolant cycles through the engine to carry heat away.

句意是监控一直持续到系统恢复安全的那一刻。完成句子：The engineers kept watching the system ____ it was safe again.

哪句话中的 neutralized 表示“使危险无法再造成伤害”？

1. The filter neutralized the harmful chemical before it reached the river.
2. The report described the harmful chemical in detail.
3. The two teams remained neutral during the argument.

请使用本课学到的原样开头短语补全句子：____, the stage crew is preparing the next scene.

哪一句使用了相同框架，先修正原先的判断，再说明功能？

1. The rough tiles are currently beside the platform edge.
2. The rough tiles are actually safety markers designed to warn people near the platform edge.
3. The rough tiles were actually replaced after the warning.

用本课中表示“功能是帮助……”的正式表达补全句子：This device is ____ recovery after surgery.

哪一句正确使用了 make it + adjective + for + noun + to do 结构？

1. The steep path makes it difficult young children to reach the top.
2. The steep path makes young children difficult to reach the top.
3. The steep path makes it difficult for young children to reach the top.

用表示“容易受温度影响”的带连字符形容词完成句子：The medicine must stay in the refrigerator because it is ____.

哪一句最清楚地把信息组织成“条件、动作和结果”链条？

1. When the pipe bursts, water floods the basement, causing serious damage.
2. The pipe burst after the basement flooded.
3. Water damage is common in old basements.

用 make 和 melt 的正确形式完成句子：The device releases heat that ____ the ice ____.

完成句子。在 major damage 前使用 cause 的 -ing 形式：The broken pipe flooded the hallway, ____.

哪一个承接句使用 That also 回指前面的事件，并补充另一项作用？

1. The alarm wakes the staff. That also alerts nearby residents.
2. The alarm wakes the staff. Also, a resident bought a new alarm.
3. The alarm wakes the staff. That means the staff are nearby residents.

哪句话自然地用 eradicate 表示彻底消除，并用 within 表示完成期限？

1. The staff will eradicate the chairs from the room within ten minutes.
2. The campaign aims to eradicate the disease within ten years.
3. The city will control the pollution within ten years, meaning it will certainly disappear completely.

哪句话先承认一个局限，然后把注意力转向真正的功能？

1. A summary includes every detail because leaving details out is its purpose.
2. A summary never includes any useful information, so it serves no purpose.
3. A summary won't always include every detail, but that's not its purpose; it is meant to present the main ideas.

在本句中，Its actual job is to... 起到什么组织信息的作用？

1. 它纠正一种原先的看法，并引出真正的功能。
2. 它表示这个功能只会短暂发生。
3. 它列出两种同样可能的功能，但不作选择。

用目标结构 stop A from -ing 和 escalate to + level 完成句子：Early action can stop the conflict ____ a dangerous level.

through constant surveillance over time 说明这项益处是怎样形成的？

1. 结果只在一次短暂检查后产生。
2. 结果是通过一段时间内的持续监测产生的。
3. 结果是因为所有监测都已停止而产生的。

用表示“逐渐获得免疫保护”的两个单词搭配完成句子：Vaccines can help the body ____ to a virus.

填入表示“传感器利用检测到的数据采取行动”的表达：When the sensor detects smoke, it can ____ sound an alarm.

这句话是怎样组织信息的？

1. 它表示细胞要等到其他所有细胞都受影响后才采取行动。
2. 它先给出一个结果，再说明未来的触发情形、行动及其目的，以及避免进一步伤害的时限。
3. 它描述的是过去发生、彼此无关的几件事。

哪句话自然地表示这座城市迅速调动资源来处理问题？

1. The city swiftly deployed repair crews to tackle the storm damage.
2. The city swiftly deployed the storm damage to tackle repair crews.
3. The city swiftly described repair crews after the storm damage.

说话人刚刚解释了过滤器去除水中盐分的步骤。哪句话最适合用来收束这段说明？

1. That's how the filter produces fresh water.
2. That's what the filter cost.
3. That's why the filter was blue.

It doesn't always work so well. 表达的是什么意思？

1. 它从来都不能良好运作。
2. 它在某些情况下运行良好，但并非每次都如此。
3. 它每次都同样运行良好。

请填入表示“免疫系统攻击身体自身健康组织”的医学术语：Lupus is an ____ disease.

请使用括号中的词和目标结构完成句子：Yesterday, the fake website ____ her password. (trick / Maya / reveal)

哪一句先把一个要点标记为不确定信息，然后给出相关的已知信息？

1. No one knows exactly why the lake turned pink, but tests show that the water is safe.
2. No one knows why the lake turned pink, and no one has learned anything about it.
3. Everyone knows exactly why the lake turned pink, but no tests have been done.

哪句话自然地表示多个软件缺陷严重破坏了一个系统，但破坏程度并不完全相同？

1. The software flaws caused the payment system to work exactly as intended.
2. The software flaws sabotaged the payment system to varying degrees.
3. The software flaws repaired the payment system in different ways.

哪句话最准确地表示每个社区都受到了影响，但受影响的程度不同？

1. The storm affected the neighborhoods to varying degrees.
2. The storm affected the neighborhoods in various ways.
3. The storm affected every neighborhood to the same degree.

请用表示“构成深层原因或基础”的正式动词完成句子：Long-term stress may ____ several health problems.

刚才有几位顾客报告某款应用会在他们的手机上崩溃。哪句话最能限定接下来的说法，并把焦点拉回通常情况？

1. For most users, however, the app runs smoothly.
2. For a few users, however, the app crashes.
3. For all users, therefore, the app runs smoothly.

哪句话表示身体成功抵御了感染？

1. Her doctor tested for the infection.
2. Her immune system fought off the infection.
3. Her symptoms revealed the infection.

选择能补全句子且表示“贯穿整个时期”的表达：The town changed greatly ___ the century.

1. over the course of
2. at the moment of
3. before the start of

哪句话正确使用了 Without ... would ... 来描述假设性后果？

1. Without its battery, the device would stops working.
2. Without its battery, the device will stopping working.
3. Without its battery, the device would stop working.

哪句话自然地表示“小争端可能发展成严重得多的事态”？

1. A small dispute could escalate into something far more serious.
2. A small dispute could escalate something far more serious into.
3. A small dispute could escalate into something far serious.

用目标结构完成这条提醒：____ you use a shared computer, sign out of every account.

说话人刚解释完短暂休息如何帮助提高专注力。哪句话最适合用同样的“未来情境＋提醒”结构结束讲解？

1. Short breaks can improve focus in several ways.
2. Yesterday, I took a break while studying.
3. People sometimes lose focus during long tasks.
4. So the next time you feel your attention fading, take a short break and return refreshed.

医护急救人员在车祸后救了我们。请用 owe + them + our lives 补全句子：We ____.

请用 consider 和 join 的正确形式补全这个礼貌邀请：Please ____ our volunteer team.