历史的审判：奥古斯都 - 佩塔·格林菲尔德与亚历克斯·根德勒：英语精读讲义

请用目标结构完成平行对比：The treaty ____ a new era of cooperation and ____ the conflict.

例句中的 Was ... or ...? 问句主要承担什么话语功能？

1. 围绕两个对立的解读设置讨论框架。
2. 只询问这位皇帝的正式头衔。
3. 证明两种描述同样正确。

用表示“获得长久历史地位”的准确目标短语完成句子：The discovery earned her a ____.

用表示“根本性指导原则”的准确目标短语完成句子：Honesty and respect are two of our ____.

说 “Order, order.” 时，说话人是在做什么？

1. 要求点两份餐
2. 把同一个命令说两遍
3. 要求大家安静，以便正式程序继续进行

用本课学到的法律角色词完成句子：In today's mock trial, the ____ will respond to the accusation.

请用对法官的标准正式称谓完成这句法庭回答：No, ____.

100 BCE 和 63 BCE 中，哪个年份更早？

1. 63 BCE
2. 两者是同一年。
3. 100 BCE

请使用 upon being 和 appoint 的正确形式完成句子：Lena began her duties ____ chair of the committee.

哪句话明确表示 Marcus 既与 Elena 有收养形成的家庭关系，又有继承权？

1. Marcus became Elena's heir.
2. Marcus became Elena's adoptive son and heir.
3. Marcus became Elena's adopted son.

哪句话表示委员会正式授予 Lena 一个称号？

1. The council granted Lena the title of honorary chair.
2. Lena gained the title of honorary chair after the council's vote.
3. The council received the title of honorary chair from Lena.

在例句中，说话人使用 You mean when...? 主要是在做什么？

1. 完全同意对方，而且不改变原来的描述。
2. 用更具批判性的措辞重新表述先前的说法。
3. 询问一个无关事件的具体日期。

例句中的 established sole authority 是什么意思？

1. 他因精神智慧而受到尊敬。
2. 他同意与其他人平等分享统治权。
3. 他建立了一套由自己独掌统治权的体制。

哪句话用 back then 自然地指向前文已提到的一段过去时间？

1. The meeting starts tomorrow. Please call me back then.
2. Put the book back, then close the door.
3. We moved here in 2005. The streets were much quieter back then.

用 leave 的过去完成时表示较早发生的动作：By the time the meeting began, the manager ____.

使用 that is meant to 的简化形式：We need a policy ____ first-time renters.

哪句话使用了相同的 A, not B 结构，先提出一个目标，再排除与之竞争的目标？

1. The policy should protect neither the public nor a single company's profits.
2. The policy should protect the public because one company is profitable.
3. The policy should protect the public, not the profits of one company.

请用过去时的 it-cleft 和 who 补全句子，以强调 Maya：____ Maya ____ found the missing document.

哪句话中的 model 表示“模范的、值得效仿的”？

1. He works as a model for a clothing brand.
2. Rina is a model employee who is always prepared.
3. The architect displayed a model of the new library.

请用 elect 的一般过去时被动形式和正确的介词完成句子：After the members voted, Lena ____ the board.

本句中的 College of Pontiffs 指什么？

1. 让祭司取得学位的现代大学
2. 负责监督宗教祭祀的古罗马祭司团体
3. 专门研究古罗马历史的学校院系

使用目标结构的过去式完成句子：During the storm, Nia ____ coordinating the emergency shelter.

corrupt oligarchs in the Senate 在本句中暗示了什么？

1. 元老院中的一个少数权势集团正被指控进行不诚实的统治。
2. 所有元老都只是被一个中性的正式职称所指代。
3. 一群元老院雇员因分享权力而受到称赞。

用本课表示“过度渴望权力”的复合形容词完成句子：The mayor kept removing every limit on his authority, and critics called him a ____ leader.

请用 make 和正确的反身代词完成句子：Leo wanted to ____ the team's captain.

这句话暗示什么？The adviser was criticized for consorting with corrupt officials.

1. 这位顾问只是参加了一次普通的公开会议，句子没有任何批评意味。
2. 这位顾问成了某位统治者的合法配偶。
3. 这位顾问与一些人来往密切，而且这种来往受到他人的负面评价。

使用 clean 完成目标结构 join someone in doing something：After the storm, our neighbors joined us ____ the park.

哪句话中的 tear apart 使用了比喻义，表示冲突使一个群体严重分裂？

1. The child tore the paper apart for the collage.
2. The long dispute tore the community apart.
3. The organizers divided the guests into three teams.

例句中的 stabbed his ally in the back 是什么意思？

1. 他帮助盟友从伤病中恢复。
2. 他暗中背叛了信任他的盟友。
3. 他公开反对一个不认识的人。

请用 wage 的过去式和目标搭配中的名词完成句子：The group ____ against online bullying.

请用 plot to 和 turn X into Y 完成句子：They plotted ____ the empty warehouse ____ a private casino.

请用 accuse of 的过去完成时被动形式完成句子：By the time the investigation reopened, the official ____ corruption.

这个问句在话语中的主要作用是什么？

1. 它只是中立地询问屋大维成为国王的确切日期。
2. 它没有根据前面的行为得出任何结论，只是转换话题。
3. 它把两个行为重新组织成一个总结，用来质疑看似存在的双重标准。

the megalomania 在本句中表达了什么态度？

1. 它中立地指出该称号的官方拼写。
2. 它强烈批评该称号，认为它体现了极端自大和对权力的渴望。
3. 它赞扬该称号是健康自信的谦逊表现。

在这个句子中，religious honorific 指什么？

1. 一个带有宗教意义的尊称
2. 一个人出生时使用的普通名字
3. 一份负责组织宗教仪式的工作

哪句话表示他追求权力是为了自己的利益？

1. He sought power for his own sake.
2. He sought power for the country's sake.
3. He sought power for its own sake.

哪句话使用 As + 角色说明职责依据，并用 it was someone’s duty to 表达义务？

1. As team captain, Maya knew she wanted to speak for the players.
2. As team captain, Maya knew it was her duty to speak for the players.
3. Like the team captain, Maya knew it was the players’ duty to speak.

请用表示“重新恢复法律权威和社会稳定”的公共事务固定表达完成这个英语句子：After three days of unrest, the authorities moved quickly to ____.

请用表示预期结果的双词连接词完成句子：I saved a copy of the file ____ my team didn't lose the data.

请用 subordinate 及其要求的介词完成句子：The new policy made local offices ____ headquarters.

哪句话表示这些改革旨在恢复法院过去的公众地位？

1. The reforms were intended to protect the court's documents.
2. The reforms were intended to restore the court's prestige.
3. The reforms were intended to expand the court's building.

哪个术语最适合完成这个句子：The drought is threatening the region's _____ by reducing its food supply?

1. food storage
2. food security
3. food safety

哪句话自然使用了正式结构 relinquish control of？

1. After the sale, the founder agreed to relinquish the company of control.
2. After the sale, the founder agreed to relinquish control of the company.
3. After the sale, the founder agreed to resign control of the company.

哪句话中的 optics 表示公众观感，而不是光学？

1. The report studied the optics of laser beams.
2. The new lens improved the camera's optics in low light.
3. The rebranding was mere optics; the company changed none of its policies.

哪句话中的 stack a group in someone's favor 表示操控群体的成员构成，从而获得不公平优势？

1. The director stacked the selection panel in her favor by appointing only close allies.
2. The director stacked the chairs in her favor before the interview.
3. The director won the panel's support by answering every question clearly.

在一篇关于古罗马的文章中，下面这句话是什么意思：He no longer held the office but retained the powers of a tribune?

1. 即使不再担任该职位，他仍保留了与护民官相关的重要权力。
2. 他离开职位时放弃了全部政治权力。
3. 他成了一份名为《Tribune》的报纸的出版人。

本句中的 the right to celebrate military triumphs 最符合哪种解释？

1. 举行古罗马凯旋仪式的正式特权
2. 指挥所有罗马军团的权力
3. 每次军事胜利后感到高兴的自由

哪项推论最能说明控制驻有最多军团的行省为何重要？

1. 他只保留行政职责，因此放弃了对军队的影响力。
2. 他管理的是平民人口最多的行省。
3. 控制驻军众多的行省使他得以保留军事权力。

请用本课的递进标记完成句子：The hotel room was dirty. ____, the door would not lock.

请用 assume 的过去式完成表示“开始担任该职位”的正式表达：After the board voted, Elena ____ of chairperson.

哪个句子自然地使用 establish a dynasty 来表示“开创一个家族统治世系”？

1. The mayor scheduled one meeting to establish a dynasty.
2. The historian used a map to establish a dynasty.
3. By naming his daughter as heir, the queen hoped to establish a dynasty.

哪个句子表示博物馆的珍宝非常多，很难全部逐一列举？

1. The museum has almost too many treasures to name.
2. The museum has almost named too many treasures.
3. The museum has too many treasures without names.

下面哪句话表示不同地区采用相同的税收规则？

1. The reform imposed constant tax collection without any breaks.
2. The reform established consistent taxation across all regions.
3. The reform let every region set unrelated tax rules.

下面哪句话最准确地改述了“ending private exploitation by local tax officials”？

1. Allowing private companies to explore a region for new resources.
2. Giving local tax officials permission to create public tax rates.
3. Stopping local tax officials from abusing their power for personal gain.

哪句话中的 financed a network of 表示某人为一个相互连接的系统提供了资金？

1. The foundation mapped a network of health clinics but did not fund it.
2. The foundation visited a network of health clinics to request donations.
3. The foundation financed a network of health clinics across the region.

请用 so + 主语 + could 完成目的结构，并以 everyone 作主语：We moved the meeting online ____ attend.

完成强调句，突出领导者任职的时期：____ under the new director ____ the museum expanded its education program.

用本知识点的表达补全句子，表示几乎所有评论者都表示认可：The reviewers were ____ the new design.

这个问题在本句中主要暗示什么？

1. 说话人想要一份那些作家其他职业的清单。
2. 那些作家很可能没有安全或现实可行的其他选择。
3. 那些作家可以同样自由地赞扬或批评奥古斯都。

哪个句子中的 on vague charges 具有相同的法律含义和批评意味？

1. The hotel added several unexpected charges to the final bill.
2. The lawyer presented specific charges supported by dates and documents.
3. The journalist was detained on vague charges that officials never explained.

这句话中的 you forgot to mention 主要起什么作用？

1. 确认对方是否记得某项法律的准确措辞
2. 称赞对方已经提供了所有相关事实
3. 指出对方的论述漏掉了一个会削弱其说法的重要事实

哪一个改写最准确地保留了原短语的含义和说话人的态度？

1. 被认为对公民私人生活干涉过多的法律
2. 中性列出公民公开信息的法律
3. 由公民私下起草、供自己在家中使用的法律

even 和最后一项的位置如何加强论证？

1. 把最出人意料的一项放在最后，并用 even 引出。
2. 按照事件发生的时间排列例子。
3. 用最后一项否定前两项。

improve the citizenry and instill discipline 在这里表达什么治理目标？

1. 立即惩罚每一个违反规则的公民
2. 逐步塑造全体公民并培养守纪律的行为
3. 让每个公民各自制定一套规则

用 speak for ... 这个习语补全句子：The results ____; no extra explanation is needed.

用 expand 的过去式补全这个搭配：The discovery ____ of medicine.

在这个句子中，a model of civic virtue 是什么意思？

1. 某位统治者私人习惯的记录
2. 公共生活中负责任且合乎道德的行为典范
3. 政府建筑的设计方案

哪句话使用 would go on to + 动词原形，从过去的某个阶段展望后来的发展？

1. She began as a lab assistant and would go on direct the research center.
2. She began as a lab assistant and would go on to direct the research center.
3. She directed the research center and went on directing it for another year.

这里的 a tradition of military autocracy 是什么意思？

1. 由军事力量领导或支撑、已经形成传统的专制统治模式
2. 由全体公民直接作出决定的政府
3. 只负责国防事务的普通军事部门

用本课表示“每当……同时又声称……”的结构补全句子：____ a leader silences critics ____ defend freedom, we should be cautious.

哪句话明确表示说话人是在代表整个团队发言？

1. I am speaking about the whole team.
2. I am speaking in front of the whole team.
3. I am speaking on behalf of the whole team.

在暴行和独裁统治的语境中，We have Augustus Caesar to thank 最可能是什么意思？

1. 说话人不知道是什么造成了这个结果
2. 以反讽方式把糟糕的结果归咎于某人或某事
3. 真诚称赞某人带来了好结果

哪句话表示“完全没有风险的投资并不存在”？

1. There has no such thing as a completely risk-free investment.
2. There is no such thing as a completely risk-free investment.
3. There is no so thing as a completely risk-free investment.

请用 work 的正确形式完成句子：After several busy seasons, our team is used to ____ under pressure.

高亮短语在论证中起什么作用？

1. 再补充一个这个人如何使用权力的例子
2. 询问这个人最早在什么时候获得了权力
3. 把焦点从某个人怎样使用权力转向任何个人是否都不该拥有这种权力

请用一个固定短语补全问句，以质疑当初作出这个决定的原因：Why did we approve the plan ____?

一位评论者说，目标是 to put history itself on trial。这个隐喻是什么意思？

1. 审视并质疑既有的历史叙述方式和评价方式
2. 给学生安排一次历史年代测验
3. 对过去生活过的人提起真实的法律诉讼