斯多葛主义哲学 - Massimo Pigliucci：英语精读讲义

哪一句最自然地表示：旅行受阻后，莉娜被困在离家极远的地方？

1. After the flights were cancelled, Lena was stranded thousands of miles from home.
2. After the flights were cancelled, Lena was standing thousands of miles from home.
3. After the flights were cancelled, Lena was stranded thousands of miles to home.

阅读英文语境，选择最能回指整个困难处境的开头：The roads were flooded, and the last train had been cancelled. ___ would make anyone feel helpless.

1. A routine task
2. Such a predicament
3. An easy question

用 give up 的正确形式完成句子：The pressure would make many people ____.

这个句子开头的主要作用是什么？But for Zeno of Cyprus, it became the foundation of his life's work and legacy.

1. 它表示芝诺阻止了这场困境的发生。
2. 它表示这场困境是为了让芝诺受益而发生的。
3. 它把通常的反应与芝诺所经历的不同结果作对比。

哪句话中的 foundation 使用了相同的抽象含义？

1. The concrete foundation cracked during the storm.
2. Her first field study became the foundation of her later research.
3. She put the report on the foundation beside her desk.

哪个短语能自然地描述“一位过去曾经出名的演员”？

1. a famous once actor
2. an actor who became famous once
3. a once famous actor

哪句话自然地表示“船员遭遇海难后流落到一座偏远岛屿”？

1. The crew saw a shipwreck from a remote island.
2. The crew was shipwrecked on a remote island.
3. The crew wrecked a ship on a remote island.

用本课中表示“因为没多少别的事可做”的短语完成句子：____, we walked around the empty station.

哪句话明确表示 Maya 是随意、没有计划地走进某处的？

1. Maya walked into a small music shop to pick up the guitar she had ordered.
2. Maya wandered into a small music shop while exploring the old town.
3. Maya hurried past a small music shop to catch the bus.

用本课学到的三个单词组成的过去时结构完成句子：After the museum visit, Lena ____ ancient maps.

用表示“随后有目的地去寻找”的高亮结构完成句子：After checking the directory, Maya ____ a local historian.

用表示“在某人的指导下学习”的高亮搭配完成句子：Elena moved to Seville to ____ a respected flamenco teacher.

哪一句中的 as 与例句一样，用来引出发展中的时间背景？

1. As Maya walked toward the library, it began to rain.
2. As you requested, I attached the file.
3. As the key was missing, we could not open the door.

用本课表示“被称为”的两个词补全句子：The singer is ____ Luna on stage.

用表示所属关系的关系词完成句子：We visited a museum ____ collection includes ancient coins.

哪句话用 comes from 说明一个词的来源？

1. The word robot comes across a Czech word.
2. The word robot comes from a Czech word.
3. The word robot comes to a Czech word.

在这个句子中，colonnade 指哪一种场所？

1. 建筑物地下的私人储藏室
2. 没有建筑结构的普通露天道路
3. 由成排柱子支撑、带顶且侧面开放的公共空间

colloquially 在这个句子中传达了什么信息？

1. stoic 这个词只能用于古代哲学著作。
2. 这个句子正在说明 stoic 的日常非专业含义。
3. Stoicism 正在由一种性格特征得到完整定义。

请用目标表达完成句子：Even when deadlines pile up, our team leader ____.

这句话如何处理 stoic 的日常定义？

1. 它把这个定义的每一部分都当作错误而完全否定。
2. 它把这个定义和这套哲学描述为同时发生的两个事件。
3. 它先承认这个定义部分正确，然后指出它并不完整。

用本课的三个词目标短语完成句子：A library is ____ a room full of books.

句中的 a web of cause and effect 描述的是什么？

1. 一切都通过互联网连接。
2. 许多相互连接的原因和结果彼此影响。
3. 每个事件只有一个简单原因，而且不会产生更广泛的影响。

用 result in 的 -ing 形式补全句子：A water main broke, ____ the closure of two streets.

例句中的 which they called logos 起什么作用？

1. 它把 logos 说成创造宇宙的目的。
2. 它表示几个品牌标志具有理性设计。
3. 它把刚提到的理性结构命名为 logos。

哪句话使用了相同的结构，先承认限制，再指出一个可行的选择？

1. Because we can learn from mistakes, mistakes never happen.
2. We may always prevent mistakes, but we cannot learn from them.
3. While we may not always prevent mistakes, we can learn from them.

用表示“有决定能力”的目标搭配完成句子：Even when the train is late, you still ____ how you use the waiting time.

哪句话中的 approach 表示“以某种方式处理或思考某事”？

1. The hikers are approaching the cabin.
2. The train is approaching the station.
3. We need to approach this discussion calmly.

用表示“按照它目前的实际状态”的三个词补全句子：We need to deal with the problem ____, not as we wish it were.

请使用 rather than 和 complain 的 -ing 形式补全句子：____ about the delay, let's look for a solution.

在短语 four cardinal virtues 中，cardinal 是什么意思？

1. 与东、南、西、北有关的
2. 根本的或最重要的
3. 在天主教会中担任高级职位的

哪项描述最符合本句中 practical wisdom 的含义？

1. 收集有用事实，却不决定如何行动。
2. 知道修理实物的实用窍门。
3. 在复杂的现实情境中运用良好判断，选择合适的行动。

哪句话中的 navigate 与例句使用了相同的抽象含义？

1. The map helped us navigate to the nearest library.
2. Good communication helped us navigate the difficult conversation.
3. The captain learned to navigate by the stars.

在这句话中，Temperance 是什么意思？

1. 拒绝一切舒适或享受。
2. 践行自我约束，避免过度。
3. 遇到问题时表现出愤怒。

用一个介词完成句子：The teacher treats every student ____ patience.

本句中的 even when they have done wrong 表达了什么意思？

1. 即使他人做错了事，公平对待的原则仍然适用。
2. 一个人做错事后就不再值得被公平对待。
3. 公平对待的原则只在任何人犯错之前适用。

哪句话表示勇气既可以出现在紧急情况中，也可以体现在日常选择中？

1. Courage appears either in emergencies or in everyday choices, but not both.
2. Courage appears not in emergencies but only in everyday choices.
3. Courage appears not just in emergencies but also in everyday choices.

使用 face + challenges + with + 品质 这一结构，并用 clarity 和 integrity 补全句子：Good leaders ____.

哪句话使用 As + 人物 + 引述动词 来引出这个人的观点？

1. Dr. Lee observed small habits during the experiment.
2. As a doctor, Lee studies how habits affect health.
3. As Dr. Lee observed, small habits can produce large changes.

哪句话使用不定式短语作主语，并用 even 突出一个出人意料的行为？

1. Even to ask for help can take courage.
2. She even called a friend after asking for help.
3. She called a friend to ask for help.

哪种解释最准确地说明例句中 not a self-centered philosophy 的意思？

1. 它可能鼓励自我提升，但并不教导人们只关心自己。
2. 它既反对个人成长，也反对关心他人。
3. 它认为提升自己总是意味着忽视他人。

在句子 "The policy considers the path as public land," 中，considers 是什么意思？

1. 它计划沿着这条小路步行。
2. 它正在决定是否购买这条小路。
3. 它把这条小路归类为公共土地。

请用本课中表示“在一个……的时期”的四词开头补全句子：____ most families had no internet access, the library offered free computer use.

用本课中表示“公开要求”的两个词补全句子：After the factory accident, the union ____ safer working conditions.

用 stress that 的过去式补全句子：The coach ____ every player had to arrive on time.

用 Nor 和正确的助动词完成第二句：The plan does not reduce costs. ____ it solve the safety problem.

用 The idea is that 加上表示聚焦的 only 完成总结句：____ registered members can borrow equipment overnight.

哪句话表示“知道密码”是必要条件，而且不知道密码的员工不能打开这个柜子？

1. Employees who know the code can only open this cabinet.
2. Only employees who know the code can open this cabinet.
3. Employees who only know the code can open this cabinet.

请用 bring、positive change 和表示“改变发生在年轻运动员自身”的介词补全英文句子：A patient coach can ____ young athletes.

哪一句正确使用了并列的 one of... is also one of... 结构？

1. One of the youngest scientists on the team are also one of its clearest speakers.
2. One of the youngest scientist on the team is also one of its clearest speaker.
3. One of the youngest scientists on the team is also one of its clearest speakers.

用表示“在整个学年期间”的目标短语完成句子：____ the school year, the club gained thirty new members.

用 give someone the resolve to do something 结构补全句子：Her coach's encouragement ____ keep training after the loss.

用 lead someone or something through a difficult period 的过去式结构补全句子：The principal ____ the school ____ a year of major changes.

请用 while 和 deal 的 -ing 形式完成句子：Lena stayed calm ____ a sudden crisis.

哪一句用 would 从过去视角描述后来真实发生的事件？

1. Years later, her letters would comfort him during a difficult winter.
2. Every winter, her letters would comfort him by the fire.
3. Her letters would comfort him if he ever received them.

这句话中的 struggle for racial equality 是什么意思？

1. 为让所有种族的人获得平等权利而进行的长期政治和社会斗争。
2. 曼德拉学习一项新技能时遇到的个人困难。
3. 两个人之间短暂的肢体较量。

哪句话用 After + 名词短语把两个节点放在主句动作之前，同时用 eventual 表示结果经过漫长过程后才实现？

1. Before her release and eventual victory, she called for reconciliation.
2. Because of her release and eventual victory, she called for reconciliation.
3. After her release and eventual victory, she called for reconciliation.

哪句话表示校长公开强调了两项原则？

1. The principal was stressed about fairness and respect.
2. The principal stressed fairness and respect.
3. The principal stressed about fairness and respect.

哪句话用 while 对比“无法改变的限制”和“仍可采取的应对”？

1. While we cannot undo the mistake, we can learn from it.
2. While we were discussing the mistake, the phone rang.
3. While the team was meeting, the manager wrote a report.

哪一句正确使用 confront 来表示直接面对一个严重问题？

1. The committee must confront against the evidence of discrimination.
2. The committee must confront the evidence of discrimination.
3. The committee must confront to the evidence of discrimination.

用 seek to build 的正确形式完成这句正式使命陈述：Our program ____ stronger, fairer communities.

哪一句中的 school 表示思想传统，而不是教育机构？

1. The school hired three philosophy teachers.
2. The university built a new school for philosophy students.
3. Epicureanism was a major school of philosophy in the ancient world.

哪一句使用 As + 名词短语，把判断限定在某一种形式或身份上？

1. As a community center, the building closed, but it still hosts occasional events.
2. As the community center was closing, the staff packed the chairs.
3. Because the community center closed, the staff packed the chairs.

哪个句子使用 fade away 表示逐渐消失？

1. The distant music gradually faded away.
2. The distant music stopped with a sharp click.
3. The distant music became louder and clearer.

请用表示“从过去一直到现在”的固定短语补全句子：The custom has survived ____.

哪句话表示老师们喜欢 Maya 的方法，随后又开始使用它？

1. The teachers admired Maya's method but kept using their old one.
2. The teachers admired and adopted Maya's method.
3. The teachers adopted Maya's method even though they disliked it.

请用以 parallels 为核心的目标结构完成句子：There are clear ____ Maya's novel ____ Leo's novel.

在 ataraxia, or tranquility of mind 中，or 起什么作用？

1. 它对 ataraxia 作了更简单的解释。
2. 它表示 tranquility 与 ataraxia 意思相反。
3. 它要求读者在两种不同状态之间选择。

完成句子，使其否定恶劣天气是原因，并指出排期错误才是真正原因：The delay stemmed ____ bad weather, ____ a scheduling error.

请用 resonate 的现在完成时、副词 strongly 和正确的介词完成句子：Over the years, this message ____ young readers。

在本句中，应如何理解 rational emotive behavioral therapy？

1. 它描述了四种互不相关的人格特征。
2. 它是一种心理治疗形式的多词名称。
3. 它列出了四种独立的治疗方法。

用括号中动词的正确形式完成句子：The workshop focuses on ____ confidence. (build)

哪句话最能体现 self-defeating attitude？

1. 她一步一步地练习一项困难的技能。
2. 她询问教练自己可以怎样进步。
3. 她拒绝参加球队选拔，因为她确信自己会失败。

请用表示“再补充一个地点”的缩写短语完成第二句：You can visit the museum and the park. ____ a free science center nearby.

请用表示“受到……塑造”的两个单词完成句子：____ customer feedback, the new app is easier to use.

用表示“以科学证据为基础”的短语完成句子：The theory is ____ years of careful research.

用表示“主动运用我们的决心”的目标短语完成句子：We can ____ to keep going when the task gets hard.

用 fill A with B 结构完成句子：She volunteers every weekend to ____ her life ____ meaning.

用 even in 完成句子：People can find hope ____ the bleakest situations.