如果你停止进食会发生什么？：英语精读讲义

This video is brought to you by Dollar Shave Club. 短語搭配

本视频由 Dollar Shave Club 赞助播出。

Use the link in the description for a special $5 starter set.

点击简介中的链接，获取仅需5美元的特价入门套装。

We all understand that our car needs fuel to keep it running.

我们都知道汽车需要燃料才能继续行驶。

In the same way, 表達脈絡

同样地，

our body also needs fuel in the form of food to power our continued existence. 短語搭配

我们的身体也需要食物形式的“燃料”来维持生存。

The food we consume provides us with a range of different nutrients such as vitamins,

我们摄入的食物能为我们提供一系列不同的营养物质，比如维生素、

minerals,

矿物质、

water,

水分、

carbohydrates,

碳水化合物、

fiber,

膳食纤维、

fat, and protein.

脂肪以及蛋白质。

These nutrients have varying uses like keeping the organs healthy and operational,

这些营养物质有着不同的用途，比如保持器官健康运转、

the brain in working order, 短語搭配

维持大脑的正常工作，

and also ensuring our cells continue to regenerate.

以及确保我们的细胞能够不断再生。

When a car runs out of gas,

当汽车耗尽汽油时，

it stops running.

它就会停止运行。

What if the body runs out of gas? 習語

那么如果身体耗尽了“燃料”呢？

What happens?

会发生什么？

That's what we'll be looking at today in this episode of The Infographics Show, 表達脈絡

这就是我们今天要在《The Infographics Show》这一集中探讨的内容，

what would happen if you didn't eat for a week. 語法

如果你一周不吃东西会发生什么。

Before we answer this question, 表達脈絡

在回答这个问题之前，

let's first look at the recommended amount of food you should be eating in a normal day.

让我们先来看看一个人正常一天建议的食物摄入量。

Calories are used to measure the energy content of foods and beverages,

卡路里被用来衡量食物和饮料的能量含量，

and according to online health information website Healthline, 短語搭配

根据在线健康信息网站 Healthline 的数据，

the average woman needs to consume roughly 2,000 calories per day to maintain her weight

普通女性每天大约需要摄入2000卡路里来维持体重，

and 1,500 calories per day to lose 1 lb of weight per week.

如果想每周减重1磅，则每天需摄入1500卡路里。

The average man needs to consume around 2,500 calories per day to maintain his weight

普通男性每天需要摄入大约2500卡路里来维持体重，

and 2,000 calories per day to lose 1 lb of weight per week.

如果想每周减重1磅，则每天需摄入2000卡路里。

This is just a guide, 語氣意圖

但这只是一个指导标准，

and the actual amount depends on numerous factors like age,

实际所需的摄入量取决于许多因素，如年龄、

height, weight, and activity levels.

身高、体重以及活动水平。

So what does 2,000 or 2,500 calories look like in portions of food? 語法

那么，2000或2500卡路里换算成食物分量是什么样的呢？

Here are a few examples.

这里有几个例子。

A roasted chicken is 475 calories per leg.

一只烤鸡腿含有475卡路里。

A 6-oz salmon fillet is 350 calories.

一块6盎司的鲑鱼肉排含有350卡路里。

There are 489 calories per 100 g of homemade granola,

每100克自制麦片含有489卡路里，

and a Starbucks Double Chocolaty Chip Frappuccino Blended Creme with whipped cream has a whopping 510 calories. 用詞

而一杯加了奶油的星巴克双重巧克力碎星冰乐含有高达510卡路里。

So four of those a day and you'd be maxed out. 短語動詞

所以一天喝四杯这个，你的热量摄入就见顶了。

Now that we have an idea of how much food we need 語法

既然我们已经知道了我们需要多少食物，

and the calorie levels of some of the things we eat,

以及我们常吃的一些东西的卡路里含量，

let's see what happens if we cut out all these yummy delights 短語動詞

让我们来看看如果我们戒掉所有这些美味佳肴

and starve the body of fuel. 短語搭配

并让身体断绝能量来源会发生什么。

For the first 6 hours with no food,

在禁食的最初6个小时内，

everything is perfectly normal.

一切都非常正常。

Many people have gaps between meals of up to 6 hours on a typical day. 短語搭配

很多人在平常的日子里，两餐之间的间隔时间都会达到6小时。

The glycogen in your body,

你体内的糖原，

which is responsible for storing energy,

主要负责储存能量，

is broken down through your metabolism to form glucose, 短語動詞

会通过新陈代谢分解成葡萄糖，

the thing your body uses as fuel.

也就是你身体作为燃料使用的东西。

Your brain uses 25% of this energy with the rest being absorbed by your muscle tissues 語法

你的大脑会消耗其中25%的能量，其余的则被你的肌肉组织

and red blood cells.

和红细胞吸收。

But as soon as you get beyond 6 hours, 語法

但是一旦超过6小时，

the glycogen stores will be exhausted

糖原储备就会被耗尽，

and hunger pains will kick in. 短語動詞

饥饿的阵痛感就会袭来。

As the brain runs out of energy,

随着大脑能量的耗尽，

it can lead to some people getting moody and irrational 短語搭配

可能会导致一些人变得情绪化和失去理智，

unless they find their favorite snack fast. 語法

除非他们能马上找到最喜欢的零食。

These feelings do not last long,

不过这种感觉不会持续太久，

though, and your body adjusts and enters what is known as ketosis, 語法

你的身体会进行自我调整，并进入所谓的“酮症”状态，

a state at which the body starts breaking down your excess fat 語法

在这种状态下，身体会开始分解多余的脂肪

and converting it to energy.

并将其转化为能量。

Ketosis is a state that a lot of athletes such as marathon runners enter

酮症是很多运动员（比如马拉松选手）在耗尽糖原储备时

when they run out of glycogen supplies,

会进入的一种状态，

and there are also many popular low-carb diets that use ketosis

也有很多流行的低碳水化合物饮食法利用酮症

to assist with weight loss.

来辅助减肥。

After 72 hours,

72小时后，

things start to get very tricky when your brain decides it needs more than just ketones to survive. 短語搭配

当你的大脑决定它不仅需要酮体来维持生存时，事情就会变得非常棘手。

At this stage,

在这个阶段，

your body starts to break down its own proteins to form glucose.

你的身体开始分解自身的蛋白质来产生葡萄糖。

So your body is effectively eating its own muscle tissue to survive,

所以你的身体实际上是在靠吞噬自身的肌肉组织来维持生存，

and we're only 3 days in. 短語搭配

而这仅仅是在禁食第3天。

Beyond this point, 表達脈絡

超过这个节点之后，

the immune system will start to struggle in the absence of important vitamins and minerals. 短語搭配

在缺乏重要维生素和矿物质的情况下，免疫系统将开始变得脆弱。

This will make you more susceptible to illnesses and eventually death. 短語搭配

这会使你更容易生病，并最终导致死亡。

As the body continues to eat itself until there is no fat,

随着身体继续进行“自我吞噬”，直到没有脂肪、

muscle, or glucose reserves left,

肌肉或葡萄糖储备可以被消耗，

the chances of heart attack due to severe heart tissue damage is heightened.

因心脏组织严重受损，心脏病发作的风险也会升高。

This sounds pretty harsh and not advisable,

这听起来相当残酷且不建议尝试，

but trying to predict how long these results will affect a person can vary depending on different factors. 短語搭配

但要试图预测这些结果在多长时间内会影响一个人，可能会因各种因素而异。

Someone with greater fat reserves will have a longer survival time,

拥有更多脂肪储备的人会有更长的生存时间，

and most importantly,

最重要的是，

it matters how much water the body receives. 語法

身体获得多少水分也至关重要。

Without fluids,

如果没有流质摄入，

most people will die within 10 days.

大多数人会在10天内死亡。

But if fluids are kept in the diet,

但如果在日常中保持液体的摄入，

then a person can last from 20 to as long as 60 days without eating anything, 短語搭配

一个人在不吃任何东西的情况下可以坚持20到长达60天，

though most human bodies will give up within 40 days. 短語動詞

尽管大多数人的身体会在40天内崩溃。

So what are some of the longest periods people have gone without food? 短語搭配

那么人们在不进食的情况下维持的最长记录有哪些呢？

We found the story of Rita Chretien,

我们找到了 Rita Chretien 的故事，

who was in her mid-50s when she and her husband got lost in the Nevada wilderness in the winter of 2011. 短語搭配

她50多岁时，和丈夫于2011年冬天在内华达州的荒野中迷路了。

Rita survived 49 days of starvation using melted snow to get liquid.

Rita 靠着吃融化的雪水获取水分，在饥饿中存活了49天。

She was fortunate to be discovered by some hunters who were taking advantage of the good weather after the winter. 短語搭配

幸运的是，她被一些趁着冬日过后天气好转出来打猎的猎人发现了。

By the time she was found, 語法

在被发现的时候，

she had lost nearly 30 lb,

她已经瘦了将近30磅，

and as she had not eaten for so long,

而且由于长时间没有进食，

she was unable to take food immediately.

她无法立刻吃下食物。

Her husband disappeared when he went off to try and find food and help.

她的丈夫在出去寻找食物和救援时失踪了。

His body was discovered in 2012.

他的遗体在2012年被发现。

Clearly,

显然，

if you're planning any adventure trips,

如果你计划进行任何探险旅行，

it's best to be properly prepared. 語法

最好做好充分的准备。

British newspaper The Guardian quoted the couple's son Raymond as saying, 短語搭配

英国报纸《The Guardian》援引这对夫妇的儿子 Raymond 的话说：

"I don't believe they were prepared for winter weather.

"我不认为他们为冬季天气做好了准备。

They don't go camping."

他们平常是不去露营的。"

Some of the longest periods that people go without food are hunger strikes, 用詞

人们不进食的最长时期之一是绝食抗议，

and none were longer than the case of an Indian national born in 1931,

而这其中时间最长的莫过于1931年出生的印度国民——

Bhagat Singh.

Bhagat Singh 的案例。

At the time,

当时，

the British ruled India, 文化背景

英国统治着印度，

and Singh was part of the Indian Independence Movement,

Singh 是印度独立运动的成员，

which saw him locked up in prison for allegedly murdering two people. 用詞

他因被指控谋杀两人而被关进监狱。

When in prison,

在狱中，

Singh undertook a hunger strike as a way to demand better clothing and hygiene standards 短語搭配

Singh 发起了绝食抗议，要求获得更好的服装和卫生标准，

and an ending of the manual labor duties at the prison.

并要求结束监狱里的体力劳动。

The British government tried to break the fast by placing bowls of food in his cell, 短語搭配

英国政府试图通过在他的牢房里放置一碗碗的食物来打破他的绝食，

but Singh was very determined and never touched any of it.

但 Singh 非常坚决，从未碰过任何食物。

Incredibly,

令人难以置信的是，

he lasted 63 days,

他坚持了63天，

by which point he weighed only 119 lb. 語法

到那时他的体重仅剩119磅。

Okay,

好吧，

so it seems that if the conditions are right 語法

看来如果条件合适

and if you have enough water,

且如果你有足够的水，

you can go without food for long periods of time.

你可以很长一段时间不吃食物。

But is it ever healthy or is it just downright dangerous? 用詞

但这究竟是健康的，还是纯粹非常危险的呢？

As it happens, 表達脈絡

碰巧的是，

fasting has become increasingly popular as a health routine in recent years. 短語搭配

近年来禁食作为一种健康习惯变得越来越受欢迎。

It's widely understood within the health community that there are many benefits to cutting out food for short periods of time, 語法

健康界普遍认为，短时间内停止进食会有许多好处，

such as a few days.

比如几天。

The obvious benefit is that it can support weight loss if that's something your body requires.

最明显的好处是，如果你的身体有需求，它可以帮助减肥。

But other health benefits are said to include boosting your metabolism, 語法

但据说其他健康益处还包括促进新陈代谢、

lowering blood pressure,

降低血压、

protecting your brain,

保护大脑，

and maybe even slowing the aging process,

甚至可能减缓衰老过程，

though a lot of researchers all disagree with these theories.

尽管有很多研究人员并不认同这些理论。

Beauty routines have gone out of control, 習語

美容程序已经变得有些失控，

but one part that doesn't have to be crazy is your grooming.

但你的个人护理并不需要那么疯狂。

Dollar Shave Club has everything in one place to get your morning going right. 短語搭配

Dollar Shave Club 把一切所需汇集一处，让你的早晨有个美好的开始。

We've tried the Dr. Carver's Easy Shave Butter,

我们尝试了 Dr. Carver's 简易剃须膏，

and our skin was left totally smooth. 語法

用后皮肤感觉非常光滑。

They're giving away their Daily Essential Starter Set to fans of The Infographics Show for only $5. 短語動詞

他们现在只用5美元，就向《The Infographics Show》的粉丝们赠送每日必备入门套装。

This starter set features three trial-sized versions of their most popular products 用詞

这套入门套装包含三种试用装规格的畅销产品，

that help you stay fresh and clean.

帮助你保持清爽和干净。

In your first box,

在你的第一个包裹中，

you'll receive their shave butter,

你将收到他们的剃须膏、

body wash,

沐浴露，

and One Wipe Charlies butt wipes.

以及 One Wipe Charlies 湿厕纸。

You'll also receive their Executive Razor,

你还将获得他们的 Executive 剃须刀，

which includes their premium weighty handle and full cassette of cartridges.

其中包含高级手感握柄和整盒替换刀片。

After the first box,

在第一盒之后，

replacement cartridges are sent directly to your home for only a few bucks a month. 用詞

替换刀片每月只需几美元就会直接送到你家。

This $5 offer is available at dollarshaveclub.com/infographics

只需访问 dollarshaveclub.com/infographics 即可享受这5美元的优惠，

or by clicking the link in the description.

或者点击简介中的链接。

Get ready to look, 短語搭配

准备好展现最好看的自己，

feel, and smell your best.

感受最佳状态并散发迷人气息吧。

So,

那么，

how long have you ever gone without food?

你最长有多少时间没吃过东西？

And how difficult was it?

当时有多困难？

Let us know in the comments. 語氣意圖

请在评论中告诉我们。

Also,

另外，

be sure to check out our other video called 短語動詞

一定要去看看我们的另一个视频，名为

Do you know how much food is in 100 calories?

《你知道100卡路里到底有多少食物吗？》

Thanks for watching,

感谢观看，

and as always,

和往常一样，

don't forget to like, 語氣意圖

别忘了点赞、

share,

分享，

and subscribe.

并订阅我们的频道。

See you next time.

我们下次见。